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Verification of Vulnerable Zones Identified Under the Nitrate Directive \ and Sensitive Areas Identified Under the Urban Waste W
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) 1 1.2 THE NITRATES DIRECTIVE (91/676/EEC) 3 1.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 4 2 THE OFFICIAL GREEK DESIGNATION PROCESS 9 2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT SITUATION IN GREECE 9 2.2 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF SENSITIVE AREAS 10 2.3 OFFICIAL DESIGNATION OF VULNERABLE ZONES 14 1 INTRODUCTION This report is a review of the areas designated as Sensitive Areas in conformity with the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and Vulnerable Zones in conformity with the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC in Greece. The review also includes suggestions for further areas that should be designated within the scope of these two Directives. Although the two Directives have different objectives, the areas designated as sensitive or vulnerable are reviewed simultaneously because of the similarities in the designation process. The investigations will focus upon: • Checking that those waters that should be identified according to either Directive have been; • in the case of the Nitrates Directive, assessing whether vulnerable zones have been designated correctly and comprehensively. The identification of vulnerable zones and sensitive areas in relation to the Nitrates Directive and Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive is carried out according to both common and specific criteria, as these are specified in the two Directives. 1.1 THE URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE (91/271/EEC) The Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban wastewater as well as biodegradable wastewater from certain industrial sectors. The designation of sensitive areas is required by the Directive since, depending on the sensitivity of the receptor, treatment of a different level is necessary prior to discharge. -
A Comparison Between Organic and Conventional Olive Farming in Messenia, Greece
horticulturae Article A Comparison between Organic and Conventional Olive Farming in Messenia, Greece Håkan Berg 1,*, Giorgos Maneas 1,2 and Amanda Salguero Engström 1 1 Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (A.S.E.) 2 Navarino Environmental Observatory, Navarino dunes, Costa Navarino, 24 001 Messinia, Greece * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +46-702559069 Received: 15 May 2018; Accepted: 4 July 2018; Published: 9 July 2018 Abstract: Olive farming is one of the most important occupations in Messenia, Greece. The region is considered the largest olive producer in the country and it is recognized as a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) for Kalamata olive oil, which is considered extra fine. In response to the declining trend of organic olive farming in Greece, this study assesses to what extent organic olive farming in Messenia provides a financially and environmentally competitive alternative to conventional olive farming. In this study, 39 olive farmers (23 conventional and 16 organic) participated in interviews based on questionnaires. The results showed that organic olive farming is significantly more profitable than conventional farming, primarily because of a higher price for organic olive oil. Despite this, the majority of the conventional farmers perceived a low profit from organic farming as the main constraint to organic olive farming. All farmers agreed that organic olive farming contributed to a better environment, health and quality of olive oil. Organic farmers used fewer synthetic pesticides and fertilizers and applied more environmentally-friendly ground vegetation management techniques than conventional farmers. -
Petrified Forest of Lesvos Island Taxodioxylon Gypasaceum
IAEG Commission 16 - UNESCO World Heritage Greece Petrified Forest of Lesvos Island Engineering geological conditions and problem: The area enclosed by the villages of Eressos, Antissa and Sigri, exposes large accumulations of fossilised tree trunks comprising the Petrified forest of Lesvos. Isolated plant-fossils have been found in many other places of the island, including the villages Molyvos, Polichnitos, Plomari and Akrasi. The formation of the petrified forest is directly related to the intense volcanic activity in Lesvos island during late Oligocene - middle Miocene. The volcanic eruptions during this time, produced lavas, pyroclastic materials and volcanic ash, which covered the vegetation of the area. The rapid covering of tree trunks, branches, and leaves led to isolation from atmospheric conditions. Along with the volcanic activity, hot solutions of silicon dioxide penetrated and impregnated the volcanic materials that covered the tree trunks. Thus the major fossilisation process started with a molecule by molecule replacement of organic plant by inorganic materials. In the case of the Petrified forest of Lesvos, the fossilisation was perfect due to favourable fossilisation conditions. Therefore morphological characteristics of the tree trunks such as the annual rings, barkers, as well as the internal structure of the wood, are all preserved in excellent condition. •All of the genera and species determined, belong to higher plant groups: Angiospermae and Gymnospermae. Protection measures already have been taken or have to be taken: Taxodioxylon gypasaceum •In order to protect the Petrified forest and ensure its proper management, five terrestrial and marine areas with fossil accumulations, as well as all the isolated fossils were declared as Protected Natural Monument with a special Presidential Decree (443 /1985). -
With Samos & Kuşadası
GREECE with Samos & Kuşadası Tour Hosts: Prof. Douglas Henry & MAY 27 - JUNE 23, 2018 Prof. Scott Moore organized by Baylor University in GREECE with Samos & Kuşadası / MAY 27 - JUNE 23, 2018 Corinth June 1 Fri Athens - Eleusis - Corinth Canal - Corinth - Nafplion (B,D) June 2 Sat Nafplion - Mycenaean Palace and the Tomb of King Agamemnon - Epidaurus - Nafplion (B, D) June 3 Sun Nafplion -Church of Agia Fotini in Mantinea- Tripolisand Megalopolis-Mystras-Kalamata (B,D) BAYLOR IN GREECE June 4 Mon Kalamata - Drive by Methoni or Koroni to see the Venetian fortresses - Nestor’s Palace in Pylos (B,D) Program Directors: Douglas Henry and Scott Moore June 5 Tue Pylos - Tours in the surrounding area - more details will follow by Nick! (B,D) MAY 27 - JUNE 23, 2018 June 6 Wed Pylos - Gortynia - Dimitsana - Olympia (B, D) June 7 Thu Olympia - Temple of Zeus, the Temple of Hera, Museum - Free afternoon. Overnight Olympia (B,D) Acropolis, Athens June 8 Fri Olympia - Morning drive to the modern city of Corinth. Overnight Corinth. (B,D) June 9 Sat Depart Corinth for Athens airport. Fly to Samos. Transfer to hotel. Free afternoon, overnight in Samos (B,D) June 10 Sun Tour of Samos; Eupalinos Tunnel, Samos Archaeological Museum, walk in Vathi port. (B,D) June 11 Mon Day trip by ferry to Patmos. Visit the Cave of Revelation and the Basilica of John. Return Samos. (B,D) June 12 Tue Depart Samos by ferry to Kusadasi. Visit Miletus- Prienne-Didyma, overnight in Kusadasi (B,D) Tour Itinerary: May 27 Sun Depart USA - Fly Athens May 28 Mon Arrive Athens Airport - Private transfer to Hotel. -
The Efforts Towards and Challenges of Greece's Post-Lignite Era: the Case of Megalopolis
sustainability Article The Efforts towards and Challenges of Greece’s Post-Lignite Era: The Case of Megalopolis Vangelis Marinakis 1,* , Alexandros Flamos 2 , Giorgos Stamtsis 1, Ioannis Georgizas 3, Yannis Maniatis 4 and Haris Doukas 1 1 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (H.D.) 2 Technoeconomics of Energy Systems Laboratory (TEESlab), Department of Industrial Management and Technology, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece; afl[email protected] 3 Cities Network “Sustainable City”, 16562 Athens, Greece; [email protected] 4 Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 November 2020; Accepted: 15 December 2020; Published: 17 December 2020 Abstract: Greece has historically been one of the most lignite-dependent countries in Europe, due to the abundant coal resources in the region of Western Macedonia and the municipality of Megalopolis, Arcadia (region of Peloponnese). However, a key part of the National Energy and Climate Plan is to gradually phase out the use of lignite, which includes the decommissioning of all existing lignite units by 2023, except the Ptolemaida V unit, which will be closed by 2028. This plan makes Greece a frontrunner among countries who intensively use lignite in energy production. In this context, this paper investigates the environmental, economic, and social state of Megalopolis and the related perspectives with regard to the energy transition, through the elaboration of a SWOT analysis, highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the municipality of Megalopolis and the regional unit of Arcadia. -
Inventory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants of Coastal Mediterranean Cities with More Than 2,000 Inhabitants (2010)
UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.357/Inf.7 29 March 2011 ENGLISH MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN Meeting of MED POL Focal Points Rhodes (Greece), 25-27 May 2011 INVENTORY OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS OF COASTAL MEDITERRANEAN CITIES WITH MORE THAN 2,000 INHABITANTS (2010) In cooperation with WHO UNEP/MAP Athens, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .........................................................................................................................1 PART I .........................................................................................................................3 1. ABOUT THE STUDY ..............................................................................................3 1.1 Historical Background of the Study..................................................................3 1.2 Report on the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Mediterranean Coastal Cities: Methodology and Procedures .........................4 2. MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN ....................................6 2.1 Characteristics of Municipal Wastewater in the Mediterranean.......................6 2.2 Impact of Wastewater Discharges to the Marine Environment........................6 2.3 Municipal Wasteater Treatment.......................................................................9 3. RESULTS ACHIEVED ............................................................................................12 3.1 Brief Summary of Data Collection – Constraints and Assumptions.................12 3.2 General Considerations on the Contents -
Find Your Greek Island Love Match
6 *** Sunday 20 June 2021 The Sunday Telegraph The Sunday Telegraph Sunday 20 June 2021 *** 7 Greece Tile style: Pyrgi ciples – from Orthodox pilgrims to jet- Tinos by accident – they hopped over village in Chios is setting fashion editors – Patmos is the from Mykonos while waiting for a little known but full of character Alpha and Omega of Greek islands. delayed flight. “We’d visited lots of Patmos is an eight-hour ferry ride Aegean Islands, though Tinos, typified Find your At the helm: from Athens. The nearest international in guides as a Greek Lourdes, somehow island hop airport is five islands away. Scott got missed,” recalls Peter. “We found around the Williams (01749 812721; scottwilliams. beautiful landscapes, fields of arti - archipelago by co.uk) has a couple of handsome villas on chokes, heavenly beaches and excellent hiring a boat Patmos, from €2,900 (£2,490) per week. tavernas. In a green valley dotted with car-free villages, someone showed us an ancient, dilapidated house once the Greek island home of a bishop. It was for sale. Our life K suddenly changed – too big to restore is for Kea for just the two of us, we created a hotel set among quiet terraces.” Filled with The closest to Athens of all the Cyclades, contemporary art and design, local Kea is a game of two halves. The yacht marble, mosaics, and antiques, Xinara love match set flirt over lobster spaghetti in the bays House is one of the most exceptional of Vourkari and Koundouros, while pur- guesthouses in Greece. ists commune with nature in the oak- Prices per night (low season) from Quick fling or lengthy affair, you’ll find your ideal clad hills, where sheep huddle around €100 (£85) for 2-3 people, €375 (£320) ice-cold springs, and farmers till their for 8-10 people (xinarahouse.com). -
Social Dialogue in Areas and Times of Depression: Evidence from Regional Greece
African Journal of Business Management Vol.2 (4), pp. 077-084, April, 2008 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993-8233 © 2008 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Social dialogue in areas and times of depression: Evidence from regional Greece Theodoros Koutroukis1* and Lefteris Kretsos2 1University of Aegean, Chios, Greece. 2Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK. Accepted 31 March 2008 Social Dialogue (SD) constitutes one of the most popular tools for establishing effective cooperation between social partners and one of the most highlighted formulas for resolving social conflicts and disputes in nowadays. Nevertheless, the progress, which has been made so far, was not always encouraging and it seemed that the euphemism around the term is greater than the results of its implementation. In many cases stakeholders and partners could not overcome their traditional stances on certain issues and as a result they could not consolidate their positions to mutual and genuinely participatory governance schemes. Such cases were examined here. In essence the article examines the distinct nature of SD at the local level and the pressures exerted to SD procedures by broader economic restructuring exercises and reforms. Key words: Social Partnership, Social Dialogue, Local Partnership Schemes, Participants. INTRODUCTION It is widely accepted that social partnership/ social opinions. This achievement can be proved extremely diffi- dialogue (SP/SD) procedures act both as a catalyst for cult in cases of economic sectors and areas that explicit the implementation of broader restructuring exercises clear symptoms of economic stagnation and social cohe- and as a vital precondition for the success of economic sion problems due to insufficient adaptation skills accord- and social policies. -
Assigning Macroseismic Intensities of Historical Earthquakes from Late 19Th Century in Sw Peloponnese (Greece)
ASSIGNING MACROSEISMIC INTENSITIES OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES FROM LATE 19TH CENTURY IN SW PELOPONNESE (GREECE) Nikos SAKELLARIOU1 and Vassiliki KOUSKOUNA2 ABSTRACT The seismic activity of Greece has always been present in the country’s history. Numerous earthquakes have occurred in the area of SW Peloponnese, which includes the seismically active faults of Kalamata, Pamisos and Messinian gulf, as well as the subduction zone of the Hellenic arc. In the present paper macroseismic information was collected from contemporary and recent earthquake studies and the local press for three significant earthquakes of this area, i.e. Messini (1885), Filiatra (1886) and Kyparissia (1899). These earthquakes are presented in detail, as far as the flow of information, damage reports, seismological compilations and intensity assignment and distribution are concerned, from which macroseismic parameters (i.e. epicentre, magnitude) were assessed. The macroseismic datapoints of the studied earthquakes were introduced to a database, containing the event dates (OS/NS), source of information and date, the digitized original texts containing all sorts of macroseismic information and, finally, the assigned intensities expressed in EMS98, which may also act as input to the Hellenic Macroseismic Database (http://macroseismology.geol.uoa.gr/). INTRODUCTION Throughout the ages earthquakes have been the most destructive of all natural hazards, having been associated with crises due to their effects in several aspects of human life. In historical times the damage and sudden crippling of the economy of an area led to population movements, emigration or desertification of villages, even small towns. Since we are not able to foresee what will happen in the future, we have to find out what happened in the past and extrapolate to modern times. -
Tsunami Hazard Assessment in the Ionian Sea Due to Potential Tsunamogenic Sources – Results from Numerical Simulations
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 1021–1030, 2010 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/10/1021/2010/ Natural Hazards doi:10.5194/nhess-10-1021-2010 and Earth © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. System Sciences Tsunami hazard assessment in the Ionian Sea due to potential tsunamogenic sources – results from numerical simulations G-A. Tselentis1, G. Stavrakakis2, E. Sokos1, F. Gkika1, and A. Serpetsidaki1 1University of Patras, Seismological Laboratory, Patras University Campus, Rio 26500, Greece 2Institute of Geodynamics, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Lofos Nymfon, Athens, Greece Received: 3 February 2010 – Accepted: 16 April 2010 – Published: 12 May 2010 Abstract. In spite of the fact that the great majority of seis- The Ionian region has an unexpected economic and tourist mic tsunami is generated in ocean domains, smaller basins growth with an increase in coastal population and the deve- like the Ionian Sea sometimes experience this phenomenon. lopment of large leisure areas during recent years, with many In this investigation, we study the tsunami hazard associated parts of coastal cities being a couple of metres above sea with the Ionian Sea fault system. level, making them prospective targets of a large-scale disas- A scenario-based method is used to provide an estimation ter, even if the height of the tsunami wave is moderate. This of the tsunami hazard in this region for the first time. Re- situation requires urgent solutions for an effective risk man- alistic faulting parameters related to four probable seismic agement and mitigation plan. For this reason, it is essential sources, with tsunami potential, are used to model expected to define the tsunami potential of the region and this study coseismic deformation, which is translated directly to the wa- presents the first results of such an attempt. -
How the Turks of the Peloponnese Were Exterminated During the Greek Rebellion
HOW THE TURKS OF THE PELOPONNESE WERE EXTERMINATED DURING THE GREEK REBELLION SALÂH~~ R SONYEL Russo-Greek intrigues The peninsula of the Peloponnese (in southern Greece), which is also known as the Morea, was first partly conquered in 1397 CE by the Ottoman Sultan Beyazit I from the Byzantines, and was completely overrun in 1460 by Sultan Mehmet II, who was received as a deliverer by the Greek Orthodox Christian population, then suffering under the rule of the Roman Catholics'. In 1698 the Ottomans were complled to cede the Peloponnese to the Venetians, under the Treaty of Carlowitz, but in 1718 it was retroceded to the Ottoman Empire under the Treaty of Passarowitz2. According to the late Professor Dr. Douglas Dakin, who was an expert on the history of modern Greece: "This renewed Turkish rule the inhabitants found preferable to that of the Venetians; taxes were lighter; the adminisn-ation was less efficient and therefore less harsh; and the (Ottoman) infidel was much more tolerant than the Roman Catholic"3. The Ottomans established a province (pa~ahk) in the Peloponnese, the Greek population of which was about 400,000, gradually augmented by about 50,000 Turks and other Muslims. Despite the comfortable and easy life which the Greeks, especially those living in urban areas, led, they began to intrigue with the Russians during the reign of Tsar Peter the Mad. These intrigues, which aimed at the resurrection of the Byzantine Empire, continued under Empress Catherine II during whose reign Russian agents roamed the countryside in the Peloponnese, inciting the people to rebellion 4. -
A-2014-A-RQ-Rad-Rund Um Messenien
Der messenische Küstenradweg: Kalamata - Kyparissia Beach & Bike: Radwandern an den Küsten Messeniens (ca. 220 km, leichte Radreise, 08 Tage / 07 Nächte, individuelle Einzelreise) Die Tour Durch kleine Fischerdörfer, vorbei an traumhaft schönen Stränden, über Flüsse und durch Wälder führt Sie diese Radtour durch die Präfektur Messenien. Sie entdecken alte Burgen, kleine, schwer zugängliche Buchten und haben fast dauerhaft die Möglichkeit, sich zwischendurch im Meer zu erfrischen. Vorbei an einladenden Tavernen und Cafés endet die Reise schließlich in Kalo Nero, einer der wohl schönsten Küstenstädte des Peloponnes. Einige Highlights: • Die Ochsenbauchbucht, einer der schönsten Strände Griechenlands • Traumhafte Buchten • Der Badeort Finikoúnda • Die Wasserfälle von Polilimnio • Wunderschöne, flache Strände • Kalamata als touristisches Zentrum Messeniens • Die Burg von Methoni Tag für Tag: • 1. Tag: Anreise Kalamata • 2. Tag: Kalamata - Petalidi (ca. 38 km) • 3. Tag: Ausflug nach Polilimnio (ca. 34 km) • 4. Tag: Petalidi – Koroni - Finikounda (ca. 26 km) • 5. Tag: Finikoúnda - Pylos (ca. 32 km) • 6. Tag: Pylos - Filiatra (ca. 49 km) • 7. Tag: Filiatra - Kalo Nero (ca. 30 km) • 8. Tag: Individuelle Abreise oder Möglichkeit zur Verlängerung Charakteristik der Tour Die Radreise verläuft flach und verlangt von den Radfahrern keine besonderen Leistungen. Den Großteil der Strecke absolviert man auf gut ausgebauten, aber kaum bis gar nicht befahrenen Straßen – auch für Familien geeignet. Der Reiseverlauf Tag 1, Samstag: Anreise nach Kalamata Individuelle Anreise nach Kalamata. Per Flugzeug nach Athen oder Kalamata (saisonbedingt). Per Fähre nach Pátras. Der Transfer vom Flug- oder Fährhafen zum Hotel und zurück kann auf Wunsch gebucht werden. Tag 2, Sonntag: Kalamáta - Petalidi (38,2 km/ 50 hm) Heute starten Sie in eine recht leichte Fahrradwoche.