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Cultural History of the People in Rayya Qobbo Wäräda (1550S-1943)

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Cultural History of the People in Rayya Qobbo Wäräda (1550S-1943) DSpace Institution DSpace Repository http://dspace.org History and Heritage Management Thesis and Dissertations 2019-09-03 Cultural History of the People in Rayya Qobbo Wäräda (1550s-1943) MAHDER, TADESSE http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9648 Downloaded from DSpace Repository, DSpace Institution's institutional repository BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE PROGRAM CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE IN RAYYA QOBBO WÄRÄDA (1550s-1943) BY: MAHDER TADESSE Bahir Dar, June 2019 i Bahir Dar University School of Graduate Studies Cultural History of the People in Rayya Qobbo Wäräda (1550s-1943) By: Mahder Tadesse Faculty of Social Sciences A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Bahir Dar University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Masters of Arts (MA) Degree in History. Approved by Board of Examiners: Fantahun Ayele (PhD.) ___________________ Advisor Signature __________________________ ___________________ Examiner Signature __________________________ ____________________ Examiner Signature ii Glossary of Terms Abba- Title particularly to a priest or a monk. Abe gaz- Father of Gaz or leader of raiding campaign in Rayya Ato- Civil title given to ordinary people. Awrajja - Administrative sub-province. Balabat -Individual with the hereditary owner of rest land. Däga -Zone with cold climatic condition Däjazmać -A military title of step below Ras. Dingay tay- Local sorcerer in Rayya. Fitawrari - a military title below Däjazmać. Gazaitè - Raider who participate in Gaz campaign. Grazmać – Commander of the left, military title Qeñazmać- Commander of the right, a politico-military title above Grazmać Qolla - Hot climatic zone Ras -The highest traditional title Rest-Usufruct rights owner land Wäräda - Administrative unit below Awrajja. Wäynadäga - Moderate climate zone. Zämäća - Campaign. Zar- spirit possession cult Zäwold - Traditional conflict resolution institution. Was täri- Guarantor i Keys for Transliteration Consonants ሸ sh ሸነቻ Shänäča ቀ q ቃልቻ Qaleča ቸ č ጉልቻ Guleča ኘ ñ ግራኝ Grañ ጀ j ጃን አሞራ Jane amora ጠ t ም ጥቻ Meteča ጨ Ƈ ጨ ንገር Ƈängre ጸ ts ፀበል Tsäbäl Vowels ኧ ä ወረዳ Wäräda ኡ u ንጉስ Nguse ኢ i ዱበርቲ Dubäreti ኣ a ጋዝ Gaz ኤ è ቆሌ Qolè እ e ግርጃ Gereja ኦ o ቦሇቅያ Boläqeya ii Acknowledgements The completion of this study has been made possible by the direct and indirect contributions of many individuals that need to be acknowledged. First of all, I would like to thanks to almighty God for his in expressible gifts. Then, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Fantahun Ayälä for his unreserved guidance, supervision and constructive criticism. Without his unbounded insight, genuine guidance, and professional comments, the completion of this research work would have not been possible. My heartfelt thank also go to my family, for their unreserved financial and moral support towards my academic study. My deepest thanks go to the Rayya Qobbo Wäräda Tourism and Culture Office staff members, for providing me the relevant information in the course of my undertakings. I would like to tanks to all my informants for their unreserved source and information, which tell about the history and cultural practices of the study area. Finally, I would like to thank my best friends Ayänä Mäkonän and Muläta Ashagrè for their precious encouragement and support in my overall data collection process. iii Table of Content Contents Page Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................................................... i Keys for Transliteration ................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Content .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of figure ................................................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... vii Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Physical and Topographic Features .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Socio- Economic Aspect ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Settlement Pattern of the Early People in Rayya ................................................................................ 5 1.3.1 People and State Before 16th Century .......................................................................................... 5 1.3.1.1 Doba or Doba‟a ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1.2 The Territory of Angot ............................................................................................................ 10 1.3.2 Rayyans ...................................................................................................................................... 12 1.3.4 The Oromo Expansion Movement and Rayya in the 16th Century ........................................... 13 1.4 Relation with Central Government ................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 19 HISTORICAL NARRATIVES OF CULTURAL PRACTICES AND VENERATIONS ....................... 19 2.1 Marriage Culture and wedding customs in Rayya Qobbo ................................................................ 19 2.1.1 Marriage Culture ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.1.2 Mate selection and Betrothal ...................................................................................................... 22 2.1.3 Eji Mäbayya ( Qän Qoräta/Ftetem) ........................................................................................... 25 2.1.4 Wedding Custom........................................................................................................................ 25 2.1.5 Types of Marriage in Rayya Qobbo ......................................................................................... 29 2.2 Funeral, Burial and Mourning Culture .............................................................................................. 32 2.3 Customary Dispute Resolution Methods .......................................................................................... 38 2.4 Heroic Customs ................................................................................................................................ 44 2.4.1 Gaz/ Adal Zämäča or Campaign ................................................................................................ 44 iv 2.4.1 Wäyyanè cultural feud ................................................................................................................ 49 2.5 Traditional Medical Practice and Beliefs .......................................................................................... 51 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 56 SOCIAL PRACTICES, RITUAL AND FESTIVE EVENTS .................................................................... 56 3.1 Religion in Rayya Qobbo .................................................................................................................. 56 3.2 Ritual practices and Traditional beliefs ............................................................................................ 59 3.2.1 Tufita Ceremony ........................................................................................................................ 59 3.2.2 Wädajja ...................................................................................................................................... 62 3.2.4 Erefo Märäba ............................................................................................................................ 71 3.2.5 Dingay Tay ................................................................................................................................. 74 3.3 Soläl, Female‟s Festival .................................................................................................................... 75 CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................................... 81 THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAYYA QOBBO CULTURE AND CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION ...................................................................................................................................................................
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