List of Distinct Cell Types in the Adult Human Body

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

See also: Cell type • Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion)

• Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion) There are many diﬀerent types of cell in the human body. • Insolated goblet cell of respiratory and digestive tracts (mucus secretion)

1 Cells that are derived primarily • Stomach lining mucous cell (mucus secretion) from endoderm • Gastric gland zymogenic cell (pepsinogen secretion) 1.1 Exocrine secretory epithelial cells • Gastric gland oxyntic cell (hydrochloric acid secretion) • Salivary gland mucous cell (polysaccharide-rich se- • cretion) Pancreatic acinar cell (bicarbonate and digestive enzyme secretion • Salivary gland number 1 (glycoprotein enzyme-rich • secretion) Paneth cell of small intestine (lysozyme secretion) • • Von Ebner’s gland cell in tongue (washes taste buds) Type II pneumocyte of lung (surfactant secretion) • • Mammary gland cell (milk secretion) Clara cell of lung

• Lacrimal gland cell (tear secretion) 1.2 Hormone-secreting cells • Ceruminous gland cell in ear (earwax secretion) • Anterior pituitary cells • Eccrine sweat glandering dark cell (glycoprotein secretion) • Somatotropes • • Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secre- Lactotropes tion) • Thyrotropes • • Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, Gonadotropes sex-hormone sensitive) • Corticotropes

• Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland) • Intermediate pituitary cell, secreting melanocyte- stimulating hormone • Sebaceous gland cell (lipid-rich sebum secretion) • Magnocellular neurosecretory cells • Bowman’s gland cell in nose (washes olfactory epithelium) • nonsecreting oxytocin • • Brunner’s gland cell in duodenum (enzymes and secreting vasopressin alkaline mucus) • Gut and respiratory tract cells • Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal ﬂuid compo- • secreting serotonin nents, including fructose for swimming sperm) • secreting endorphin • Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal ﬂuid compo- • secreting somatostatin nents) • secreting gastrin • Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion) • secreting secretin • Bartholin’s gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion) • nonsecreting cholecystokinin

1 2 2 DERIVED PRIMARILY FROM ECTODERM

• secreting insulin • Nail bed basal cell (stem cell) • secreting glucagon • Medullary hair shaft cell • nonsecreting bombesin • Cortical hair shaft cell • Thyroid gland cells • Cuticular hair shaft cell • Thyroid epithelial cell • Cuticular hair root sheath cell • Parafollicular cell • Hair root sheath cell of Huxley’s layer • Parathyroid gland cells • Hair root sheath cell of Henle’s layer • Parathyroid chief cell • • Oxyphil cell External hair root sheath cell • • Adrenal gland cells Hair matrix cell (stem cell) • Chromaffin cells 2.1.2 Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells • secreting steroid hormones (mineralocorticoids and gluco corticoids) • Surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus, anal • Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone canal, distal urethra and vagina • Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting • basal cell (stem cell) of epithelia of cornea, tongue, estrogen oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, distal urethra and • Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle se- vagina creting progesterone • Urinary epithelium cell (lining urinary bladder and • Granulosa lutein cells urinary ducts) • Theca lutein cells • Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion) 2.2 Nervous system

• Macula densa cell of kidney There are nerve cells, also known as neurons, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells • Peripolar cell of kidney make up nervous tissue. A neuron consists of a cell body • Mesangial cell of kidney with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair- like parts arise. • Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)

• Alpha cells (secreting glucagon) 2.2.1 Sensory transducer cells • Beta cells (secreting insulin and amylin) • Auditory inner hair cell of organ of Corti • Delta cells (secreting somatostatin) • • PP cells (gamma cells) (secreting pancreatic Auditory outer hair cell of organ of Corti polypeptide) • Basal cell of olfactory epithelium (stem cell for ol- • Epsilon cells (secreting ghrelin) factory neurons) • Cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons 2 Derived primarily from ectoderm • Heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons • Merkel cell of epidermis (touch sensor) 2.1 Integumentary system • Olfactory receptor neuron 2.1.1 Keratinizing epithelial cells • Pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various • Epidermal keratinocyte (diﬀerentiating epidermal types) cell) • Photoreceptor cells of retina in eye: • Epidermal basal cell (stem cell) • Photoreceptor rod cells • Keratinocyte of ﬁngernails and toenails • Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cell of eye 3

• Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cell of eye 2.2.4 Central nervous system neurons and glial cells • Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cell of eye • Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly clas- siﬁed) • Proprioceptive primary sensory neurons (various types) • Interneurons • Basket cells • Touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons (various • Stellate cells types) • Golgi cells • • Type I carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) Granule cells • Lugaro cells • Type II carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) • Unipolar brush cells • Martinotti cells • Type I hair cell of vestibular system of ear (acceler- • Chandelier cells ation and gravity) • Medium spiny neurons • Cajal–Retzius cells • Type II hair cell of vestibular system of ear (accel- • Double-bouquet cells eration and gravity) • Neurogliaform cells • Type I taste bud cell • Spinal interneuron • Renshaw cells • Principal cells 2.2.2 Autonomic neuron cells • Spindle neuron • Pyramidal cells • Cholinergic neural cell (various types) • Place cells • • Adrenergic neural cell (various types) Grid cells • Speed cells • Peptidergic neural cell (various types) • Head direction cells • Betz cells • Stellate cells 2.2.3 Sense organ and peripheral neuron support- • Boundary cells ing cells • Astrocyte (various types) • Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti • Oligodendrocyte

• Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti • Ependymal cells • Tanycytes • Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti

• Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti 2.2.5 Lens cells

• Border cell of organ of Corti • Anterior lens epithelial cell • Crystallin-containing lens ﬁber cell • Hensen cell of organ of Corti

• Vestibular apparatus supporting cell 3 Derived primarily from meso- • Taste bud supporting cell derm

• Olfactory epithelium supporting cell 3.1 Metabolism and storage cells • Schwann cell • Adipocytes: • Satellite glial cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve • White fat cell cell bodies) • Brown fat cell • Enteric glial cell • Liver lipocyte 4 3 DERIVED PRIMARILY FROM MESODERM

3.2 Barrier function cells (lung, gut, • Other nonepithelial ﬁbroblasts exocrine glands and urogenital tract) • Pericyte 3.2.1 Kidney • Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc • Kidney parietal cell • • Kidney glomerulus podocyte Cementoblast/cementocyte (tooth root bonelike ewan cell secretion) • Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell • Odontoblast/odontocyte (tooth dentin secretion) • Loop of Henle thin segment cell • Kidney distal tubule cell • Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte • Kidney collecting duct cell • Fibrocartilage chondrocyte • Principal cells • Elastic cartilage chondrocyte • Intercalated cells • Osteoblast/osteocyte 3.2.2 Other • Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts) • Type I pneumocyte (lining air space of lung cell) • Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye • Pancreatic duct cell (centroacinar cell) • Nonstriated duct cell (of sweat gland, salivary gland, • Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear mammary gland, etc.) • Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell) • Principal cell • Intercalated cell • Pancreatic stelle cell • Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.) • Intestinal brush border cell (with microvilli) 3.4 Contractile cells • Exocrine gland striated duct cell • Skeletal muscle cell • Gall bladder epithelial cell • • Ductulus eﬀerens nonciliated cell Red skeletal muscle cell (slow) • White skeletal muscle cell (fast) • Epididymal principal cell • Intermediate skeletal muscle cell • Epididymal basal cell • Nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle • Endothelial cells • Nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle

3.3 Extracellular matrix cells • Satellite cell (stem cell) • Ameloblast epithelial cell (tooth enamel secretion) • Heart muscle cells • Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion) • Ordinary heart muscle cell • • Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting Nodal heart muscle cell tectorial membrane covering hair cells) • Purkinje fiber cell • Loose connective tissue fibroblasts • Smooth muscle cell (various types) • Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes) • Myoepithelial cell of iris • Tendon fibroblasts • Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts • Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands 3.8 Interstitial cells 5

3.5 Blood and immune system cells 3.8 Interstitial cells

• Erythrocyte (red blood cell) • Interstitial kidney cells

• Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor)

• Monocyte (white blood cell ) 4 See also

• Connective tissue macrophage (various types) • List of organs of the human body

• Epidermal Langerhans cell • List of systems of the human body • Osteoclast (in bone)

• Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues) 5 References

• Microglial cell (in central nervous system) 6 External links • Neutrophil granulocyte • • Eosinophil granulocyte Types of neurons from NeuroLex • • Basophil granulocyte Eukaryotic cell types in COPE database.

• Hybridoma cell

• Mast cell

• Helper T cell

• Suppressor T cell

• Cytotoxic T cell

• Natural killer T cell

• B cell

• Natural killer cell

• Reticulocyte

• Stem cells and committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)

3.6 Germ cells

• Oogonium/Oocyte

• Spermatid

• Spermatocyte

• Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte)

• Spermatozoon

3.7 Nurse cell

• Ovarian follicle cell

• Sertoli cell (in testis)

• Thymus epithelial cell 6 7 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

7 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

7.1 Text

• List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_ human_body?oldid=767816733 Contributors: The Anome, AdamRetchless, Ahoerstemeier, Conti, Fuelbottle, Dbenbenn, Jfdwolﬀ, John Abbe, Mporch, PenguiN42, Lvl, Sayeth, Kevin Rector, Discospinster, Shanes, Bobo192, Smalljim, Arcadian, Rajah, Nsaa, Abstraktn, Arthena, Ombudsman, Wimvandorst, LukeSurl, Chrysaor, Dozenist, Dolfrog, Bluemoose, Jordan Yang, Fieari, TeaDrinker, Bgwhite, Wavelength, Carl T, Rsrikanth05, Wimt, Moe Epsilon, CWenger, Allens, Banus, SmackBot, Haymaker, Drkarthi, Gilliam, Chris the speller, Neo139, Aldaron, JZUK, SpiderJon, Rockpocket, Benesch, Liam Skoda, Zarex, Jamoche, Smoove Z, Cydebot, Epbr123, Mer- cury~enwiki, CopperKettle, Mojo Hand, John254, James086, AntiVandalBot, Nthep, Ozborn, VoABot II, Jackson Peebles, MartinBot, R'n'B, Nono64, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Trusilver, Hodja Nasreddin, Mikael Häggström, Markjohndaley, Belovedfreak, Cobi, Christo- pher Kraus, Juliancolton, ABF, Philip Trueman, DoorsAjar, Tameeria, DennyColt, Blurpeace, Cmcnicoll, Doc James, Nathan, Yintan, Eikenhein, Wilson44691, Allmightyduck, Johntobey, Hello71, Sunrise, Pinkadelica, Forluvoft, Atif.t2, ClueBot, AnteaterZot, Franamax, Puchiko, Auntof6, Excirial, Alexbot, Robfbms, Pichpich, MystBot, Addbot, Pyfan, Ka Faraq Gatri, Jomunro, QuackOfaThousandSuns, West.andrew.g, Da best editor, Megaman en m, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Tohd8BohaithuGh1, Fraggle81, Cﬂm001, Gongshow, Aditya, Materi- alscientist, Sionus, Capricorn42, Mathonius, FrescoBot, I dream of horses, RedBot, My very best wishes, Abc518, Reaper Eternal, Rzuwig, Smd75jr, Gcastellanos, Faolin42, K6ka, Allforrous, Brad117, TYelliot, ClueBot NG, Snotbot, Widr, Newyorkadam, Titodutta, BG19bot, Mark Arsten, San04~enwiki, NotWith, Blahblahblah97, Achowat, SergeantHippyZombie, Jackibuddy, Dexbot, Jarradpowell, Isarra (HG), JakobSteenberg, Spectrumsaymyname, The Anonymouse, Me, Myself, and I are Here, Epicgenius, Iztwoz, Revolution1221, Evolution and evolvability, LT910001, AddWittyNameHere, Imover9000, JaconaFrere, Sungjoon798, AKS.9955, CellbioPhD, Amortias, TerryAlex, Malik.ImRan007, Ryry029, CAPTAIN RAJU, Boomer Vial, Edikedikedikedik, Kyler12345678901234567890 and Anonymous: 294

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