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Sustainable Tourism Micro-Clusters: the Case of Alentejo Protected Areas

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Sustainable Tourism Micro-Clusters: the Case of Alentejo Protected Areas sustainable tourism micro-clusters: the case of alentejo protected areas Regina Salvador [ José Lúcio [ Jorge Ferreira [ Resumo: Abstract: A A OP OP A A A clusters or industrial districts B resortsresorts B como clustersOP A C BA B micro- 778 clusters 7 8 : 8 77 7:8 87 8: ; A B 87:8 [ B ; M O [ C 7 Keywords ; ?7 Palavras-chave ; JEL Codes@ ?7 Códigos JEL@ 5 estudos regionais | nº 25/26 Introduction B C[ D O PB D B B A 7 77Q ACBB 1. On Sustainable Tourism – elements A [ E B 7[B[ ABB “sustainable tourism is a positive approach C7R intended to reduce the tensions and frictions created ABA by the complex interactions among the tourism industry, visitors, the environment and communities B7B which are host to holiday makers” R AGC@. @SSO M C A BBAA[ BR BA BA 7 7 A AB [ 2ABBD A D B7 A B AP. AB BEJKKJ decalageR A ; 7 B A :7JKKLMNJKKL A M[A A B B RO;A A 7 N JKKJ @K B 7R Othe promotion of national strategies for sustainable tourism development, including the B decentralization of environmental management to regional and local levels, can be seen as one of the A M main policy areas regarding sustainable tourism”. BRA7 7 sustainability 7 A[ A B [ “tourism and @ B A its associated infrastructures that, both now and in B A J the future, operate within natural capacities for the B 7 regeneration of and future productivity of natural resources”@SSJO @7BATQUVR 2 7CB7 ONN NMN PNJKKJ 6 sustainable tourism micro-clusters: the case of alentejo protected areas M E 7BM [ Oenterprise that achieves an effective balance among 8 the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural B aspects of tourism development in order to guarantee [PW7M?@ WA DBA B B B AA D DA BD BD ? @SSS B NBD B B Q7 A 2. The Tourism Activity in Portugal ;AJKKJ AM@@V? @KV A JKKL 7 A E E P JKKQ B QV JKKQ AA C B JK@Q P@V A @SSQ B A W MN B JKKLBJJVW XBJKVB@OV ABA A B @@V B A D AWX X@SSKB A [ ?@STS [ 7 D A ABOTV B BABJJV;B@QV 7AOV? BBA MA BE C B BD B B N A M B B BRA7 B D 8 B N 7 M B CD7;G M A7JSSVB C OTUV A N [ A BA8 QOBJKKJ 7 estudos regionais | nº 25/26 ?7B 3. Alentejo Parks and Natural Reserves A B M N U GA MNG [ N D B @PQ C N “national interest areas containing natural and semi- R R A 7 humanized landscapes and consistent examples of OK D the integration of human activities and nature, which 7 PL E shows samples of a natural region”N CB are O \ P A BA B “to maintain the natural processes in undisturbed state”. ; A7 BB A BB D A A BB BB8 888 Oune certaine atmosphere” 8B8BD8 B A 88B8 last but not the least7 B A 7 ?D7 7@@@@Q B figura 1 7 U[BM?OSYJKKT;L 8 sustainable tourism micro-clusters: the case of alentejo protected areas figura 1.1 NN Area 23.160 ha Councils Alcácer do Sal Grândola Year of creation 1980 Number of tourist units Alcácer do Sal -14 Grândola –11 Main Interests Botany Fauna (with ornithological and ictiology) Source: ICNB, 2009 figura 1.2 N7 N7 Area 5.247 ha Councils Sines Santiago do Cacém Year of creation 2000 Number of tourist units Sines - 10 Santiago do Cacém - 11 Main Interests Wetlands (important for breeding, wintering and migration of birds) Dunes Sea lane Marine fauna Source: ICNB, 2009 9 estudos regionais | nº 25/26 figura 1.3 N:N: Area 69.773 ha Councils Serpa Mértola Year of creation 1995 Number of tourist units Serpa -14 Mértola – 8 Main Interests Fauna Flora Geomorphology Landscape History and Culture Source: ICNB, 2009 figura 1.4 N7:N7: Area 76.000 ha Councils Sines Odemira Year of creation 1980 Number of tourist units Sines – 10 Odemira – 26 Main Interests Coastal habitats Flora Endemic fauna (with ichthyofauna and birds) History Source: ICNB, 2009 10 sustainable tourism micro-clusters: the case of alentejo protected areas figura 1.5 N;N; Area 55.524 ha Councils Marvão Castelo de Vide Portalegre Arronches Year of creation 1989 Number of tourist units Marvão - 31 Castelo de Vide - 17 Portalegre - 16 Arronches – 0 Main Interests Compatibility between human activities and ecosystems dynamics Source: ICNB, 2009 4. Theoretical Approach # O P M to Tourist Clusters BD A 4. 1 Porter “Diamond” Model [ A D BD A # ? P M A A [ B DABR D ? B M TKR, ; # O P M ? ; B RCA [C 11 estudos regionais | nº 25/26 #AAMC A A B BA GMB R M[ C M A B A A D EAO MA BC A J B figura 2 Porter “Diamond” Model History Strategy, Structure and Rivalry :H Q`QJR1QJ VI:JRQJR1QJ Related :JR%]]Q`J$ Public Policies Industries Source:;@SSK figura 3 The Porter “Diamond” Model applied to Tourism in Protected Areas History - Business Strategies - Dynamics and sense of risk R:GQ%`R_%:C1VR - Search demanding - Natural Environment - Dynamic - Lodgement enterprises - Respect for the environment - Transport RR0V`1J$ - Parks Public Policies - Heritage Source:7 12 sustainable tourism micro-clusters: the case of alentejo protected areas B A ; JKKL BDA A B A B B locality 7 A A convene Oniche markets, taking into account that the problems and issues in this sector do not concern large- scale regions but rather smaller localities and their B communities” ;JKKLJ A MY ABDA C DB AD7B B A A B micro-cluster MRA CBA 7 , the term “micro- BA7 cluster” refers to the geographic concentration B [ AA environment, where the complementary interaction B [ of local specialization”;JKKLJOM 4. 2 BlocalityB[ DBD C[ ;JKKLO BARD;AJKKU 7 R [ are “geographic concentrations of interconnected A CA companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, B [ (universities, standards agencies, and trade [ Y cooperate”@SSKLT B E B DB A the OPABD place;D;7@SSS B B Porter model. O P A RCA BDD A O [ MD destination, with its conglomeration of competing and R networking collaborating businesses, generally working together ADADA in associations and through partnership marketing to Mlocality and placeAA put their location on the map.
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