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Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná Centro De Educação Comunicação E Artes Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Letras Ní 0 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO OESTE DO PARANÁ CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO COMUNICAÇÃO E ARTES PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS NÍVEL DE MESTRADO E DOUTORADO EM LETRAS ÁREA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO EM LINGUAGEM E SOCIEDADE SAMIR AFONSO DE CARVALHO VISLUMBRES ESTÉTICOS E MERGULHOS POÉTICOS EM ON THE ROAD E HOWL: UMA VIAGEM HISTÓRICO-LITERÁRIA POR JACK KEROUAC E ALLEN GINSBERG CASCAVEL – PR 2017 1 SAMIR AFONSO DE CARVALHO VISLUMBRES ESTÉTICOS E MERGULHOS POÉTICOS EM ON THE ROAD E HOWL: UMA VIAGEM HISTÓRICO-LITERÁRIA POR JACK KEROUAC E ALLEN GINSBERG Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE - para obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras – Nível de Mestrado e Doutorado - Área de Concentração em Linguagem e Sociedade. Linha de Pesquisa: Linguagem Literária e Interfaces Sociais: Estudos Comparados. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Carlos Aissa CASCAVEL– PR 2017 2 3 4 “Nada importa além de minha literatura, depois do amor.” (Jack Kerouac) “A percepção de que mesmo o êxtase visionário é desnecessário porque o universo nem mesmo nasceu e, nesse caso, jamais será aniquilado. O universo é uma ilusão.” (Allen Ginsberg) 5 CARVALHO, Samir Afonso. VISLUMBRES ESTÉTICOS E MERGULHOS POÉTICOS EM ON THE ROAD E HOWL: UMA VIAGEM HISTÓRICO-LITERÁRIA POR JACK KEROUAC E ALLEN GINSBERG. 2017. 174 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Carlos Aissa RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de fazer uma análise dos ideais estéticos de dois autores da Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac e Allen Ginsberg. Para tal, empreendeu-se um estudo comparativo das principais obras de cada autor, a saber, On the Road (1957) e “Howl” (1956), respectivamente. Através de tal estudo, pretende-se delinear a interpretação que cada autor dá aos ideais que os dois compartilham, demonstrar as divergências de compreensão e a efetivação dos ideais nessas duas obras. Além do mais, uma trajetória histórica é traçada em alguns sentidos. Primeiramente, com o objetivo de oferecer base para o trabalho, mostra-se o momento histórico vivido nos Estados Unidos durante o período de formação da geração da qual fazer parte os autores. Também é foco de análise histórica a vida particular de cada autor, suas influências culturais e linguísticas, sua trajetória intelectual. A partir de tal conhecimento, é possível compreender também o processo de formação dos ideais estéticos, tema central dessa dissertação. Também se busca demonstrar a apropriação dos ideais estudados pela geração seguinte à dos escritores analisados: a geração leitora que interpretou as obras de maneira particular. A partir disso deseja-se investigar a reação de cada um dos autores para tal reinterpretação. Em outras palavras, trata-se de uma sondagem profunda dos ideais estéticos de dois artistas, sua formação e sua perpetuação. Os principais documentos e textos utilizados para o desenvolvimento da análise acima descrita foram: diários particulares para delinear no tempo as nuances de pensamento sobre suas próprias práticas artísticas, correspondências trocadas entre os autores para demonstrar como os pensamentos dos dois dialogavam e confrontavam um com o outro, artigos de jornais e revistas da época para desvelar a recepção que os autores tiveram e elucubrações diversas sobre os textos estudados, além de biografias para embasar os demais estudos com fundamentação histórica. Palavras chave: Jack Kerouac. Allen Ginsberg. Beat Generation. Ideais Estéticos. Prosódia Bop Espontânea. 6 CARVALHO, Samir Afonso. AESTHETICAL GLIMPSES AND POETICAL PLUNGES IN ON THE ROAD AND HOWL: A HISTORICAL-LITERARY TRIP THROUGH JACK KEROUAC AND ALLEN GINSBERG. 2017. 174 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Letras) – Universidade do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Carlos Aissa ABSTRACT: The objective of this work is to analyze the aesthetic ideals of two writers of the Beat Generation: Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg. With such an objective in mind, their two main works, On the Road and Howl, respectively, were studied comparatively. Through this study, we tried to delineate the interpretation that each author gives to these ideals they share, showing the divergences of understanding and materialization of such ideals in these two works. Besides, there is a historical trajectory. Firstly, building a strong base for the work, we analyze the historical period in America during the moment of formation of the generation. The historical focus then shifts to the private lives of each author, their cultural and linguistic influences, their intellectual itineraries. From that knowledge, it is also possible to understand the process of formation of the ideals themselves, central theme of this dissertation. We also tried to show how the next generations got hold of the ideals studied here, how the readers interpreted those artistic works in an individual way. From that, the authors’ reaction to this reinterpretation is reflected upon. In other words, this work is a deep survey of the aesthetic ideals of two artists, their formation and perpetuation. The main documents and texts used in the development of the analysis described above were: private journals to trace in time the transition of thoughts on their own artistic practices, letters exchanged between the two artists to demonstrate how their thoughts communicated and diverged in certain aspects, articles from newspapers and magazines to show the reception they had at the time and what others thought of the texts we studied, and biographies to base the text with history fundamentals. Key-words: Jack Kerouac. Allen Ginsberg. Beat Generation. Aesthetic ideals. Spontaneous Bop Prosody. 7 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO……………………………….…………………………………………………8 1 APRESENTAÇÃO: UMA GERAÇÃO E OUTRAS MENTES.....................................19 2 KEROUAC E GINSBERG: HISTÓRIA DE TIMBRES E VOZES................................36 2.1 Métodos e corpos, estradas e uivos: encarnações estéticas...................................48 3 PLURALIDADE E TÓPICOS ESTÉTICOS: NOVAS VIBRAÇÕES QUE INVADEM PÁGINAS.......................................................................................................................52 3.1 Musicalidade: sopros, palavras, notas e sílabas......................................................65 3.2 A pureza da estrada: sonhar, despertar e tropeçar..................................................83 3.3 As portas da percepção: paraísos artificiais, rosas e enigmas.................................92 3.4 O culto do herói: gênios, genitais, kirilov e semideuses.........................................104 3.5 Camerados: diálogos controversos em prosa e verso...........................................114 4 ESTÉTICAS MIMETIZADAS: CONTINUAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIAS DESCONTÍNUAS.........................................................................................................124 4.1 Morte por complicações incompreendidas.............................................................132 4.2 Um minuto de réplica para o réu............................................................................137 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS.........................................................................................142 REFERÊNCIAS............................................................................................................145 APÊNDICE A – Wail.....................................................................................................151 APÊNDICE B – On The Rail.........................................................................................154 8 INTRODUÇÃO O presente trabalho consiste em um mergulho, como o título bem sugere. Uma imersão e uma viagem. Mas também um vislumbre, pois sua extensão é tímida diante das possibilidades de análise da Beat Generation, a qual será apresentada em seu devido momento. Como análise estética, o objetivo aqui é explorar modalidades e elementos que se fizeram presentes na estruturação artística de dois autores participantes da geração citada: Jack Kerouac e Allen Ginsberg. Como método de pesquisa, elencaremos pontos estéticos comuns aos dois autores, que serão corroborados por trechos de diários, correspondências, entrevistas e, principalmente, de duas obras: On the Road, de Kerouac e “Howl”, de Allen Ginsberg. O primeiro escreve em prosa, enquanto o segundo é poeta. Ao elencar os pontos estéticos, será empreendida uma comparação através de uma amostra, em fragmentos das obras, entre a efetivação dos ideais nas linhas de On the Road e nos versos de “Howl”. Assim, será clarificado em que sentido os dois autores se aproximam enquanto artistas e, também, em que pontos divergem. O centro gravitacional do texto será sempre os ideais estéticos, ou seja, os valores refletidos na consumação da prosa e do verso. Se tais valores representam um resgate ou uma ruptura é menos importante do que a compreensão da profundidade de cada temática listada. O itinerário escolhido para tal mergulho, do qual se espera uma emersão iluminada, é o seguinte. Os dois primeiros capítulos são mais históricos e biográficos. Enquanto o primeiro se esforça por apresentar a Beat Generation em seu momento de gênese, inserida em um momento histórico, o segundo tem como função a apresentação dos autores enquanto individualidades que, por sua história, interpretam os mesmos valores de forma naturalmente diversa. Em suma, será uma base para evitar que os ideais fiquem soltos no tempo e para ilustrar o quanto a compreensão de tais ideais é corroborada
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