DOCSLIB.ORG

Smalleye Pygmy Shark Squaliolus Aliae Teng, 1959

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Smalleye Pygmy Shark Squaliolus Aliae Teng, 1959 Contribution No. 654 Threats Because of its small size, it is only occasionally taken by fisheries. Conservation measures None. Literature Last and Stevens (1994). ■■■ ■■■ ■■■ ■■■ ■■■ Smalleye Pygmy Shark Squaliolus aliae Teng, 1959 Michelle R. Heupel Red List assessment Global: Least Concern Rationale Squaliolus aliae has a patchy, but wide distribution throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Possibly the smallest known living shark, its size means it is irregularly taken in fisheries. Based on this and its wide range this species is classified as Least Concern. Distribution Regional: Australia (isolated records off WA, NSW and QLD) (Kyne et al. in prep.; Last and Stevens 1994). Global: Indo-West Pacific, restricted to separate regions in Australia, the Philippines and Japan. FAO Areas 57, 61, 71 and 81. Habitat and ecology Squaliolus aliae is epipelagic or mesopelagic near land masses. It is thought to use a depth range from 200–2,000m. Individuals are thought to make daily migrations from shallow depths at night to deeper waters during the day. This is possibly the smallest living shark attaining a size of ~22cm TL with males maturing at 15cm TL. Females are ovoviviparous but litter sizes are unknown. The biology of this species is almost entirely unknown. Threats There are currently no fisheries threats identified for this species. Conservation measures None. Literature Kyne et al. (in prep.); Last and Stevens (1994). 36 ORDER PRISTIOPHORIFORMES FAMILY PRISTIOPHORIDAE ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Eastern Sawshark Pristiophorus sp. A [Last & Stevens, 1994] Michelle R. Heupel Red List assessment Global: Near Threatened Rationale Pristiophorus sp. A is an endemic species found only in a small region off the east coast of Australia on the continental shelf and upper slope. The depth range and distribution of the species overlaps with heavily fished areas. Due to its restricted range and susceptibility to capture in commercial fisheries, which may rapidly lead to population depletion, this species is classified as Near Threatened. Distribution Regional endemic: Southeastern Australia. Restricted to a confined region between Lakes Entrance (VIC) and Coffs Harbour (NSW). FAO Area 81. Habitat and ecology Pristiophorus sp. A is found in depths ranging from 100–630m. Females grow to at least 107cm TL; no males have been examined to date. The biology of this species is almost entirely unknown. Threats This species may be collected as bycatch in commercial fisheries. Its toothed snout makes it particularly susceptible to netting and trawling activities. Conservation measures None. Literature Last and Stevens (1994). ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Tropical Sawshark Pristiophorus sp. B [Last & Stevens, 1994] Michelle R. Heupel Red List assessment Global: Least Concern Rationale Pristiophorus sp. B is an endemic species known only from off northeastern Australia. Little is known of its biology, other than small size at maturity which may indicate that it is a relatively productive species. Its area of occurrence receives little fishing effort. There are no identifiable threats to the species and, therefore it is classified as Least Concern. Distribution Regional endemic: Northeastern Australia. Restricted to a confined region off the coast of QLD between Rockhampton and Cairns. FAO Area 71. Habitat and ecology Pristiophorus sp. B is found in depths ranging from 300–400m. This species grows to ~84cm TL, with males maturing at ~62cm TL. The biology of this species is almost entirely unknown. Threats This species is unlikely to be collected as bycatch in commercial fisheries since its distribution is outside fished areas. Conservation measures None. Literature Last and Stevens (1994). 37 ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES FAMILY PARASCYLLIIDAE ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Collared Carpet Shark Parascyllium collare Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888 Michelle R. Heupel Red List assessment Global: Least Concern Rationale Parascyllium collare is a little-known small shark endemic to the subtropical to temperate coast of eastern Australia. Although not targeted by fisheries, this hard bottom- living species is commonly taken as bycatch and resides in areas of heavy trawling effort where many commercial species have declined significantly. An assessment of Least Concern is appropriate as this species is not commercially targeted, is typically discarded and is believed to have high survival rates. However, further information should be collected concerning the status of this species as bycatch in trawl fisheries. Distribution Regional endemic: Eastern coast of Australia, from Mooloolaba, southern QLD to Gabo Island, VIC. FAO Areas 71 and 81. Habitat and ecology This species resides on hard bottom areas in temperate waters along the continental shelf in depths of 20–160m. It reaches a maximum size ~87cm TL and is oviparous. Little else is known about the biology of this species. Threats This species is not commercially targeted, is typically discarded and is believed to have high survival rates. Further information should be collected on its presence in trawl fishery bycatch. Conservation measures None. Literature Compagno (2002); Last and Stevens (1994). ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Rusty Carpet Shark Parascyllium ferrugineum McCulloch, 1911 Michelle R. Heupel Red List assessment Global: Least Concern Rationale Parascyllium ferrugineum is a southern Australia endemic with a reasonably wide geographic and bathymetric distribution. Although little is known of this species, it is not targeted by fisheries. Due to its size and depth range, it is unlikely to be largely impacted as a bycatch species in the trawl and gillnet fisheries in this area. Distribution Regional endemic: Southern coast of Australia, from Albany, WA to Gabo Island, VIC, including TAS. FAO Area 57. Habitat and ecology This species resides in temperate waters along the continental shelf in depths of 5– 150m. It reaches a maximum size ~80cm TL, matures by 60cm TL (males) and is oviparous. Little else is known about the biology of this species. Threats Due to the size and depth range of this species it is not commonly collected as bycatch in commercial fisheries. Conservation measures None. Literature Compagno (2002); Last and Stevens (1994). 47 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Indonesian Speckled Carpet Shark Hemiscyllium freycineti (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Peter M. Kyne and Michelle R. Heupel Red List assessment Global: Near Threatened Rationale A largely unknown endemic species from New Guinea. It is apparently common in parts of its range although the shallow water habitat where it occurs is subject to expanding fisheries, including trawling and dynamite fisheries as well as high pollutant loads. This species may also be subject to exploitation by the aquarium industry. Hemiscyllium freycineti requires scientific examination to define its conservation status. Due to its limited range, the high degree of habitat destruction and heavy fishing pressure within the region, there is concern that it may soon become Vulnerable (A3cde). Distribution Regional endemic: Occurs in the Western South Pacific from Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Waigeo) and Papua New Guinea (Trobriand Islands from Kuia Island, Milne Bay and east of Oro Bay). FAO Area 71. Habitat and ecology This species occurs in shallow waters on coral reefs, sandy and grassy substrates. Reaches a maximum size of 72cm TL with the smallest free-living individual recorded at 19cm TL. Males mature at 37–62cm TL. The biology of this species is almost entirely unknown. Threats It is unknown if this species is utilised by the aquarium industry. However, this is a very attractive and hardy species that may be sought after for public and private aquaria. This species is very susceptible to habitat destruction via high pollutant levels and dynamite fishing practices. In addition, regions of the Arafura Sea, where H. freycineti occurs, are subject to heavy trawling, and high pollutant loads into the Gulf of Papua via the Fly River and others are causing large-scale habitat destruction. Conservation measures None. Literature Compagno (2001); Michael (1993). ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Papuan Epaulette Shark Hemiscyllium hallstromi Whitley 1967 Michelle R. Heupel and Peter M. Kyne Red List assessment Global: Vulnerable B1ab(iii) Rationale A largely unknown species endemic to the Gulf of Papua (Papua New Guinea), a limited distribution subject to a high degree of habitat destruction (high pollutant loads and dynamite fishing practices). Gold mining in the Fly River catchment contributes a large pollutant load that drains directly into the Gulf of Papua causing habitat damage. Hemiscyllium hallstromi may also be dependent on coral reef habitats, which are being heavily impacted by pollution and destructive fishing. This species may be subject to exploitation by the aquarium industry, but the extent is unknown. Distribution Regional endemic: Occurs exclusively in Papua New Guinea (Gulf of Papua). FAO Area 71. Habitat and ecology This species resides in coastal tropical waters possibly on coral reefs. Reaches a maximum size of 77cm TL. Males mature at 48–64cm TL. The biology of this species is almost entirely unknown. Threats It is unknown if this species is utilised by the aquarium industry. However, this is a very attractive and hardy species that may be sought after for public and private aquaria. This small population is very susceptible to habitat destruction via high pollutant levels and dynamite fishing practices. Conservation measures None. Literature Compagno (2001). 57 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Epaulette Shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre, 1788) Michael B. Bennett and Peter M. Kyne Red List assessment
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bibliography Database of Living/Fossil Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the Year 2016
    www.shark-references.com Version 13.01.2017 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the year 2016 published by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, 94569 Stephansposching, Germany and Nicolas Straube, Munich, Germany ISSN: 2195-6499 copyright by the authors 1 please inform us about missing papers: [email protected] www.shark-references.com Version 13.01.2017 Abstract: This paper contains a collection of 803 citations (no conference abstracts) on topics related to extant and extinct Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) as well as a list of Chondrichthyan species and hosted parasites newly described in 2016. The list is the result of regular queries in numerous journals, books and online publications. It provides a complete list of publication citations as well as a database report containing rearranged subsets of the list sorted by the keyword statistics, extant and extinct genera and species descriptions from the years 2000 to 2016, list of descriptions of extinct and extant species from 2016, parasitology, reproduction, distribution, diet, conservation, and taxonomy. The paper is intended to be consulted for information. In addition, we provide information on the geographic and depth distribution of newly described species, i.e. the type specimens from the year 1990- 2016 in a hot spot analysis. Please note that the content of this paper has been compiled to the best of our abilities based on current knowledge and practice, however,
    [Show full text]
  • Fig. 125 Sharks of the World, Vol. 2 161 Fig. 125 Orectolobus Sp. A
    click for previous page Sharks of the World, Vol. 2 161 Orectolobus sp. A Last and Stevens, 1994 Fig. 125 Orectolobus sp. A Last and Stevens, 1994, Sharks Rays Australia: 128, pl. 26. Synonyms: None. Other Combinations: None. FAO Names: En - Western wobbegong; Fr - Requin-tapis sombre; Sp - Tapicero occidental. LATERAL VIEW DORSAL VIEW Fig. 125 Orectolobus sp. A UNDERSIDE OF HEAD Field Marks: Flattened benthic sharks with dermal lobes on sides of head, symphysial groove on chin; a strongly contrasting, variegated colour pattern of conspicuous broad dark, dorsal saddles with light spots and deeply corrugated edges but without conspicuous black margins, interspaced with lighter areas and conspicuous light, dark-centred spots but without numerous light O-shaped rings; also, mouth in front of eyes, long, basally branched nasal barbels, nasoral grooves and circumnarial grooves, two rows of enlarged fang-like teeth in upper jaw and three in lower jaw; first dorsal-fin origin over rear half of pelvic-fin bases. Diagnostic Features: Nasal barbels with one small branch. Four dermal lobes below and in front of eye on each side of head; dermal lobes behind spiracles unbranched or weakly branched and slender. Low dermal tubercles or ridges present on back in young, lost in adults. Interdorsal space somewhat shorter than inner margin of first dorsal fin, about one-fourth of first dorsal-fin base. Origin of first dorsal fin over about last third of pelvic-fin base. First dorsal-fin height about three-fourths of base length. Colour: colour pattern very conspicuous and highly variegated, dorsal surface of body with conspicuous broad, dark rectangular saddles with deeply corrugated margins, not black-edged, dotted with light spots but without numerous O-shaped light rings; saddles not ocellate in appearance; interspaces between saddles light, with numerous broad dark blotches.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L
    FA179 Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L. Morris, Elisa J. Livengood, and Frank A. Chapman2 Introduction The Lore of the Shark Sharks are magnificent animals and an exciting group Though it has been some 35 years since the shark in Steven of fishes. As a group, sharks, rays, and skates belong to Spielberg’s Jaws bit into its first unsuspecting ocean swim- the biological taxonomic class called Chondrichthyes, or mer and despite the fact that the risk of shark-bite is very cartilaginous fishes (elasmobranchs). The entire supporting small, fear of sharks still makes some people afraid to swim structure of these fish is composed primarily of cartilage in the ocean. (The chance of being struck by lightning is rather than bone. There are some 400 described species of greater than the chance of shark attack.) The most en- sharks, which come in all different sizes from the 40-foot- grained shark image that comes to a person’s mind is a giant long whale shark (Rhincodon typus) to the 2-foot-long conical snout lined with multiple rows of teeth efficient at marble catshark (Atelomycterus macleayi). tearing, chomping, or crushing prey, and those lifeless and staring eyes. The very adaptations that make sharks such Although sharks have been kept in public aquariums successful predators also make some people unnecessarily since the 1860s, advances in marine aquarium systems frightened of them. This is unfortunate, since sharks are technology and increased understanding of shark biology interesting creatures and much more than ill-perceived and husbandry now allow hobbyists to maintain and enjoy mindless eating machines.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiscyllium Ocellatum), with Emphasis on Branchial Circulation Kåre-Olav Stensløkken*,1, Lena Sundin2, Gillian M
    The Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 4451-4461 4451 Published by The Company of Biologists 2004 doi:10.1242/jeb.01291 Adenosinergic and cholinergic control mechanisms during hypoxia in the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum), with emphasis on branchial circulation Kåre-Olav Stensløkken*,1, Lena Sundin2, Gillian M. C. Renshaw3 and Göran E. Nilsson1 1Physiology Programme, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041, NO-0316 Oslo Norway and 2Department of Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden and 3Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Griffith University, PMB 50 Gold coast Mail Centre, Queensland, 9726 Australia *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 17 September 2004 Summary Coral reef platforms may become hypoxic at night flow in the longitudinal vessels during hypoxia. In the during low tide. One animal in that habitat, the epaulette second part of the study, we examined the cholinergic shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum), survives hours of severe influence on the cardiovascular circulation during severe hypoxia and at least one hour of anoxia. Here, we examine hypoxia (<0.3·mg·l–1) using antagonists against muscarinic the branchial effects of severe hypoxia (<0.3·mg·oxygen·l–1 (atropine 2·mg·kg–1) and nicotinic (tubocurarine for 20·min in anaesthetized epaulette shark), by measuring 5·mg·kg–1) receptors. Injection of acetylcholine (ACh; –1 ventral and dorsal aortic blood pressure (PVA and PDA), 1·µmol·kg ) into the ventral aorta caused a marked fall in heart rate (fH), and observing gill microcirculation using fH, a large increase in PVA, but small changes in PDA epi-illumination microscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
    An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • NPOA Sharks Booklet.Indd
    National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks) November 2013 South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Tel: 021 402 3911 Fax: +27 21 402 3364 www.daff.gov.za Design and Layout: FNP Communications and Gerald van Tonder Photographs courtesy of: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Craig Smith, Charlene da Silva, Rob Tarr Foreword South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone is endowed with a rich variety of marine living South Africa is signatory to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – voluntarily agreed to by members of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) – and, as such, is committed to the development and implementation of National Plans of Action (NPOAs) as adopted by the twenty-third session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 1999 and endorsed by the FAO Council in June 1999. Seabirds – aimed at reducing incidental catch and promoting the conservation of seabirds Fisheries and now regularly conducts Ecological Risk Assessments for all the commercial practices. Acknowledging the importance of maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem and the possibility of major detrimental effects due to the disappearance of large predators, South from the list of harvestable species. In accordance with international recommendations, South Africa subsequently banned the landing of a number of susceptible shark species, including oceanic whitetip, silky, thresher and hammerhead sharks. improves monitoring efforts for foreign vessels discharging shark products in its ports. To ensure long-term sustainability of valuable, but biologically limited, shark resources The NPOA-Sharks presented here formalises and streamlines ongoing efforts to improve conservation and management of sharks caught in South African waters.
    [Show full text]
  • © Iccat, 2007
    A5 By-catch Species APPENDIX 5: BY-CATCH SPECIES A.5 By-catch species By-catch is the unintentional/incidental capture of non-target species during fishing operations. Different types of fisheries have different types and levels of by-catch, depending on the gear used, the time, area and depth fished, etc. Article IV of the Convention states: "the Commission shall be responsible for the study of the population of tuna and tuna-like fishes (the Scombriformes with the exception of Trichiuridae and Gempylidae and the genus Scomber) and such other species of fishes exploited in tuna fishing in the Convention area as are not under investigation by another international fishery organization". The following is a list of by-catch species recorded as being ever caught by any major tuna fishery in the Atlantic/Mediterranean. Note that the lists are qualitative and are not indicative of quantity or mortality. Thus, the presence of a species in the lists does not imply that it is caught in significant quantities, or that individuals that are caught necessarily die. Skates and rays Scientific names Common name Code LL GILL PS BB HARP TRAP OTHER Dasyatis centroura Roughtail stingray RDC X Dasyatis violacea Pelagic stingray PLS X X X X Manta birostris Manta ray RMB X X X Mobula hypostoma RMH X Mobula lucasana X Mobula mobular Devil ray RMM X X X X X Myliobatis aquila Common eagle ray MYL X X Pteuromylaeus bovinus Bull ray MPO X X Raja fullonica Shagreen ray RJF X Raja straeleni Spotted skate RFL X Rhinoptera spp Cownose ray X Torpedo nobiliana Torpedo
    [Show full text]
  • Etyfish Orectolobifo
    ORECTOLOBIFORMES (Carpet Sharks) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 7.0 - 15 Oct. 2019 Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES Carpet Sharks 7 families · 13 genera · 45 species Family PARASCYLLIIDAE Collared Carpet Sharks 2 genera · 8 species Cirrhoscyllium Smith & Radcliffe 1913 cirrus, curl or tendril, referring to barbels on throat; skylion, Greek for dogfish or small shark, probably from skyllo, to tear or mangle Cirrhoscyllium expolitum Smith & Radcliffe 1913 varnished, referring to how the shark’s body, when dry, “glistens as though varnished, owing to the peculiar character of the dermal denticles” Cirrhoscyllium formosanum Teng 1959 -anum, adjectival suffix: referring to distribution off the coast of Formosa (Taiwan) Cirrhoscyllium japonicum Kamohara 1943 Japanese, known only from Mimase, Shikoku, Japan Parascyllium Gill 1862 para-, near, i.e., related to Scylliorhinus (now in Scyliorhinidae); skylion, Greek for dogfish or small shark, probably from skyllo, to tear or mangle Parascyllium collare Ramsay & Ogilby 1888 collar, referring to prominent dark and unspotted collar around gills Parascyllium elongatum Last & Stevens 2008 prolonged, referring to distinctive, elongate body shape Parascyllium ferrugineum McCulloch 1911 rust-colored, referring to dark brown spots on sides and fins Parascyllium sparsimaculatum Goto & Last 2002 sparsi, sparse; maculatum, spotted, referring to relatively larger (and hence fewer) spots than congeners Parascyllium variolatum (Duméril 1853) spotted, referring to white
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Fishes a Field Guide to Common Species Caught by Bottom, Midwater, and Surface Fishing Cover Photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi), Malcolm Francis
    New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing Cover photos: Top – Kingfish (Seriola lalandi), Malcolm Francis. Top left – Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), Malcolm Francis. Centre – Catch of hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae), Neil Bagley (NIWA). Bottom left – Jack mackerel (Trachurus sp.), Malcolm Francis. Bottom – Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), NIWA. New Zealand fishes A field guide to common species caught by bottom, midwater, and surface fishing New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No: 208 Prepared for Fisheries New Zealand by P. J. McMillan M. P. Francis G. D. James L. J. Paul P. Marriott E. J. Mackay B. A. Wood D. W. Stevens L. H. Griggs S. J. Baird C. D. Roberts‡ A. L. Stewart‡ C. D. Struthers‡ J. E. Robbins NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241 ‡ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6011Wellington ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISBN 978-1-98-859425-5 (print) ISBN 978-1-98-859426-2 (online) 2019 Disclaimer While every effort was made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, Fisheries New Zealand does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information. Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries website at http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-and-resources/publications/ A higher resolution (larger) PDF of this guide is also available by application to: [email protected] Citation: McMillan, P.J.; Francis, M.P.; James, G.D.; Paul, L.J.; Marriott, P.; Mackay, E.; Wood, B.A.; Stevens, D.W.; Griggs, L.H.; Baird, S.J.; Roberts, C.D.; Stewart, A.L.; Struthers, C.D.; Robbins, J.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Guide to the Deep-Sea Cartilaginous Fishes Of
    Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean FAO. 2015. Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, by Ebert, D.A. and Mostarda, E., Rome, Italy. Supervision: Merete Tandstad, Jessica Sanders (FAO, Rome) Technical editor: Edoardo Mostarda (FAO, Rome) Colour illustrations, cover and graphic design: Emanuela D’Antoni (FAO, Rome) This guide was prepared under the “FAO Deep–sea Fisheries Programme” thanks to a generous funding from the Government of Norway (Support to the implementation of the International Guidelines on the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas project) for the purpose of assisting states, institutions, the fishing industry and RFMO/As in the implementation of FAO International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas. It was developed in close collaboration with the FishFinder Programme of the Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The present guide covers the deep–sea Southeastern Atlantic Ocean and that portion of Southwestern Indian Ocean from 18°42’E to 30°00’E (FAO Fishing Area 47). It includes a selection of cartilaginous fish species of major, moderate and minor importance to fisheries as well as those of doubtful or potential use to fisheries. It also covers those little known species that may be of research, educational, and ecological importance. In this region, the deep–sea chondrichthyan fauna is currently represented by 50 shark, 20 batoid and 8 chimaera species. This guide includes full species accounts for 37 shark, 9 batoid and 4 chimaera species selected as being the more difficult to identify and/or commonly caught.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Elasmobranch By-Catch of the Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery (Australia) (Elasmobranch Fisheries – Oral)
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N4718 NAFO SCR Doc. 02/97 SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING – SEPTEMBER 2002 An Overview of the Elasmobranch By-catch of the Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery (Australia) (Elasmobranch Fisheries – Oral) by P. M. Kynea, A.J. Courtneyb, M.J. Campbellb, K.E. Chilcottb, S.W. Gaddesb, C.T. Turnbullc, C.C. Van Der Geestc and M. B. Bennetta a Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia b Southern Fisheries Centre, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 76, Deception Bay, 4508, Queensland, Australia c Northern Fisheries Centre, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, PO Box 5396, Cairns, 4870, Queensland, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery (ETCF) is a complex multi-species and multi-sector fishery operating along Queensland’s eastern coastline, with combined annual landings of close to 10 000 tons. Elasmobranchs represent a relatively small, but potentially ecologically significant component of by-catch in this fishery. At least 94 species of elasmobranchs occur in the managed area of the ECTF and a study has been initiated to examine elasmobranch by-catch in four sectors of the fishery, as part of a larger Queensland Department of Primary Industries by-catch project. A total of 42 elasmobranch and one holocephalan species have been recorded as by- catch in the fishery. Preliminary results from fishery-independent (FI) surveys indicate that elasmobranch by-catch is highly variable between fishery sectors. Elasmobranch by-catch is extremely low in the tiger/Endeavour prawn sector, low in the eastern king prawn – deep water sector (EKP-D), and moderate in the EKP – shallow water sector (EKP-S).
    [Show full text]
  • Iso-Luminance Counterillumination Drove Bioluminescent Shark Radiation
    OPEN Iso-luminance counterillumination drove SUBJECT AREAS: bioluminescent shark radiation ECOLOGICAL Julien M. Claes1, Dan-Eric Nilsson2, Nicolas Straube3, Shaun P. Collin4 &Je´roˆme Mallefet1 MODELLING ICHTHYOLOGY 1Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Earth and Life Institute, Universite´ catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, 2Lund ADAPTIVE RADIATION Vision Group, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden, 3Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA, 4The School of Animal Biology and The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Received 13 November 2013 Counterilluminating animals use ventral photogenic organs (photophores) to mimic the residual downwelling light and cloak their silhouette from upward-looking predators. To cope with variable Accepted conditions of pelagic light environments they typically adjust their luminescence intensity. Here, we found 21 February 2014 evidence that bioluminescent sharks instead emit a constant light output and move up and down in the water Published column to remain cryptic at iso-luminance depth. We observed, across 21 globally distributed shark species, 10 March 2014 a correlation between capture depth and the proportion of a ventral area occupied by photophores. This information further allowed us, using visual modelling, to provide an adaptive explanation for shark photophore pattern diversity: in species facing moderate predation risk from below, counterilluminating photophores were partially co-opted for bioluminescent signalling, leading to complex patterns. In addition Correspondence and to increase our understanding of pelagic ecosystems our study emphasizes the importance of requests for materials bioluminescence as a speciation driver. should be addressed to J.M.C. (julien.m. mong sharks, bioluminescence occurs in two shark families only, the Dalatiidae (kitefin sharks) and the [email protected]) Etmopteridae (lanternsharks), which are among the most enigmatic bioluminescent organisms1–3.
    [Show full text]