67$7 7 August 2002

European population trends in 2001 (8 SRSXODWLRQ XS E\  LQ  GXH PDLQO\ WRQHWPLJUDWLRQ Population down in most of the Central and Eastern European candidate countries

On 1 January 2002 the populations of the (XURSHDQ8QLRQ and of the HXUR]RQH were 379.6 million and 305.2 million respectively. The (8 population increased by 1 560 000 in 2001, an annual rate of 0.4%, exactly the same as the figure in 2000. Net migration accounted for about three-quarters of the population increase in 2001, with natural growth accounting for the other quarter. Natural growth has been below net migration since 1989.

The rise in the (8 population was 2% of the total increase of the world's population in 2001. The main contributors to world population growth were ,QGLD (with an increase of more than 16 million, or 20% of the total world increase), &KLQD (14%) and RWKHUGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV (nearly 60%). The 8QLWHG6WDWHV, with 279.3 million inhabitants at the start of 2002, recorded a population increase of 0.9% in 2001, with natural growth accounting for nearly two-thirds of the increase. -DSDQ, with 126.9 million people, recorded an increase of 0.2%, due solely to natural growth.

1 These data come from a report published jointly today by (XURVWDWWKH6WDWLVWLFDO2IILFHRIWKH(XURSHDQ 2 &RPPXQLWLHVLQ/X[HPERXUJ, and the &RXQFLORI(XURSH .

%LJGLIIHUHQFHVLQSRSXODWLRQWUHQGVLQWKH0HPEHU6WDWHVDQGWKHFDQGLGDWHFRXQWULHV The population increased in every (8 Member State in 2001. The increase was highest in ,UHODQG (1.5%) and /X[HPERXUJ (1.1%) and lowest in *HUPDQ\ and $XVWULD (both 0.2%). On the other hand, all the FDQGLGDWH FRXQWULHV recorded a drop in population, apart from 7XUNH\ (+1.7%), &\SUXV and 0DOWD (both +0.8%) and 6ORYHQLD (+0.2%). The population was unchanged in 6ORYDNLD and declined most in %XOJDULD (-2.7%) and /DWYLD (-0.6%). Within the (8, the highest natural growth rates (difference between the number of births and deaths per thousand inhabitants) occurred in ,UHODQG (7.3 per 1000) and )UDQFH (4.2) whereas the rate was negative in *HUPDQ\ (-1.1), 6ZHGHQ (-0.3) and *UHHFH (-0.1). The population would have fallen in these three countries but for positive net migration. Natural growth was lower than net migration in every Member State in 2001, apart from )UDQFH, the 1HWKHUODQGV and )LQODQG. 3 There was virtually no change in 2001 in the fertility rate in the (8: 1.47 children per woman compared with 1.48 in 2000. This pattern was seen in most of the Member States, apart from ,UHODQG, where the rate rose sharply, and *HUPDQ\, /X[HPERXUJ, $XVWULD and 3RUWXJDO, where it went down. /LIHH[SHFWDQF\LQWKH(8IRUZRPHQDQGIRUPHQ The infant mortality rate in the (8 in 2001 averaged 4.6 deaths for every thousand live births, with the figures ranging from a low of 3.2 in 6ZHGHQand )LQODQG to a high of 5.9 in *UHHFH and /X[HPERXUJ. The lowest rates among the candidate countries were recorded in the &]HFK5HSXEOLF (4.0 per thousand) and 6ORYHQLD (4.3), and the highest rates in 5RPDQLD (18.4) and 7XUNH\ (38.7, but this should be compared with the 1980 figure of 95.4 deaths for every thousand live births).

Average life expectancy in the (8 in 2001 was 81.4 years for women (compared with 77.2 in 1980) and 75.3 for men (70.5 in 1980). The highest figures for life expectancy were in )UDQFH for women (83.0) and 6ZHGHQ for men (77.5). ,UHODQG was the country where life expectancy was shortest, both for males (73.0) and females (78.5).

In the candidate countries life expectancy was longest in &\SUXV: 80.4 for women and 75.3 for men (1998 data). Life expectancy was shortest in 7XUNH\ for women (71.0) and /DWYLD for men (64.5).

%HWZHHQDQGRIELUWKVRXWVLGHPDUULDJHLQWKH6FDQGLQDYLDQFRXQWULHV)UDQFHDQG WKH8QLWHG.LQJGRP The total number of marriages went down by 15% in the (8 between 1980 and 2000, while the number of divorces increased by 40%. During this period the number of marriages per thousand people declined in every (8 Member State apart from 'HQPDUN. The figure in 2001 was highest in 'HQPDUN (6.6) and lowest in 6ZHGHQ (4.0). The most divorces per thousand people occurred in %HOJLXP (2.9 in 2001), with the lowest figures being recorded in ,UHODQG and ,WDO\ (both 0.7 in 2000). In 2001 more than half of all births (55.5%) occurred outside marriage in 6ZHGHQ and the figure was also close to or above 40% in 'HQPDUN, )UDQFH, )LQODQG and the 8QLWHG.LQJGRP. The rate was only 4.1% in *UHHFH and 9.6% in ,WDO\ (data for 2000).

1. (XURVWDW6WDWLVWLFVLQ)RFXV3RSXODWLRQDQG6RFLDO&RQGLWLRQV1R, "First results of the demographic data collection for 2001 in Europe".

2. The data for the non-member countries of the &RXQFLORI(XURSH come from the US Bureau of Census (International Programs Center).

3. The fertility rate is the average number of children per woman of child-bearing age.

Eurostat Press Office : For further information: 3KLOLSSH%$87,(57LP$//(1 $DUQR/$,+21(1 /RXLVH&256(//,DQG 7HO $XURUD257(*$6$1&+(= )D[ %(&+%XLOGLQJ DDUQRODLKRQHQ#FHFHXLQW //X[HPERXUJ 7HO Eurostat news releases on the Internet: )D[ http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ [email protected] 3RSXODWLRQILJXUHVIRU(XURSHLQ LQKDELWDQWV

Population Live Deaths Natural Net Total Population COUNTRY/REGION 1.1.2001 births increase migration increase 1.1.2002 (1000)

European Union 378 036.6 e 4 010.6 e 3 606.8 e 403.7 e 1 160.3 e 1 564.0 e 379 600.7 e Eurozone 303 910.4 e 3 184.5 e 2 850.2 e 334.3 e 964.6 e 1 298.9 e 305 209.3 e

Belgium 10 263.4 115.6 p 104.3 p 11.3 p 32.6 e 43.9 e 10 307.3 e Denmark 5 349.2 65.5 58.5 7.0 12.2 19.1 5 368.4 Germany 82 259.5 730.0 p 821.0 p -91.0 p 262.5 * 171.5 * 82 431.0 * Greece 10 564.7 p 101.0 * 102.4 * -1.4 * 35.0 e 33.6 e 10 598.3 e Spain 40 121.7 407.1 * 351.1 * 56.0 * 231.7 * 287.7 40 409.3 France 59 037.2 p 774.8 p 528.0 p 246.8 p 60.0 p 306.8 p 59 344.0 p Ireland 3 826.2 p 57.9 p 29.8 p 28.1 p 30.0 e 58.1 e 3 884.2 e Italy 57 844.0 545.0 e 541.1 e 3.9 e 170.0 e 173.9 e 58 017.9 e Luxembourg 441.3 5.5 3.7 1.7 3.3 e 5.1 e 446.4 e Netherlands 15 987.1 203.1 p 140.3 p 62.9 p 50.3 p 113.2 p 16 100.3 p Austria 8 121.3 75.5 74.8 0.7 18.0 e 18.7 e 8 140.0 e Portugal 10 262.9 112.8 105.1 7.7 65.0 p 72.7 p 10 335.6 p Finland 5 181.1 56.2 48.6 7.6 6.1 13.8 5 194.9 Sweden 8 882.8 91.5 93.8 -2.3 28.6 26.3 8 909.1 United Kingdom 59 894.2 * 669.1 p 604.4 p 64.7 p 155.0 * 219.7 * 60 113.9 *

Other Council of Europe Member States Albania 3 401.2 1 57.9 2 16.7 2 41.2 2 :: : Andorra 65.8 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.5 66.3 Armenia 3 800.0 32.1 24.0 8.1 -9.5 -1.4 3 798.6 Azerbaijan 8 081.0 110.4 45.3 65.1 -4.7 60.4 8 141.4 Bosnia and Herzegov ina : 39.1 2 29.4 2 9.7 2 :: : Bulgaria 8 149.5 68.2 p 112.4 p -44.2 p -175.8 3p -220.0 3p 7 929.5 p Croatia 4 381.0 * 43.7 1* 50.2 1* -6.5 1* 23.4 1* 16.9 1* : Cy prus 759.1 * 9.3 * 6.0 * 3.3 * 3.1 * 6.4 * 765.5 * Czech Republic 10 295.3 90.7 107.8 -17.0 -8.6 -25.6 10 269.7 4p Estonia 1 367.0 12.6 18.5 -5.9 0.2 -5.7 1 361.2 Georgia 4 945.6 40.4 1 41.3 1 -0.9 1 -154.0 1 -154.9 1 : Hungary 10 200.0 4p 97.0 p 132.0 p -35.0 p 14.0 p -21.0 p 10 179.0 4p Iceland 283.4 4.1 p 1.7 p 2.4 p 0.8 p 3.2 286.6 Latv ia 2 366.1 19.7 33.0 -13.3 -1.4 p -14.7 p 2 351.4 p Liechtenstein 32.9 e 0.4 e 0.2 e 0.2 e 0.2 e 0.4 e 33.3 e Lithuania 3 493.8 4p 31.5 p 40.4 -8.9 p -2.6 p -11.5 p 3 482.3 4p Malta 391.4 3.9 2.9 0.9 2.3 3.2 394.6 Moldov a 4 171.9 36.9 1 41.2 1 -4.3 1 -105.3 1 -109.6 1 : Norway 4 503.4 56.7 p 44.2 p 12.5 p 8.1 p 20.6 4 524.1 Poland 38 644.2 368.2 363.2 5.0 -16.7 -11.8 38 632.5 Romania 22 430.5 220.4 259.6 -39.2 -4.9 e -44.1 e 22 386.3 e Russian Federation 144 819.1 1 308.6 2 251.8 -943.2 : : : San Marino 26.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.1 1.2 28.2 Slov ak Republic 5 378.8 4 51.1 52.0 -0.8 1.0 0.2 5 379.0 4 Slov enia 1 990.1 17.6 p 18.3 p -0.8 p 4.7 p 3.9 1 994.0 Switzerland 7 204.1 73.5 61.3 12.2 42.2 p 54.5 p 7 258.5 p the former Yug. Rep. of Macedonia 2 031.1 29.3 1 17.3 1 12.1 1 -2.5 1 9.5 1 : Turkey 68 036.0 * 1 507.0 * 463.0 * 1 044.0 * 100.0 * 1 144.0 * 69 180.0 * Ukraine 49 036.5 376.5 746.0 -369.5 : : :

Council of Europe non-Member States with observer status Belarus 9 990.4 91.7 140.3 -48.6 9.1 -39.5 9 950.9 Fed. Rep. of Yugoslav ia 10 645.2 5* 131.4 5* 114.9 5* 16.6 5* 0.0 5* 16.6 5* 10 661.7 5*

Other countries/regions United States of America 276 810.8 3 948.4 2 419.1 1 529.3 970.6 2 499.9 279 310.7 Japan 126 660.8 1 272.8 1 057.3 215.5 -3.2 212.3 126 873.1 Other more dev eloped countries 54 996.5 663.8 408.5 255.3 294.2 549.5 55 546.0 India 1 021 997.5 25 008.2 9 002.1 16 006.1 -85.4 15 920.7 1 037 918.2 China 1 267 471.9 20 306.1 8 580.8 11 725.4 -489.7 11 235.6 1 278 707.5 Other less dev eloped countries 2 559 240.6 71 503.7 24 666.8 46 836.9 -997.3 45 839.7 2 605 080.3 p prov isional data; * national estimate (including in small instances projections); e Eurostat estimate. 1 2000; 2 1999; 3 data ref er to the period of eight years between the two latest censuses (04.12.1992 - 01.03.2000); 4 based upon the latest National Population Census;5 does not include Kosov o and Metohija. Sources: Eurostat, Council of Europe, US Bureau of the Census - International Program Center. Gross rates of population change

Natural increase Net migration Total increase COUNTRY/REGION (per 1000 population) (per 1000 population) (per 1000 population) 1980 2000 2001 1980 2000 2001 1980 2000 2001

European Union 2.5 1.0 e 1.1 e 1.7 3.1 e 3.1 e 4.2 4.1 e 4.1 e Eu r o zo ne 2.7 1.0 e 1.1 e 2.0 3.1 e 3.2 e 4.7 4.1 e 4.3 e

Belgium 1.1 1.1 p 1.1 e -0.2 1.3 p 3.2 e 0.8 2.4 4.3 e Denmark 0.3 1.7 1.3 0.1 1.9 2.3 0.4 3.6 3.6 Germany -1.1 -0.9 -1.1 * 3.9 2.0 3.2 * 2.8 1.2 2.1 * Greece 6.3 -0.2 * -0.1e 5.2 1.2 * 3.3 e 11.5 1.0 p 3.2 e Spain 7.5 0.9 p 1.4 * 3.0 8.8 p 5.8 * 10.5 9.7 7.1 France 4.7 4.0 p 4.2 p 0.8 0.8 p 1.0 p 5.5 4.9 p 5.2 p p e p e p e Ireland 11.9 6.1 7.3 -0.2 7.0 7.8 11.8 13.0 15.1 Italy 1.5 -0.3 0.1 e 0.1 3.1 2.9 e 1.6 2.8 3.0 e Luxembourg 0.2 4.5 3.9 e 3.7 8.3 7.5 e 3.8 12.8 11.4 e Netherlands 4.7 4.2 3.9 p 3.6 3.6 3.1 p 8.3 7.7 7.1 p Austria -0.2 0.2 0.1 e 1.2 2.1 2.2 e 1.0 2.3 2.3 e Portugal 6.5 1.4 0.7 p 4.3 4.9 6.3 p 10.8 6.3 7.1 p Finland 3.9 1.4 1.5 -0.5 0.5 1.2 3.4 1.9 2.7 Sw eden 0.6 -0.3 -0.3 1.2 2.7 3.2 1.8 2.4 3.0 * * * * * * United Kingdom 1.6 1.2 1.1 -0.6 3.3 2.6 1.0 4.5 3.7 Other Council of Europe Member States Albania 20.1 12.2 1 ::-4.01 ::8.21 : Andorra 11.6 7.4 8.2 102.7 -9.3 -0.8 114.2 -1.9 7.4 Armenia 17.2 2.7 2.1 -2.7 -3.6 -2.5 14.5 -0.9 -0.4 Azerbaijan 18.2 8.7 8.0 -3.2 -0.7 -0.6 15.0 8.1 7.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina 11.0 : : -16.4 : : -5.5 : : Bulgaria 3.4 -5.1 -5.5 p 0.0 0.0 -21.9 2p 3.4 -5.1 -27.4 2p Croatia 3.9 -1.4 * :0.25.1* :4.13.7* : Cyprus 11.1 4.6 * 4.3 * 0.4 1.1 * 4.1 * 11.5 5.7 * 8.4 * Czech Republic 1.8 -1.8 -1.7 p -4.0 0.6 -0.8 p -2.2 -1.1 -2.5p Estonia 2.7 -3.9 -4.3 4.1 0.3 0.1 6.8 -3.6 -4.2 Georgia 9.1 -0.2 : -1.1 -30.7 : 8.0 -30.8 : p p Hungary 0.3 -3.8 -3.4 -0.7 1.8 1.4 -0.4 -2.0 -2.1 Iceland 13.1 8.7 8.3 p -2.7 6.7 3.0 p 10.4 15.3 11.3 Latvia 1.4 -5.0 -5.6 p 1.0 -0.8 -0.6 p 2.3 -5.8 -6.2 p Liechtenstein 8.5 6.1 e 6.0 e -31.8 7.3 e 7.2 e -23.2 13.4 e 13.2 e Lithuania 4.7 -1.3 -2.6 p 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 p 5.3 -1.6 -3.3 p Malta 7.4 3.3 2.4 -19.1 3.4 5.9 -11.8 6.7 8.2 Moldova 9.8 -1.0 : 1.4 -24.9 : 11.1 -25.9 : Norw ay 2.4 3.4 2.8 p 0.9 2.2 1.8 p 3.3 5.6 4.6 Poland 9.6 0.3 0.1 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4 9.0 -0.2 -0.3 Romania 7.5 -0.9 -1.8 e -0.8 -0.2 -0.2 e 6.7 -1.1 -2.0 e Russian Federation 4.9 -6.6 : 0.4 1.5 : 5.3 -5.1 : San Marino 3.4 3.8 4.4 70.2 7.9 40.1 73.6 11.7 44.5 Slovak Republic 8.9 0.4 -0.2 -2.3 0.3 0.2 6.6 0.7 0.0 Slovenia 5.8 -0.2 -0.4 p 2.9 1.4 2.4 p 8.7 1.2 2.0 p Sw itzerland 2.3 2.2 1.7 p 2.7 3.3 5.8 p 5.0 5.5 7.5 p the former Yug. Rep. of Macedonia 13.9 5.9 : 0.1 -1.2 : 14.0 4.7 : * * * * * * Turkey 22.1 15.6 15.2 0.3 -1.3 1.5 22.4 14.3 16.7 Ukraine 3.5 -7.6 : 0.2 -0.9 : 3.6 -8.5 : Council of Europe non-Member States with observer status Belarus 6.1 -4.1 -4.9 1.5 1.2 0.9 7.6 -2.9 -4.0 Fed. Rep. of Yugoslavia 8.6 0.7 3* 1.6 3* 6.2 0.0 3* 0.0 3* 14.9 0.7 3* 1.6 3* Other countries/regions United States of America 7.5 5.5 5.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 11.1 8.9 9.0 Japan 7.6 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 7.8 1.8 1.7 Other more developed countries : 4.8 4.6 : 5.4 5.3 : 10.2 9.9 India 21.2 15.9 15.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 21.2 15.8 15.5 China : 9.4 9.2 : -0.4 -0.4 : 9.0 8.8 Other less developed countries : 18.5 18.1 : -0.4 -0.4 : 18.1 17.8 p prov isional data; * national estimate (including in small instances projections); e Eurostat estimate. 1 1999; 2data ref er to the period of eight years between the two latest censuses (04.12.1992 - 01.03.2000); 3 does not include Kosov o and Metohija. Sources: Eurostat, Council of Europe, US Bureau of the Census - International Program Center.