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The Role of Earthworm Gut-Associated Microorganisms in the Fate of Prions in Soil
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORM GUT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS IN THE FATE OF PRIONS IN SOIL Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Taras Jur’evič Nechitaylo aus Krasnodar, Russland 2 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Timmis for his guidance in the work and help. I thank Peter N. Golyshin for patience and strong support on this way. Many thanks to my other colleagues, which also taught me and made the life in the lab and studies easy: Manuel Ferrer, Alex Neef, Angelika Arnscheidt, Olga Golyshina, Tanja Chernikova, Christoph Gertler, Agnes Waliczek, Britta Scheithauer, Julia Sabirova, Oleg Kotsurbenko, and other wonderful labmates. I am also grateful to Michail Yakimov and Vitor Martins dos Santos for useful discussions and suggestions. I am very obliged to my family: my parents and my brother, my parents on low and of course to my wife, which made all of their best to support me. 3 Summary.....................................................………………………………………………... 5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................……... 7 Prion diseases: early hypotheses...………...………………..........…......…......……….. 7 The basics of the prion concept………………………………………………….……... 8 Putative prion dissemination pathways………………………………………….……... 10 Earthworms: a putative factor of the dissemination of TSE infectivity in soil?.………. 11 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Materials and Methods.............................…......................................................……….. 17 2.1 Sampling and general experimental design..................................................………. 17 2.2 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)………..……………………….………. 18 2.2.1 FISH with soil, intestine, and casts samples…………………………….……... 18 Isolation of cells from environmental samples…………………………….………. -
1 Microbial Transformations of Organic Chemicals in Produced Fluid From
Microbial transformations of organic chemicals in produced fluid from hydraulically fractured natural-gas wells Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Morgan V. Evans Graduate Program in Environmental Science The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee Professor Paula Mouser, Advisor Professor Gil Bohrer, Co-Advisor Professor Matthew Sullivan, Member Professor Ilham El-Monier, Member Professor Natalie Hull, Member 1 Copyrighted by Morgan Volker Evans 2019 2 Abstract Hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies have greatly improved the production of oil and natural-gas from previously inaccessible non-permeable rock formations. Fluids comprised of water, chemicals, and proppant (e.g., sand) are injected at high pressures during hydraulic fracturing, and these fluids mix with formation porewaters and return to the surface with the hydrocarbon resource. Despite the addition of biocides during operations and the brine-level salinities of the formation porewaters, microorganisms have been identified in input, flowback (days to weeks after hydraulic fracturing occurs), and produced fluids (months to years after hydraulic fracturing occurs). Microorganisms in the hydraulically fractured system may have deleterious effects on well infrastructure and hydrocarbon recovery efficiency. The reduction of oxidized sulfur compounds (e.g., sulfate, thiosulfate) to sulfide has been associated with both well corrosion and souring of natural-gas, and proliferation of microorganisms during operations may lead to biomass clogging of the newly created fractures in the shale formation culminating in reduced hydrocarbon recovery. Consequently, it is important to elucidate microbial metabolisms in the hydraulically fractured ecosystem. -
Representatives of the Prokaryotic (Chapter 12) and Archaeal (Chapter 13) Domains (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
Representatives of the Prokaryotic (Chapter 12) and Archaeal (Chapter 13) Domains (Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology: Kingdom: Procaryotae (9th Edition) XIII Kingdoms p. 351-471 Sectn. Group of Bacteria Subdivisions(s) Brock Text Examples of Genera Gram Stain Morphology (plus distinguishing characteristics) Important Features Phototrophic bacteria Chromatiaceae 356 Purple sulfur bacteria Gram Anoxygenic photosynthesis Bacterial chl. a and b Purple nonsulfur bacteria; photoorganotrophic for reduced nucleotides; oxidize 12.2 Anaerobic (Chromatiun; Allochromatium) Negative Spheres, rods, spirals (S inside or outside)) H2S as electron donor for CO2 anaerobic photosynthesis for ATP Purple Sulfur Bacteria Anoxic - develop well in meromictic lakes - layers - fresh S inside the cells except for Ectothiorhodospira 354 Table 12.2 p.354 above sulfate layers - Figs. 12.4, 12.5 Major membrane structures Fig.12..3 -- light required. Purple Non-Sulfur Rhodospirillales 358 Rhodospirillum, Rhodobacter Gram Diverse morphology from rods (Rhodopseudomonas) to Anoxygenic photosynthesis Bacteria Table 12.3 p. 354, 606 Rhodopseudomonas Negative spirals Fig. 12.6 H2, H2S or S serve as H donor for reduction of CO2; 358 82-83 Photoheterotrophy - light as energy source but also directly use organics 12.3 Nitrifying Bacteria Nitrobacteraceae Nitrosomonas Gram Wide spread , Diverse (rods, cocci, spirals); Aerobic Obligate chemolithotroph (inorganic eN’ donors) 6 Chemolithotrophic (nitrifying bacteria) 361 Nitrosococcus oceani - Fig.12.7 negative ! ammonia [O] = nitrosofyers - (NH3 NO2) Note major membranes Fig. 12,7) 6 359 bacteria Inorganic electron (Table 12.4) Nitrobacterwinograskii - Fig.12.8 ! nitrite [O]; = nitrifyers ;(NO2 NO3) Soil charge changes from positive to negative donors Energy generation is small Difficult to see growth. - Use of silica gel. -
Wo 2010/132341 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 18 November 2010 (18.11.2010) WO 2010/132341 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 15/65 (2006.01) C12P 21/04 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US20 10/034201 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 10 May 2010 (10.05.2010) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/177,267 11 May 2009 ( 11.05.2009) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, PFENEX, INC. [US/US]; 5501 Oberlin Drive, San ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, Diego, CA 92121 (US). -
Open NAL Thesis V6.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering CLASSIFICATION OF POLYPHOSPHATE-ACCUMULATING BACTERIA IN BENTHIC BIOFILMS A Thesis in Environmental Engineering by Nicholas Locke 2015 Nicholas Locke Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2015 ii The thesis of Nicholas Locke was reviewed and approved* by the following: John Regan Professor of Environmental Engineering Thesis Advisor William Burgos Professor of Environmental Engineering Chair of Civil and Environmental Engineering Graduate Programs Anthony Buda Adjunct Assistant Professor of Ecosystem Science and Management *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) are microorganisms known to store excess phosphorus (P) as polyphosphate (poly-P) in environments subject to alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions. There has been considerable research on PAOs in biological wastewater treatment systems, but very little investigation of these microbes in freshwater systems. We hypothesize that putative PAOs in benthic biofilms of shallow streams where daily light cycles induce alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions are similar to those found in EBPR. To test this hypothesis, cells with poly-P inclusions were isolated, classified, and described. Eight benthic biofilms taken from a first-order stream in Mahantango Creek Watershed (Klingerstown, PA) represented high and low P loadings from a series of four flumes and were found to contain 0.39 - 6.19% PAOs. A second set of eight benthic biofilms from locations selected by Carrick and Price (2011) were from third- order streams in Pennsylvania and contained 11-48% putative PAOs based on flow cytometry particle counts. -
Cluster 1 Cluster 3 Cluster 2
5 9 Luteibacter yeojuensis strain SU11 (Ga0078639_1004, 2640590121) 7 0 Luteibacter rhizovicinus DSM 16549 (Ga0078601_1039, 2631914223) 4 7 Luteibacter sp. UNCMF366Tsu5.1 (FG06DRAFT_scaffold00001.1, 2595447474) 5 5 Dyella japonica UNC79MFTsu3.2 (N515DRAFT_scaffold00003.3, 2558296041) 4 8 100 Rhodanobacter sp. Root179 (Ga0124815_151, 2699823700) 9 4 Rhodanobacter sp. OR87 (RhoOR87DRAFT_scaffold_21.22, 2510416040) Dyella japonica DSM 16301 (Ga0078600_1041, 2640844523) Dyella sp. OK004 (Ga0066746_17, 2609553531) 9 9 9 3 Xanthomonas fuscans (007972314) 100 Xanthomonas axonopodis (078563083) 4 9 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae KACC10331 (NC_006834, 637633170) 100 100 Xanthomonas albilineans USA048 (Ga0078502_15, 2651125062) 5 6 Xanthomonas translucens XT123 (Ga0113452_1085, 2663222128) 6 5 Lysobacter enzymogenes ATCC 29487 (Ga0111606_103, 2678972498) 100 Rhizobacter sp. Root1221 (056656680) Rhizobacter sp. Root1221 (Ga0102088_103, 2644243628) 100 Aquabacterium sp. NJ1 (052162038) Aquabacterium sp. NJ1 (Ga0077486_101, 2634019136) Uliginosibacterium gangwonense DSM 18521 (B145DRAFT_scaffold_15.16, 2515877853) 9 6 9 7 Derxia lacustris (085315679) 8 7 Derxia gummosa DSM 723 (H566DRAFT_scaffold00003.3, 2529306053) 7 2 Ideonella sp. B508-1 (I73DRAFT_BADL01000387_1.387, 2553574224) Zoogloea sp. LCSB751 (079432982) PHB-accumulating bacterium (PHBDraf_Contig14, 2502333272) Thiobacillus sp. 65-1059 (OJW46643.1) 8 4 Dechloromonas aromatica RCB (NC_007298, 637680051) 8 4 7 7 Dechloromonas sp. JJ (JJ_JJcontig4, 2506671179) Dechloromonas RCB 100 Azoarcus -
Rapid Annotation Manuscript Finalcomplete
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Previously Published Works Title Rapid annotation of nifH gene sequences using classification and regression trees facilitates environmental functional gene analysis. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/70d614rx Journal Environmental microbiology reports, 8(5) ISSN 1758-2229 Authors Frank, Ildiko E Turk-Kubo, Kendra A Zehr, Jonathan P Publication Date 2016-10-01 DOI 10.1111/1758-2229.12455 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Rapid annotation of nifH gene sequences using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) facilitates environmental functional gene analysis Ildiko E. Frank, Kendra A. Turk-Kubo, Jonathan P. Zehr Affiliation: Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA Corresponding author: Ildiko Frank; email: [email protected]; cell: 650-796-3509; mail: 790 Esplanada Way, Stanford, CA 94305 Running title: Rapid nifH annotation 1 1 Summary 2 The nifH gene is a widely used molecular proxy for studying nitrogen fixation. 3 Phylogenetic classification of nifH gene sequences is an essential step in diazotroph community 4 analysis that requires a fast automated solution due to increasing size of environmental sequence 5 libraries and increasing yield of nifH sequences from high-throughput technologies. We present a 6 novel approach to rapidly classify nifH amino acid sequences into well-defined phylogenetic 7 clusters that provides a common platform for comparative analysis across studies. Phylogenetic 8 group membership can be accurately predicted with decision tree-type statistical models that 9 identify and utilize signature residues in the amino acid sequences. Our classification models 10 were trained and evaluated with a publicly available and manually curated nifH gene database 11 containing cluster annotations. -
Aquatic Microbial Ecology 79:115–125 (2017)
The following supplement accompanies the article Unique and highly variable bacterial communities inhabiting the surface microlayer of an oligotrophic lake Mylène Hugoni, Agnès Vellet, Didier Debroas* *Corresponding author: [email protected] Aquatic Microbial Ecology 79:115–125 (2017) Table S1. Phylogenetic affiliation of the surface micro-layer (SML) specific OTUs, the epilimnion (E) specific OTUs and shared to both layers. OTUs number Taxonomic Affiliation Surface microlayer Epilimnion Shared Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Acidobacteriales;Acidobacteriaceae (Subgroup 1);Granulicella; 2 0 0 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Acidobacteriales;Acidobacteriaceae (Subgroup 1);uncultured; 1 0 0 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;JG37-AG-116; 24 0 0 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup 13; 0 1 0 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup 3;Family Incertae Sedis;Bryobacter; 0 0 1 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup 3;SJA-149; 0 1 1 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup 4;RB41; 0 1 0 Acidobacteria;Acidobacteria;Subgroup 6; 0 0 1 Actinobacteria;AcI;AcI-A; 0 4 13 Actinobacteria;AcI;AcI-A;AcI-A3; 0 4 0 Actinobacteria;AcI;AcI-A;AcI-A5; 3 1 1 Actinobacteria;AcI;AcI-A;AcI-A7; 0 1 0 Actinobacteria;AcI;AcI-B;AcI-B1; 0 8 1 Actinobacteria;AcI;AcI-B;AcI-B2; 0 7 0 Actinobacteria;Acidimicrobia;Acidimicrobiales;Acidimicrobiaceae;CL500-29 marine group; 7 34 11 Actinobacteria;Acidimicrobia;Acidimicrobiales;Family Incertae Sedis;Candidatus Microthrix; 0 1 0 Actinobacteria;Acidimicrobia;Acidimicrobiales;uncultured; 0 4 1 Actinobacteria;AcIV; 0 2 0 Actinobacteria;AcIV;Iluma-A2; -
Non -Supplemented’ Represents the Unamended Sediment
Figure S1: Control microcosms for the ibuprofen degradation experiment (Fig. 1). ‘Non -supplemented’ represents the unamended sediment. The abiotic controls ‘Sorption’ and ‘Hydrolysis’ contained autoclaved sediment and river water, respectively, and were amended with 200 µM ibuprofen. Value s are the arithmetic means of three replicate incubations. Red and blue-headed arrows indicate sampling of the sediment for nucleic acids extraction after third and fifth re-spiking, respectively. Error bars indicating standard deviations are smaller than the size of the symbols and therefore not apparent. Transformation products Transformation Transformation products Figure S3: Copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA detected in total bacterial community. Sample code: A, amended with 1 mM acetate and ibuprofen per feeding; 0, 5, 40, 200, and 400, indicate supplemental ibuprofen concentrations of 0 µM, 5 µM,40 µM, 200 µM and 400 µM, respectively, given per feeding; 0’, 3’, and 5’, correspond to samples obtained at the start of the incubation, and after the third and fifth refeeding, respectively. Sampling times for unamended controls were according to those of the 400 µM ibuprofen treatment. Values are the arithmetic average of three replicates. Error bars indicate standard deviation values. Figure S4: Alpha diversity and richness estimators of 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA obtained from Illumina amplicon sequencing. Sample code: A, amended with 1 mM acetate and ibuprofen per feeding; 0, 5, 40, 200, and 400, indicate supplemental ibuprofen concentrations of 0 µM, 5 µM, 40 µM, 200 µM and 400 µM, respectively, given per feeding; 0’, 3’, and 5’, correspond to samples obtained at the start of the incubation, and after the third and fifth refeeding, respectively. -
Development of a PCR-Based Method for Monitoring the Status of Alcaligenes Species in the Agricultural Environment
Biocontrol Science, 2014, Vol. 19, No. 1, 23-31 Original Development of a PCR-Based Method for Monitoring the Status of Alcaligenes Species in the Agricultural Environment MIYO NAKANO1, MASUMI NIWA2, AND NORIHIRO NISHIMURA1* 1 Department of Translational Medical Science and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan 2 DESIGNER FOODS. Co., Ltd. NALIC207, Chikusa 2-22-8, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0858, Japan Received 1 April, 2013/Accepted 14 September, 2013 To analyze the status of the genus Alcaligenes in the agricultural environment, we developed a PCR method for detection of these species from vegetables and farming soil. The selected PCR primers amplified a 107-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene in a specific PCR assay with a detection limit of 1.06 pg of pure culture DNA, corresponding to DNA extracted from approxi- mately 23 cells of Alcaligenes faecalis. Meanwhile, PCR primers generated a detectable amount of the amplicon from 2.2×102 CFU/ml cell suspensions from the soil. Analysis of vegetable phyl- loepiphytic and farming soil microbes showed that bacterial species belonging to the genus Alcaligenes were present in the range from 0.9×100 CFU per gram( or cm2)( Japanese radish: Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) to more than 1.1×104 CFU/g( broccoli flowers: Brassica oleracea var. italic), while 2.4×102 to 4.4×103 CFU/g were detected from all soil samples. These results indicated that Alcaligenes species are present in the phytosphere at levels 10–1000 times lower than those in soil. -
Reclassification of Beijerinckia Fluminensis CIP 106281T and Beijerinckia
1 Reclassification of Beijerinckia fluminensis CIP 106281T and Beijerinckia 2 fluminensis UQM 1685T as Rhizobium radiobacter strains, and proposal of 3 Beijerinckia fluminensis LMG 2819 as Beijerinckia doebereinerae sp. nov. 4 5 Monike Oggerin1, David R. Arahal2, Víctor Rubio3, Irma Marín1* 6 7 1Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 8 28049 Madrid, Spain 9 2Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT) and Department of Microbiology and Ecology, 10 University of Valencia, Campus de Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain 11 3Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Centro de Ciencias Medio Ambientales, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, 12 Spain 13 14 15 Running title: Beijerinckia doebereinerae sp. nov. 16 17 Correspondence: Irma Marín 18 e-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +34 914978078. Fax: +34 914978300 19 20 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Footnote: The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of 22 strain LMG 2819T, UQM 1685 and CIP 106281 are EU401905, EU401907 and EU401908 23 respectively. 24 Transmission electron micrographs of strains LMG 2819T and UQM 1685 are available as a 25 supplementary figure in IJSEM Online. 26 26 During the course of a research project with free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria we 27 determined the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains Beijerinckia fluminensis UQM 1685T 28 and B. fluminensis CIP 106281T and discovered that they were only 90.6-91.2 % similar to 29 the sequences of other Beijerinckia species and subspecies. Moreover, the highest 30 similarity to these sequences (99.7 %) corresponded to Rhizobium radiobacter (including 31 Agrobacterium tumefaciens). Other diagnostic features confirmed that both strains have 32 the same origin but do not descend from the nomenclatural type. -
Outline Release 7 7C
Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea, Release 7.7 Taxonomic Outline of the Bacteria and Archaea, Release 7.7 March 6, 2007. Part 4 – The Bacteria: Phylum “Proteobacteria”, Class Betaproteobacteria George M. Garrity, Timothy G. Lilburn, James R. Cole, Scott H. Harrison, Jean Euzéby, and Brian J. Tindall Class Betaproteobacteria VP Garrity et al 2006. N4Lid DOI: 10.1601/nm.16162 Order Burkholderiales VP Garrity et al 2006. N4Lid DOI: 10.1601/nm.1617 Family Burkholderiaceae VP Garrity et al 2006. N4Lid DOI: 10.1601/nm.1618 Genus Burkholderia VP Yabuuchi et al. 1993. GOLD ID: Gi01836. GCAT ID: 001596_GCAT. Sequenced strain: SRMrh-20 is from a non-type strain. Genome sequencing is incomplete. Number of genomes of this species sequenced 2 (GOLD) 1 (NCBI). N4Lid DOI: 10.1601/nm.1619 Burkholderia cepacia VP (Palleroni and Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi et al. 1993. <== Pseudomonas cepacia (basonym). Synonym links through N4Lid: 10.1601/ex.2584. Source of type material recommended for DOE sponsored genome sequencing by the JGI: ATCC 25416. High-quality 16S rRNA sequence S000438917 (RDP), U96927 (Genbank). GOLD ID: Gc00309. GCAT ID: 000301_GCAT. Entrez genome id: 10695. Sequenced strain: ATCC 17760, LMG 6991, NCIMB9086 is from a non-type strain. Genome sequencing is completed. Number of genomes of this species sequenced 1 (GOLD) 1 (NCBI). N4Lid DOI: 10.1601/nm.1620 Pseudomonas cepacia VP (ex Burkholder 1950) Palleroni and Holmes 1981. ==> Burkholderia cepacia (new combination). Synonym links through N4Lid: 10.1601/ex.2584. Source of type material recommended for DOE sponsored genome sequencing by the JGI: ATCC 25416. High- quality 16S rRNA sequence S000438917 (RDP), U96927 (Genbank).