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Holoplanktonic Polychaetes from the Gulf of California: August-September 1977

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Holoplanktonic Polychaetes from the Gulf of California: August-September 1977 ALAMO: HOLOPLANKTONICPOLYCHAETES FROM GULF OF CALIFORNIA: 1977 CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 32,1991 HOLOPLANKTONIC POLYCHAETES FROM THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA: AUGUST-SEPTEMBER 1977 M ANA FERNANDEZ ALAMO Laboratorio de Invertebrados Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM A P. 70-371, Mexico, D E 04510 ABSTRACT men islands; Treadwell (1929) described Cevatoneveis This study is based on zooplankton samples col- singularis from San Jose and Carmen islands; and lected by Instituto Nacional de Pesca, Mexico Steinbeck and Ricketts (1971) recorded pelagic (August-September 1977) with a standard open net, forms of Cevatonereis tentaculata, Platyneveis polis- at 41 stations in the epipelagic region of the Gulf of calma, I? agassizi, Pevineveis sp., Neanthes sp., and a California. The seventeen species of holoplanktonic pelagic form of Alnhlyosyllis sp. from La Paz and polychaetes that were determined represent new Cab0 San Lucas. records from this region. Tomoptevisplanktonis, with No records of holoplanktonic species of the fami- a relative abundance of 73%, and 85% of occur- lies Tomopteridae, Alciopidae, Lopadorhynchidae, rence, was the dominant species. Typhloscolecidae, Pontodoridae, and Iospilidae With respect to their biogeographical affinities, have been found. most species belong to a subtropical-tropical pat- In general, knowledge of the pelagic polychaetes tern, three species are true cosmopolitans, and two in the Pacific Ocean is contained in a few papers. have warm-water affinities. The data agree with the Dales (1957) included literature records and reported general patterns of distribution recorded for other the distribution of the species in the northeast Pa- groups of zooplankton in the epipelagic region of cific, from Cape Disappointment, Oregon (about the Gulf of California. 47"N), to Punta Eugenia, Mexico (about 27"N). Tebble (1962) analyzed the distribution of these ani- RESUMEN mals in the North Pacific, and FernAndez (1983) in Este estudio se bas6 en las muestras de zooplancton the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The purpose of this recolectadas por el Instituto Nacional de Pesca, report is to extend our knowledge ofthe distribution Mexico, en agosto-septiembre de 1977, con una red patterns of these annelids to the Gulf of California. estandar, en 41 estaciones en la regidn epipeligica del Golfo de California. Se determinaron diecisiete es- METHODS pecies de poliquetos holoplant6nicos, que constitu- The plankton samples examined were collected yen nuevos registros para esta region. Tomopteris from the R/V Antonio Alzate, Instituto Nacional de planktonis fue la especie dominante, con una abun- Pesca, Mexico, between August 27 and September dancia relativa de 73% y una ocurrencia de 85%. 6, 1977, on Cruise AA-77-04 in the Gulf of Califor- Por sus afinidades biogeogrificas la mayoria de nia. The locations of the stations from which sam- las especies pertenecen a1 patrdn subtropical-tropi- ples were collected are shown in figure 1. Oblique cal, tres especies son verdaderamente cosmopolitas, net tows were taken from the epipelagic region (0- y dos tienen afinidad por aguas cilidas. Estos datos 200 in) with a standard open net (1-m diam., 0.5- coinciden con 10s patrones generales de distribucidn mm mesh size) fitted with a flowmeter in its mouth. observados en otros grupos del zooplancton en la The samples were preserved in 4% seawater For- regidn epipel Agica del Golfo de California. malin and neutralized with a borax-saturated solu- tion. The pelagic polychaetes were sorted out from INTRODUCTION the total sample, identified, and counted. Estimates Little information is available on the distribution of abundance were standardized to 1000 m3 of water of the pelagic polychaetes from the Gulf of Califor- strained; ranges of abundance follow Frontier nia. Of the pelagic forms of benthic species, species (1969): 1-3, rare; 4-18, low; 19-80, intermediate; of the families Nereidae and Syllidae were recorded and 81-350, high. by Gravier (1901), who described a Heteronereid A report containing hydrographic data has been form collected by Diguet between Loreto and Car- issued for Antonio Alzate Cruise AA-77-04 by Al- varez (1988). The distribution of temperature and salinity isolines at 10-m and 50-m depths are shown [Manuscript received February 19,1991.1 in figures 2 and 3. 97 ALAMO: HOLOPLANKTONICPOLYCHAETES FROM GULF OF CALIFORNIA: 1977 CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 32,1991 ~~ ~~~ I I I 0 w I I I 0 , 112 111 110 109 GULF OF CALIFORNIA a CRUlSE AA-77-04 AUG. 27-SEPT. 6, 1977 47 Figure 1. Locations of stations for zooplankton sampling. Numbers along the coast designate latitudinaltransects. RESULTS Seventeen species were determined from the sam- ples; they belong to twelve genera and five families of holoplanktonic polychaetes, which are listed in table 1. Dales and Peter (1972) provide a synopsis of the species belonging to these families. These spe- cies had not been previously recorded from the Gulf of California; their ranges of distribution have now been extended to this biogeographically important region. One species, Tomoptevis planktonis, clearly domi- nated in the survey area, being the most abundant Figure 2. Distribution of isolines at 10-m depth in the Gulf of California: and widespread; it showed an overall relative abun- a, temperature;b, salinity (from Alvarez 1988). dance of 73%, and an occurrence of 85% (figure 4). In most samples Tplanktonis had intermediate abun- middle region of the gulf, it had high abundance dance, but at four localities in the center of the (figure 5). 98 ALAMO: HOLOPLANKTONICPOLYCHAETES FROM GULF OF CALIFORNIA: 1977 CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 32,1991 -1 I I I \ 2p 11 111 110 109 Figure 3. Distribution of isolines at 50-m depth in the Gulf of California: a,temperature; b, salinity (from Alvarez 1988) SPECI ES 0 20 40 60 80 100 PLOTOHELMIS CAPITATA RHYNCHONERELLA GRACILIS R, PETERS1 VANADIS STUDERI v, MINUTA ALCIOPINA PARASITICA KROtiN I A L E P I DOTA LOPADORHYNCHUS HENSENI L I UNCI NATUS L, BREVIS TOMOPTERISPLANKTONIS Tu NATIONALIS SAGITELLA KOWALEWSKI TYPHLOSCOLEXMULLER1 TRAVISIOPSISDUBIA PHALACROPHORUS UNIFORMIS IOSPILUS PHALACROIDES 0 20 40 60 80 100 aRelative abundance Occurrence Figure 4. Relative abundance and occurrence of the species of holoplanktonic polychaetes from the Gulf of California during August-September 1977 99 ALAMO: HOLOPLANKTONIC POLYCHAETES FROM GULF OF CALIFORNIA: 1977 CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 32,1991 CRUISE A A- 7 7 - 04 AUG.27- SEPT. 6,1977 23' ri3* 112. IO' ,,O' 109. ,010 I I I I I 1 Figure 5. Distribution and density (individuals/1000 m3) of Tomopteris plank- Figure 6. Distribution and density (individuals/1000 rn') of Sagitella kOWa- tonis [circles) and T. nationalis [squares). lewski (circles), Typhloscolex muller; (diamonds), and Travisiopsis dubia (squares). TABLE 1 Guaymas (28'N, eastern side ofgulf), and the south- New Records of Holoplanktonic Polychaeta from the ernmost transects of the survey area (across the gulf, Gulf of California more or less between 23'40' and 24'40") where it Family Tomopteridae Family Lopadorhynchidae was consistently present. Abundance was low at Tomopteris planktonis Lopadorhyuclzus hetzserii most stations, but at an eastern locality - offshore 7: izafiorralis L. brevis Family Typhloscolecidae L. unciizatus of Altamura Island (25'N) -it had an intermediate Typhlosrolrx mullrri Family Iospilidae abundance (figure 5). Although most Pacific Ocean Sagitella kowalewski Iospilus phalacroides records treat T nationalis as T apsteini Rosa, 1908, Travisiopsis dubia Phalarrophorus uuijormis Family Alciopidae Day (1967) has stated that ?: apsteini is probably syn- Alciopiira parasitica onymous with 7: nationalis, and Fernindez (1983) Rhyrrchorzerella pefcrsi has agreed with this opinion. R. gracilis I/arzadis studeri Third in order of occurrence (39%) in the study r mirzrtra region was Sagitella kowalewski. This species had a Plotohelnlis rapitata distribution similar to that of 7: nationalis and was Kro hnia lep idofa ~~~~~~~ usually present in low abundance; it was somewhat more abundant at a few stations from the mid-gulf Second in order of abundance and of occurrence region (figure 6). (50%) was another species of Tomopteridae, 7: The following species had a range of occurrence nationalis Apstein, 1900; this was found between between 15% and 3lo/o, and were low in abundance: 100 ALAMO: HOLOPLANKTONIC POLYCHAETES FROM GULF OF CALIFORNIA: 1977 CalCOFl Rep., Vol. 32,1991 CRUISE AA- 77-04 CRUISE AA- 7 7 - 04 AUG.27- SEPT. 6,1977 Figure 7. Distribution and density (individuals/1000 m3)of Alciopina parasitica Figure 0. Distribution and density (individuals11000 m3) of Rhynchonerella (circles), Plotohelmis capitata (squares), Vanadis studeri (diamonds), and gracilis (circles), R. petersi (diamonds), and Vanadis rninuta (square). Krohnia lepidota (star). Alciopina pavasitica, Lopadovhynchus henseni, Rhyncho- tween Santa Rosalia and Guaymas; the others were nevella petevsi, R. gracilis, Vunadis studeri, Phulacvopho- in the southwestern part of the gulf (figure 7). This viis unifovmis, Typhloscolex mullevi, and species was first recorded in the Pacific Ocean as Lopadovhynchus bveilis. Some of these were distrib- Rhynchonevella fulgens (Izuka 1914). uted mainly in two areas: the middle region of the Lopadovhynchus uncinatus, Vanadis rninuta, Kvohnia gulf (26O-27.5"N) over the Guaymas Basin, and the lep idota , Iosp ilus p halacvo ides, and Tvavisiopsis dubia southern region (24"-25.5"N) encompassed by lines were each found at one or two localities, in low of stations between Espiritu Santo
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