Laser Class Rules - One Design

One of the attractions of the Laser for most owners is that the class rules are very strict and that the boat is one design. The Laser philosophy incorporated in the rules is that we want to go sailing, not waste time fddling with boats. We want to win races on the water using our skill, not by trying to fnd a way round the rules that will give us an advantage. The class rules are written to prevent any changes from the standard boat that might affect performance, so that on the water each boat is the same. The few changes to the standard boat that are allowed are minor and only to allow for a few options that make racing the Laser more comfortable and enjoyable. Over the years the class has refused to make changes to the rules that allow more expensive or complicated equipment or which makes older boats redundant. If you feel you want to change something on a Laser - STOP. Ask yourself why you want to do it? If the answer is “to make me go faster” there is a very good chance the modifcation or addition is illegal! Take a look at the Laser Rules. • Part One explains the Fundamental Class Rule which covers the philosophy and any item not specifcally written into the rules. • Part Two tells you what you must do to have a legal boat. • Part Three details a few optional changes and additions you can make. If Part Three does not specifcally allow a change or addition - IT IS ILLEGAL! If you race a Laser that has a change or addition not allowed by the class rules you will be disqualifed from the race. Ignorance of the rules is no defence. Cheating In our sport in every club and class there is the odd person who needs to cheat to win. Cheating is doing something that you know is illegal. Whether you gain an advantage or not is irrelevant. Our class is strong and popular because we believe in a strict one design and our sailors want to know that they are racing on equal terms. ILCA takes a very strong line with Laser sailors who do not sail according to the rules. There have been cases in the past where sailors who have sailed with illegal boats have been banned from sailing a Laser. Such a ban can be for life. If action is also taken under the racing rules, the ban can cover racing in any boat. Our class is much bigger than the odd person who wants to gain advantage by illegally changing the Laser or its equipment. They can sail in other classes where the rules allow changes to a boat to get an advantage. We do not want them with us. Class Rules Index

PART ONE 8. Hull Coatings ...... 32 21. Clips & Storage Bags ...... 34 Object ...... 28 9. Class Association 22. Compass ...... 34 Fundamental Rule ...... 28 Membership ...... 32 23. Wind Indicators ...... 34 Hull Identification ...... 28 10. Advertising ...... 32 24. Tape and Line ...... 34 Definition of a Builder ...... 28 25. Safety Equipment ...... 34 PART THREE: 26. Repairs & Maintenance ...... 34 PART TWO 11. Hull Finish ...... 32 27. Reefing ...... 34 1. Measurement Diagrams ...... 28 12. Transom Drain Bung ...... 32 28. Boat or Body 2. Measurement ...... 28 13. Self Bailer ...... 32 Mounted Camera ...... 34 3. Control Systems, 14. Centreboard ...... 32 Control Lines and Fittings .....28 15. Rudder ...... 32 PART FOUR 4. Sail Registration Numbers, 16. Tiller ...... 33 29. Laser Radial ...... 34 National Letters & Flag ...... 30 17. Hiking Strap ...... 33 30. Laser 4.7 ...... 35 5. Mast ...... 31 18. Boom ...... 33 6. Clothing and Equipment ...... 31 19. Mast ...... 33 PART FIVE 7. Sailing Requirements ...... 32 20. Inspection Ports ...... 34 31. Amendments ...... 35

27 The latest edition of the Laser Class Rules and By-Laws are Lasers with sail numbers from 148200 shall display a unique available at www.laserinternational.org. World Sailing Building Plaque that has been purchased by the builder from the International Laser Class Association. ILCA By-Law 1: Rules The plaque shall display the sail number of the boat issued by the International Laser Class Association and shall be (Parts one to five inclusive) permanently fixed in the rear of the cockpit by the builder. Valid from 1st January 2018. Cancels all previous rules and DEFINITION OF BUILDER interpretations. A Builder is a manufacturer that has the rights to use a RECENT CHANGES: Laser trademark, is manufacturing the hull, equipment, 1 January 2017 fittings, spars, sails and battens in strict adherence to the Rule 22 Compasses, Electronic Equipment and Timing Construction Manual, and has been approved as a Laser Devices modified to allow use of digital compasses that are Builder by each of World Sailing and the International Laser not GPS enabled. Class Association. New Rule 28 Added to allow boat or body mounted cameras. PART TWO Rule 3(f)vi modifed to remove restriction on the attachment points of the shock cord inhaul. 1. MEASUREMENT DIAGRAMS Rule 17(c) modified to allow for the addition of one cleat and The Measurement Diagrams are part of these Rules. one turning point in the hiking strap support line that are not The spars, sails, battens, centreboard, rudder, and the placing attached to the hull or hiking strap. of fittings and equipment shall conform to the Measurement 1 January 2016 Diagrams. The measurement tolerances are intended to allow 4(f) National Letters: updated wording with instructions for for necessary manufacturing tolerances and shall not be used positioning of letters on new MKII sail. to alter the design. 1 February 2015 2. MEASUREMENT 3(h) ii Traveller: A spliced eye allowed. Previous interpretation In the case of a dispute alleging non-compliance with the Construction Manual, the matter, together with any relevant 4(h) National Flag: new rule adopting World Sailing standard information, shall be referred to the Chief Measurer of the position of flags when country flags are required by NoR International Laser Class Association at the International Office (currently only at World Cup events organized by World Sailing). who shall give a final ruling in consultation with a World Sailing 10. Advertising: change to prohibit advertising or graphics on Technical Officer. the sail window In the case of a measurement dispute on the hull, spars, sail, 14(d) Centreboard: allowing vertical cuts in the anti-wear strip battens, centreboard and rudder, rigging, type of fittings and at front of centreboard box. Previous interpretation. equipment and the placing of same not explicitly covered 15(k) Rudder: new rule allowing padding either side of the by these Rules, Measurement Diagrams and Measurement head of the rudder blade up to a max 20.3mm. Previous By-Laws the following procedure shall be adopted: interpretation. A sample of 10 other boats shall be taken and measured using 18(c) Boom and traveller blocks: new rule allowing the identical techniques. The dimensions of the disputed boat original blocks to be replaced by new “builder supplied” shall be equal to, or between the maximum and minimum blocks. Most boats now supplied with new blocks. dimensions obtained from these 10 boats. If the boat in 26(c) Repairs and Maintenance: re-word to clarify “fixings”. question is outside these dimensions the matter, together Previous interpretation. with any relevant information, shall be referred to the Chief Measurer of the International Laser Class Association at the INTRODUCTION International Office, who shall give a final ruling. If any of the The principle of the Laser Class Rules is that dimensions of the sample are considered to be unusual, all no changes to the boat are allowed unless they are relevant information shall be referred by the Class Association specifically permitted by the class rules. to World Sailing. The English text of the Laser Class Rules shall govern. 3. CONTROL SYSTEMS, CONTROL LINES AND FITTINGS (a) Control System Definitions OBJECT PART ONE i The Cunningham, outhaul, vang, traveller and The Laser is a strict one-design dinghy where the true test, mainsheet are the Control Line Systems. The when raced, is between helmspersons and not boats and equipment. cunningham, outhaul and vang Control Line Systems may include more than one Control Line as allowed in FUNDAMENTAL RULE Rules 3(d)i, 3(e)i and 3(f)i. Each Control Line shall be The Laser shall be raced in accordance with these a single piece of uniform thickness and material. A line Rules, with only the hull, equipment, fittings, spars, is a Control Line if any of the line moves along its axis sail and battens manufactured by a World Sailing and during adjustment of the Control Line System. A line International Laser Class Association (ILCA) approved that exclusively attaches items together is a Tie Line. builder in strict adherence to the Laser design ii For the purpose of these definitions, the Standard specification (known as the Construction Manual) which is registered with World Sailing. Fittings are the: Plastic cunningham fairlead No addition or alteration may be made to the hull form, Plastic cunningham clam cleat construction, equipment, type of equipment, placing of equipment, fittings, type of fittings, placing of fittings, Mainsheet block spars, sail and battens as supplied by the builder Plastic outhaul clam cleat except when such an alteration or change is specifically Plastic outhaul fairlead authorised by Parts 2 or 3 of these Rules. Vang cleat block HULL IDENTIFICATION Vang key block All Lasers shall have an identification number moulded into Vang key the deck under the bow eye or into the transom, which shall Plastic traveller fairleads be either the sail number or a unique production number. Plastic traveller clam cleat 28 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 iii An “Optional” fitting is a fitting or block that replaces, cam cleats (cunningham or is additional to, a Standard Fitting as allowed by and outhaul) which have these Rules. fixing hole centres of 27 iv A “Builder Supplied” fitting replaces a Standard mm. The two cam cleats Fitting, and is supplied only by the Builder, as may include a bridge and allowed by these Rules. a fairlead with or without v A “Turning Point” is a sheave (pulley) in a block, a rollers on the aft exit. rope loop, a rope loop reinforced with a thimble, the d) Control lines shall not be tied to any of the outhaul fairlead, a shackle, part of a fitting, sail cringle, cunningham fairlead, the “Builder Supplied” deck mast or boom around which a moving Control block fitting and the “Optional” blocks attached Line passes, except that the cunningham fairlead, to it, the cunningham clam cleat or the “Builder the “Optional” blocks attached to the “Builder Supplied” deck cleat base and the “Optional” cam Supplied” deck block fitting, the cunningham clam cleats, cleat bridge and fairleads attached to it. cleat, and the “Optional” cam cleats attached to ix. Rope loop handles covered with plastic/rubber tube the “Builder Supplied” deck cleat base will not be and/or tape may be included anywhere on the free counted as “Turning Points” in Rules 3(e)i and 3(f)i. end of a control line. vi When an “Optional” block, or shock cord is x. The free ends of different control lines (except attached to a fitting, line, mast, boom or the sail, it mainsheet) may be tied together and/or tied to any may be attached either with or without a shackle, deck fitting or the centreboard, the centreboard clips, balls, hooks and/or a tie line. handle or a rope loop used to attach a retaining line. (b) Control Lines and Fittings Free ends of control lines shall not be tied to shock i. Control lines shall be natural or synthetic rope, except cord (except mainsheet). that aramid fibre (e.g. kevlar) is not permitted for the xi. To secure the mast in the event of a capsize, a boom vang or cunningham control systems. loose retention line or shock cord (that will allow 180 ii. Control lines shall be of uniform thickness and shall degree plus mast rotation) shall be tied/attached not be tapered except for the purpose of a splice at between the cunningham fairlead or the deck block the load bearing attachment point. fitting and the mast tang or gooseneck. Clips, iii. In a control line system where more than one control hooks, shackles and balls may be used to attach the line is permitted, lines of different diameter shall not retention line. be joined together. xii Reference points (marks) may be placed on the iv. “Optional” blocks allowed in cunningham, vang deck, spars and ropes. or outhaul control systems, shall have sheaves of (c) Mainsheet – also see Rules 3(a) & 3(b) diameter not less than 15 mm and not more than 30 i. The mainsheet shall be a single line, and be mm. attached to the becket of the aft boom block, and Thimbles allowed to reinforce rope loops used as then passed through the traveller block, the aft boom “Turning Points” in the cunningham, vang and outhaul block, boom eye strap, forward boom block and the control line systems shall not exceed 40mm in length. mainsheet block. After the mainsheet block it shall v. Only single or double “Optional” blocks shall be be knotted, or tied, so that the end of the mainsheet used. A single block means a block with one sheave; cannot pull through the mainsheet block. The a double block means a block with two sheaves. mainsheet shall not be controlled aft of the forward “Optional” blocks may include a becket, a swivel and/ boom block except to facilitate a tack or gybe. or a shackle. ii. The tail of the mainsheet may also be knotted or tied vi. The plastic fairleads and plastic clam cleats may be to either the base of the mainsheet block, the hiking replaced in the same position with an identical size strap, the hiking strap support line, or the hiking strap and shape fitting made of metal. shock cord. This option, if used, satisfies the knotting vii. The plastic cunningham fairlead may be replaced requirement in 3(c)i. with one of the same type which has a stainless steel iii. The mainsheet block may be replaced by any type insert, and has the same screw hole positions. of single block with or without an internal or attached viii. “Builder Supplied” Deck Fittings (Deck Block Fitting jamming device, and mounted in the position shown and Deck Cleat Base) on the measurement diagram. The block may be supported by a spring, ball, plastic tube or tape. a) The cunningham fairlead may be replaced in the iv. One mainsheet clam or cam cleat of any type may same position with a “Builder be mounted on each side deck in the position shown Supplied” deck block fitting on the measurement diagram. which may have one or two (d) Vang – also see Rules 3(a) & 3(b) single “Optional” blocks i. The vang system shall be between the mast tang attached. and the boom key fitting and shall be comprised of “Optional” blocks shall not be attached to the the vang cleat block, the vang key block, a maximum cunningham fairlead. of two control lines, loops and/or “Optional” blocks Either the cunningham fairlead alone, or the for additional purchase with a maximum of 7 “Builder Supplied” deck block fitting with single “Turning Points”. “Optional” block(s) attached may be used to lead ii. The vang cleat block shall be attached directly to the the cunningham and/or outhaul control lines to mast tang, or to an “Optional” swivel that shall be the deck cleat(s) attached to the mast tang. b) The “Optional deck blocks may be supported with iii. A shackle may be used to attach the vang cleat block a spring, ball, plastic tube or tape. or the swivel to the mast tang. c) The cunningham clam cleat may be replaced iv. The swivel, shackle or swivel/shackle combination in the same position with a “Builder Supplied” shall not exceed 80 mm in length when measured deck cleat base for attaching two “Optional” under tension.

29 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 v. The vang key block may be fitted with a spare key. once. The outhaul fairlead shall be at least one of vi. The key may be straight or bent, and it may be held the maximum of 6 “Turning Points” permitted by in the key way with either tape, elastic or velcro. Rule 3(f)i. vii. The vang key block may be replaced with an iii. Additional purchases may be obtained by forming “Optional” vang key block which may have a spare rope loops in the line or adding “Optional” blocks key. to the line, and/or using the outhaul fairlead, the outhaul clam cleat, the boom, the mast or viii. “Optional “single blocks may be attached to one or gooseneck fitting. both sides of the vang cleat block, using a clevis pin or bolt through the attachment hole in the vang cleat An “Optional’ block may be attached to the outhaul block. fairlead, provided Rule 3(f)ii is also satisfied. ix. The mast tang hole may be drilled to take a larger An “Optional” block may be attached to the outhaul pin. clam cleat. x. “Builder Supplied” Vang Cleating Fitting iv. An “Optional” block may be attached to the clew of the sail, or to a quick release system, or be part of a a) The vang cleat block may be replaced with a quick release system. “Builder Supplied” vang cleating fitting which incorporates “Turning Points” and a cam cleat. v. One or two “Optional” blocks may be attached to These photos show the 2 Class legal “Builder the gooseneck fitting, or at the mast/gooseneck Supplied” vang cleating fittings: junction with their “Turning Points” not more than 100mm from the centre of the gooseneck bolt. (The gooseneck may be inverted.) The blocks in this rule may also be attached to the gooseneck with a bolt or a pin.

vi. A shock cord may be used as an inhaul on the clew vii. Shock cord and/or rope loops (rope loops may be part of the control line) can be tied around the boom and/or the outhaul control lines to retain the outhaul lines close to the boom. b) The fitting shall be attached directly to the viii. Deck Led Outhaul System mast tang. a) When led to the deck, the outhaul control line c) The fitting shall not be modified in any way. shall pass only once through the cunningham fairlead or the outhaul “Optional” single block (e) Cunningham – also see Rules 3(a) & 3(b) attached to the “Builder Supplied” deck block i. The cunningham system shall consist of a fitting and shall pass only once through the maximum three control lines, “Optional” blocks or “Optional” cam cleat attached to the “Builder loops for purchase with a maximum of 5 “Turning Supplied” deck cleat base. Points”. b) The boom outhaul clam cleat shall not be ii. The cunningham control line shall be securely removed. attached to any of the mast, gooseneck, mast tang, (g) Clew Tie Down – also see Rules 3(a) & 3(b) swivel or shackle that may be used to attach the vang cleat block to the mast tang, the cunningham i. The clew of the sail shall be attached to the boom attachment point on the “Builder Supplied” vang by either a tie line or a cleating fitting or the becket of an optional becket webbing strap with or block fixed on the cunningham attachment point on without a fastening device the 'Builder-supplied' vang. wrapped around the boom and through the sail cringle, The cunningham control line shall pass through the a quick release system sail tack cringle as a moving line. attached to a tie line or The sail tack cringle shall be at least one of the soft strap wrapped around maximum of 5 “Turning Points” permitted by the boom, or a "Builder Rule 3(e)i. Supplied" stainless steel boom slide with quick iii. Additional purchases may be obtained using rope release system. An additional outhaul extension tie loops, “Optional” blocks and using any of the boom, line may be added between the clew of the sail and sail tack cringle, gooseneck fitting, mast tang, the outhaul or the quick release system. shackle attaching vang cleat block or swivel, the ii. If the clew tie down is a tie line, it may be passed swivel, or the cunningham attachment point on a through solid balls with holes and/or tubes to reduce “Builder Supplied” vang cleating fitting. friction. iv. Deck Block Fitting and Deck Cleat Base (h) Traveller – also see Rules 3(a) & 3(b) The cunningham control line shall pass only once i. The traveller shall be a single line. It shall be rigged through the cunningham fairlead or “Optional” as a simple closed loop through the traveller eyes single block attached to the “Builder Supplied” deck and the free end passing through the traveller cleat. block fitting and shall pass only once through the A splice that does not extend through the nearest cunningham clam cleat or “Optional” cam cleat traveller eye may be used at the non-free end. attached to the “Builder Supplied” deck cleat base. ii. A spring, ball or tape may be used between the (f) Outhaul – also see Rules 3(a) & 3(b) traveller blocks. i. The outhaul system shall consist of a maximum 4. SAIL REGISTRATION NUMBERS, NATIONAL of two control lines, “Optional” blocks or loops for LETTERS AND NATIONAL FLAG purchase and a maximum of 6 “Turning Points”. (For Laser Radial and 4.7 sail number positions ii. The outhaul control line shall be attached to either please see part 4 rule 29(e) and 30(e) the end of the boom, the outhaul fairlead, the sail, (a) For Lasers up to sail number 148199, the sail or a quick release system, and shall pass through number is a number moulded into the deck under the boom outhaul fairlead as a moving line at least the bow eye or into the transom, or displayed on a

30 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 plate attached to the rear of the cockpit. be placed along the top edge of the seam below the For Lasers with sail numbers from 148200, the sail bottom batten pocket (+ or - 12mm), for the MKII number is the number displayed on a unique World sail on a Base Line 400mm (+ or - 12mm) below Sailing Building Plaque attached to the rear of the the bottom batten pocket and on the port side of cockpit. the sail along a line 400 mm (+ or – 12mm) below and parallel to the letters on the starboard side. (b) All numbers shall be in accordance with the Racing The starboard letters shall commence 100 mm (+ Rules of Sailing except as amended by these or - 12 mm) from the leech and the port letters shall rules in respect of type, positioning and minimum finish 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) from the leech. The dimensions: letters shall all be the same colour, which may be Height 300 mm. one of the colours of the digits of the sail number, Width 200 mm (excluding number 1). or another distinctive colour [also see diagrams on Thickness 45 mm. pages 52-55]. Space between adjoining numbers minimum 50 mm. National Letters shall be required at all World Championships, Regional Championships and Sail numbers shall be regularly spaced. events described as international events in the Numbers on the starboard side shall be placed notice of race or sailing instructions. National above those on the port side. Letters may be required at any other regatta by the Each sail number digit shall be of one colour only. notice of race or sailing instructions. The sail numbers shall be solid and easy to read. (g) RED RHOMBUS After 1st March 1998 - sail numbers and national i. Sails used in the following women’s events shall letters shall only be adhesive numbers. The use of carry a red rhombus above the top batten pocket on permanent ink pens or similar to mark numbers and both sides; national letters on the sail is prohibited. a. World or regional (continental) championships. (c) For sails with numbers above 153000 and sails b. Events described as “international events” purchased after 1st June 1993 the sail numbers by the Notice of Race or Sailing Instructions. shall be glued or sewn on each side of the sail, with c. Other events that prescribe in the Notice of Race the bottom of the numbers on the starboard side of or Sailing Instructions that women competitors the sail placed along a line parallel to and 400 mm should be identified. (+ or - 12 mm) below the seam at the middle batten pocket. The bottom of the numbers on the port side ii. The minimum size and approximate position shall of the sail shall be placed on a line 400 mm (+ or - 12 comply with diagram on page 36. mm) below and parallel to the bottom of the numbers iii. The rhombus may be retained for racing in other on the starboard side of the sail. The starboard sail events. numbers shall commence 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) (h) NATIONAL FLAG from the leech and the port side numbers shall end If required by the Notice of Race and the Sailing 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) from the leech. Instructions, a national flag with a nominal size of (For additional guidance, see the Instructions 567 x 337 mm shall be applied to both sides of the for Applying Sail Numbers on p. 45 along with mainsail. For the Standard and Radial sails, flags accompanying diagrams on pp. 46 - 49). shall be positioned such that the aft edge of the flag (d) Sail numbers from 131000, sails purchased after 1st is within 100 and 150 mm of the leech and between June 1993 and new sails stamped “New Numbers” the sail numbers and the batten pocket below shall have numbers that are clearly visible with the the sail numbers. The flag shall be approximately last four digits of the number in one dark, distinctive parallel with the sail numbers and letters and shall colour or black and any preceding numbers in a not touch the numbers. For the 4.7 sail, the flag different, contrasting, distinctive colour (red is shall be positioned within 100 and 150 mm of the recommended). leech but below and within 50 mm of the bottom batten pocket. The flag shall be printed on separate (e) Exceptions to this Rule are permitted: material applied to the sail. The use of permanent ink i. when the hull and/or sail are provided by the pens or similar to make a national flag is forbidden. organisers for an event and after approval of the The national flag shall correspond to the national International Laser Class Association, the numbers letters. on the sail used for that event only may be single, 5. MAST double or triple digit numbers. No mast which has a permanent bend shall be used at any ii. in the case of a Laser borrowed or chartered for time. a specific event, and after written approval from the Race Committee, a competitor may use a sail 6. CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT with numbers that are different to the sail number (a) In alteration of RRS 43.1 (b) the maximum total allocated to the hull. The sail number used shall be weight of competitors’ clothing and equipment shall the sail number allocated to the competitor’s own be 9kg (for Laser Radial and 4.7 rigs please see part Laser. When the competitor does not own a Laser, 4). the number used on the sail shall be the number of (b) Competitors shall not wear or carry non floating the Laser chartered. clothing or equipment which in total weight exceeds iii. when a sail is damaged during a series and Rule 7 500 grammes dead weight except protective sailing (c) applies the sail number may contravene Rules 4 clothing. (a) and (e) ii only when written permission for a sail (c) For the purposes of weighing clothing and equipment number change is given by the Race Committee. as required by RRS Appendix H three coat hangers (f) National Letters, if required, shall conform to the may be used instead of a rack. same type, size, spacing and requirements as sail 7. SAILING REQUIREMENTS numbers (refer rule 4(b), (c), (d) and (e)) and shall be (a) The Laser shall be raced with either one or two positioned as follows: persons aboard. The letters on the starboard side of the MKI sail shall When two persons race a Laser they shall race together throughout the entire race or series of races 31 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 without alternating at the helm. parallel to the top of the centreboard is permitted. A (b) No part of the helmsman or crew may be placed plastic/rubber tube and/or tape are permitted on the forward of the mast while racing. handle of the centreboard. (c) Sails (b) The trailing edge of the centreboard may be In a series of races a sail shall not be changed for sharpened by sanding the blade between the another unless written permission for an individual trailing edge and a line 100 mm parallel to the change is obtained from the race committee. Written trailing edge, provided the distance between the permission shall only be given in the event of a sail leading edge and the trailing edge of the blade is damaged beyond repair or damaged to the extent not reduced. that it cannot be repaired before the start of the (c) Surface refinishing of the centreboard is permitted next race in a series. In the event of a change the provided the original shape, thickness and damaged sail shall not be used again in that series characteristics are not altered. even if it is subsequently repaired. (d) One layer of any material of maximum 2mm For the purpose of this rule, a series is deemed to be thickness and of a maximum size of 30mm x two or more individual races which count towards an 30mm may be applied at the top front corner of overall points total. the centreboard case. Vertical cuts are allowed in 8. HULL COATINGS the material to allow the material to conform to the shape of the centreboard case. The use of slowly soluble applications which might alter the boundary layer characteristics of the hull are prohibited. (e) A wood centreboard shall not be used on a hull that was originally supplied with a non wood 9. CLASS ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP centreboard. No person is permitted to race a Laser in any Fleet, (f) A tie line or shock cord shall be attached to the interFleet, District, or other sanctioned event unless at small hole in the upper forward corner of the least one member of the crew is a current member of centreboard, and any of the bow eye, the the International Laser Class Association (a member of a cunningham fairlead, the “Builder Supplied” deck District Laser Association duly established in accordance block fitting and the mast to prevent loss of the with the Constitution is a member of the International Laser centreboard in event of a capsize. The tie line or Class Association). shock cord may be looped around the bow, but shall 10. ADVERTISING not be attached to the gunwale. Attachment can be Advertising, including competitor advertising, is permitted in by knots or loops in the shock cord, and/or tie lines, accordance with World Sailing Regulation 20 - Advertising shackles, clips, hooks or eyes. When the shock code; except that the sail window shall be kept free of cord is attached to the bow eye it may also pass advertising or other graphic material. through an attachment to the “Builder Supplied” [Note: For information about World Sailing Regulation 20, see: deck block fitting or the cunningham fairlead. http://www.sailing.org/documents/regulations/regulations.php] (g) The components of the "Builder Supplied" centreboard stopper may be secured together by glue, screws, bolts, nuts and washers, provided the PART THREE original shape and dimensions are not reduced. OPTIONS & EXCEPTIONS 15. RUDDER TO PARTS ONE & TWO (a) The trailing edge of the rudder blade may be 11. HULL FINISH sharpened by sanding the blade between the (a) Waxing, polishing and fine wet and dry sanding of trailing edge and a line 60 mm parallel to the trailing the hull is permitted, provided the intention and effect edge, provided the distance between the leading is to polish the hull only. Polishing/sanding shall not edge and the trailing edge of the blade is not be used to remove mould imperfections. reduced. (b) Sanding and refinishing of the hull with the (b) Surface refinishing of the rudder blade is permitted intention or effect to lighten the hull or improve the provided that the original shape, thickness and performance, finish, materials or shape beyond the characteristics are not altered. original is not permitted. (c) The rudder blade and/or rudder head holes may be 12. TRANSOM DRAIN BUNG enlarged up to a maximum diameter of 10mm. The A retaining line may be attached to the transom drain bung rudder bolt and bush set may be replaced with a and the gudgeon. larger diameter bolt to fit this hole. The bolt head, 13. SELF BAILER nut and washers shall fall within a 20mm diameter A self-bailing device as supplied only by the builder may be circle. added. The bailer may be sealed with tape, filler or glue (d) To achieve the maximum 78 degree rudder angle along its edge where it joins the hull and at the screw hole. relative to the bottom edge of the rudder head, the Filling the screw hole level with the flat surface of the bailer leading edge of the blade may be cut away where it is permitted. Fairing the flat surface of the bailer to the hull touches the spacing pin. shape or changing the profile of the bailer is not permitted. (e) To restrict the rudder angle to maximum 78 degrees The drain bung may be removed from the self-bailer, and relative to the bottom edge of the rudder head, the self bailer opening pin may be secured to the cockpit the lower forward spacing pin shall be wound with floor with self adhesive plastic tape. The builder-supplied flexible adhesive tape. o-rings may be substituted with non builder-supplied alternatives provided the basic function of the bailer is (f) The rudder pintles may be fitted with spacers to lift unchanged. the rudder head to allow the tiller to clear the deck at the transom. 14. CENTREBOARD (g) The rudder downhaul line may have multiple (a) A rope handle passing through not more than two purchases. holes of maximum diameter 12.5 mm above a line drawn from the bottom of the centreboard stop, (h) A hole may be drilled in the top rudder pintle and a

32 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 pin or clip inserted in the hole to prevent loss of the (d) A shock cord may be attached between the aft end rudder. of the hiking strap and to either the traveller cleat, (i) A wood rudder shall not be used on a hull that was or the hiking strap eye straps at the aft end of the originally supplied with a non wood rudder. cockpit. (j) The rudder shall be maintained in the full down 18. BOOM position except whilst racing in water less than (a) A metal sleeve supplied by the builder of maximum 1.5m deep unless otherwise specified in the sailing length 900 mm may be fixed inside the boom. The instructions. sleeve shall not extend aft of the point 1220 mm (k) Padding of uniform thickness may be used in the from the front end of the boom (including plug). gap between the rudder blade and rudder head. This (b) The stainless steel mainsheet eye strap between padding must cover completely the part of the rudder the two blocks on the boom may be replaced with blade that comes in contact with the rudder head. a soft strap. The maximum width of the soft strap The thickness of the rudder blade plus the padding shall be 26mm. The soft strap shall only be fixed to must not exceed 20.3mm. the boom using the holes drilled by the builder as shown in the diagram below. 16. TILLER (c) Traveller and Boom (a) The tiller and tiller extension are not restricted in any mounted mainsheet way except that the tiller: blocks may be replaced i. shall be capable of being removed from the rudder w i t h t h e " B u i l d e r head. Supplied" blocks shown ii. shall be fitted with a cleat, hook, pin or eye to secure in the photo. the downhaul. 19. MAST iii. shall, except for normal wear caused by the traveller (a) To prevent abrasion of the mast step, a tube or rope, be straight along its topmost edge between a collar of uniform thickness not exceeding 1 mm point 30 mm in front of the forward edge of the rudder may be placed around the entire circumference of head and the cockpit end of the tiller. the lower mast or the mast step cavity. The tube (b) The tiller may be fitted with an “anti wear” strip or or collar shall not extend more than 10 mm above tube of not more than 200 mm in length placed above deck level. the level of the straight edge required by 16 (a) iii and In addition, a disc of uniform thickness not only where the traveller crosses the tiller. exceeding 1mm in thickness may be placed in the (c) The use of a tiller retaining pin is optional. bottom of the mast step. 17. HIKING STRAP (b) The mast or mast cavity may be lubricated. (a) The hiking strap may be substituted with any type of (c) Tape or other bushing material may be applied to non-stretch material and it may be padded. both the plastic end cap, the collar of the upper mast and the upper mast to ensure a snug fit. The (b) The hiking strap may be fixed to the cockpit at tape or bushing material may only be used on that the forward end by wrapping the strap around the portion of the plastic parts that actually slide into the mainsheet block plastic pressure plate or by using lower section and/or between the upper mast and both the centreboard friction attachment plate and the collar and it shall be a uniform thickness around the mainsheet block plastic pressure plate. the circumference. Taping or bushing material (c) The hiking strap supporting line between the aft above the collar to fair the collar into the mast is end of the hiking strap and the eye straps on the aft prohibited. face of the cockpit may be rigged in any manner so (d) Flexible adhesive tape may be applied to the that the hiking strap is fixed or adjustable and may outside of the joint of the upper and lower mast include one cleat; one ring, thimble, or shackle; or sections to a limit of 40mm above and below the both.

CROSS SECTIONS THROUGH BOOMS AND SOFT STRAPS SHOWING THE ONLY LEGAL FIXING OPTIONS

BOOM STRA BOOM

ORIGINAL

3. NO BOOM SHAL BOOM NO 3.

2. HOLES FOR OPTIONS 2 2 OPTIONS FOR HOLES 2.

1. 15mm DIMENSION MARKED * IS NOMINA IS * MARKED DIMENSION 15mm 1. NOTES:

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3 SINGLE RIVET OPTION, SOFT TWO RIVET OPTION TWO RIVET OPTION STRAP MAY BE, BUT DOES NOT ON SOFT STRAP SEWN ON SHORT SOFT STRAP

HAVE TO BE, SEWN INTO A LOOP INTO A LOOP ST

P P

AINLESS STEEL AINLESS

POSITION

L L

BE DRILLED WITH WITH DRILLED BE

AND 3 3 AND

EYE STRA EYE

ARE POSITIONED POSITIONED ARE

THREE HOLES HOLES THREE

P L Diagram for Rule 18(b)

AT FIT

15mm*

THE THE

SOFT STRAP THE SOFT STRAP MAINSHEET IN NORMAL SAILING POSITION 33 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 joint to prevent rotation of the mast sections at the if the fittings are replaced in accordance with the joint. Measurement Diagrams. Any holes in the top section 20. INSPECTION PORTS of the mast shall be permanently sealed with a rivet or similar to maintain the buoyancy of the mast. . Inspection ports not exceeding 153 mm internal diameter may be installed on the deck or in the cockpit to provide (d) Sail panels and luff sleeves shall not be replaced. access to the hull cavity, provided that any inspection (e) Any flotation equipment (flotation foam blocks or port is fitted with watertight threaded covers (any bayonet Cubitainer inserts) that is defective or has been mounted parts are deemed to be not threaded). removed shall be replaced by fully air filled, builder Storage receptacles are permitted underneath hatch supplied, Cubitainer inserts which shall have an covers. equal volume to the defective or removed flotation equipment. 21. CLIPS AND STORAGE BAGS (f) The use of lubricants is unrestricted except that they Clips, ties or bags to stow or secure safety or other shall not be used on the hull (below the gunwales). equipment may be used on the deck, in the cockpit, around the mast or boom. 27. REEFING 22. COMPASS, ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT AND The sail may be reefed by rolling the sail around the mast 1 TIMING DEVICES or 2 times. (a) One compass mounted on any part of the deck or 28. BOAT OR BODY MOUNTED CAMERA the cockpit is permitted if the hull cavity is not pierced by One camera may be attached to the sailor or may be anything other than the fasteners. Compasses may not mounted on the boat if the hull cavity is not pierced by be fitted to inspection ports. An additional wrist mounted anything other than the fasteners. compass is permitted. Electronic, self-contained, digital compasses using only magnetic input are permitted. PART FOUR (b) Timing devices are permitted. LASER RADIAL RIG AND (c) A timing device and electronic compass may be integrated in the same device. LASER 4.7 RIG OPTIONS (d) A compass or timing device must not be capable of Part 4 of the Laser Class Rules shall be read in displaying, delivering, transmitting, receiving, calculating, conjunction with the remainder of the Laser Class Rules. correlating or storing information about wind speed, wind When the Laser Radial or the Laser 4.7 rigs are used the direction, boat speed or boat position. Rules of Parts 1, 2, 3 and 5 of the Laser Class Rules apply (e) Any use of electronic equipment not specifically allowed except where specifically amended by Part Four. in the rules is prohibited unless the rules are modified by 29. LASER RADIAL the sailing instructions. (a) The Laser Radial sail and bottom mast as supplied 23. WIND INDICATORS by an approveed Builder shall conform to the (a) Wind indicators may be attached as desired measurement diagrams which form part of these provided the sail is not cut and the buoyancy Rules. qualities of the hull and mast are not impaired. (b) The Laser Radial rig may be used in any Laser (b) Ribbons, wool or similar wind indicators may be regatta subject to the conditions in 29 (c) and attached to the sail. any restrictions in the Notice of Race and Sailing 24. TAPE AND LINE Instructions. The use of flexible adhesive tape or similar or line is (c) The Laser Radial rig may only be used in District permitted to secure shackle pins and clips, and to bind Championships and higher level regattas when sheets, control lines and rigging, except that tape or line prescribed in the Notice of Race and Sailing shall not be used to construct new fittings or modify the Instructions. function of existing fittings. (d) In a series of races a Laser Radial rig shall not be 25. SAFETY EQUIPMENT changed for a Laser or Laser 4.7 rig. A series is 2 Any additional equipment required by an international, or more races that count towards an overall points national or other governing authority for safety purposes total. may be fitted or carried provided it is not used in (e) SAIL REGISTRATION NUMBERS & NATIONAL contravention of the FUNDAMENTAL RULE. LETTERS 26. REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE Rules 4(c) and (f) shall be amended to read as follows: (a) Repairs and preventative maintenance to the sail, 4(c) For Laser Radial sails with numbers above 153000 hull, deck, centreboard, rudder, mast, boom or and sails purchased after 1st June 1993 the sail any fittings and fixings may be carried out without numbers shall be glued or sewn on each side of the violation of these Rules provided such repairs sail, with the bottom of the numbers on the starboard are made in such a way that the essential shape, side of the sail placed along a line parallel to and characteristics or function of the original are not 400 mm (+ or - 12 mm) below the underside of the affected. middle batten pocket. The bottom of the numbers on (b) In the event of the failure of any fittings, or the the port side of the sail shall be placed on a line 400 replacement of fittings as authorised by these mm (+ or - 12 mm) below and parallel to the bottom Rules, the fitting or the replacement shall be the of the numbers on the starboard side of the sail. The same type as the original and shall be placed in a starboard sail numbers shall commence 100 mm (+ position conforming to the Measurement Diagrams. or - 12 mm) from the leech and the port side numbers shall finish 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) from the leech. (c) Preventative maintenance includes the replacement of fasteners (screws, bolts, nuts, washers and rivets) (For additional guidance, see the Instructions provided the replacement does not alter the function for Applying Sail Numbers on p. 45 along with of the fitting. The tolerances of the Measurement accompanying diagrams on pp. 46 - 49). Diagrams shall not be used to alter the position of 4(f) National Letters, if required, shall conform to the fittings. In addition the reversing of spars is permitted same type, size, spacing and requirements as sail

34 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 numbers (refer rule 4(b), (c), (d) and (e)) and shall The port side numbers shall be placed along a be positioned as follows (also see diagram): line 270mm below and parallel to the bottom of The top of the letters on the starboard side of the the starboard side numbers. The starboard side sail shall be placed on the bottom edge of the numbers shall commence 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) bottom batten pocket and its extension (+ 12 mm). from the leech and the port side numbers shall end The starboard letters shall commence 100 mm 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) from the leech. (+ or - 12 mm) from the leech. The bottom of the (For additional guidance, see the Instructions letters on the port side shall be placed on a line 400 for Applying Sail Numbers on p. 45 along with mm (+ or - 12 mm) below and parallel to the bottom accompanying diagrams on pp. 46 - 49). of the letters on the starboard side of the sail. The 4(f) National letters, if required, shall conform to the port letters shall finish 100 mm (+ or - 12 mm) from same type, size, spacing and requirements as the leech. The letters shall all be the same colour, Laser 4.7 numbers (refer rule 29 (e) 4 (b)). which may be one of the colours of the digits of the sail number, or another distinctive colour. For all Laser 4.7 sails with numbers from 190000, and for sails purchased from 1 April 2006 onwards, National Letters shall be required at all World The bottom of the starboard side letters shall Championships, Regional Championships and be placed along a line 270mm (+12mm) below events described as international events in the and parallel to the bottom of the numbers on the notice of race or sailing instructions. National port side and start 100mm (+ or –12mm) from Letters may be required at any other regatta by the the leech. The bottom of the letters on the port notice of race or sailing instructions. side shall be placed along a line 270mm (+12mm) (f) CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT below and parallel to the bottom of the letters on Rule 6(a) shall be amended to read as follows: the starboard side and finish 100mm (+ or –12mm) from the leech. 6(a) For the purposes of RRS 43.1 (b) the maximum total weight of competitors clothing and equipment For Laser 4.7 sails with numbers under 190000 shall be 9 kg. that were purchased before 1 April 2006, they may be placed as above or along the same line, 270mm 30. LASER 4.7 below and parallel to the bottom of the numbers (a) The Laser 4.7 sail and bottom mast as supplied on the port side, on opposite sides of the sail. The by an approved Builder shall conform to the letters on the port side shall be closer to the leech measurement diagrams which form part of these than those on the starboard side, with the port side Rules. letters finishing 100mm (+ or – 12mm) from the (b) The Laser 4.7 rig may be used in any Laser leech. regatta subject to the conditions in 30 (c) and National Letters shall be required at all World any restrictions in the Notice of Race and Sailing Championships, Regional Championships and Instructions. events described as international events in the (c) The Laser 4.7 rig may only be used in District notice of race or sailing instructions. National Championships and higher level regattas when Letters may be required at any other regatta by the prescribed in the Notice of Race and Sailing notice of race or sailing instructions. Instructions. The letters shall all be the same colour, which (d) In a series of races a Laser 4.7 rig shall not be may be one of the colours of the digits of the sail changed for a Laser or Laser Radial rig. A series is number, or another distinctive colour. 2 or more races that count towards an overall points (f) MAST total. Rule 5 shall be amended to read as follows: (e) SAIL REGISTRATION NUMBERS 5 The Laser 4.7 bottom mast is supplied with a Rules 4(b), 4(c) and 4(f) shall be amended to read as pre-bend aft of approximately 5 degrees. The follows: pre-bend shall not be increased or decreased. No 4(b) On Laser 4.7 sails all numbers shall be in top mast that has permanent bend in it shall be accordance with the Racing Rules of Sailing and used at any time. shall be of the following minimum dimensions: (g) CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT Height 220 mm. Rule 6(a) shall be amended to read as follows: Width 150 mm excluding No.1. 6(a) In alteration of RRS 43.1 (b) the maximum total Thickness 30 mm. weight of competitors clothing and equipment shall Note: Optimist Class legal numbers conform to be 8 kg. this rule. The maximum height to conform is 240mm. PART FIVE Space between adjoining numbers / letters and 31. AMENDMENTS rows minimum 30 mm. Amendments to these Rules shall be approved by Sail numbers shall be regularly spaced. each of: Numbers on the starboard side shall be placed (a) the World Council, above those on the port side. (b) the Advisory Council, Each number digit shall be one colour only. (c) at least two thirds of the membership replying The numbers shall be solid and easy to read. in writing to the International Office of the Class 4(c) For Laser 4.7 sails with numbers above 153000 in response to a postal ballot published by the and sails purchased after 1st June 1993 the sail International Office of the Class. Only those postal numbers shall be glued or sewn on each side of votes returned to the International Office within the sail, with the bottom of the starboard numbers 6 months from the date of publication of the rule placed along the top edge of a line placed 270mm change shall be valid, and (0 to +12mm) below and parallel to the seam (d) World Sailing. below the bottom edge of the middle batten pocket.

35 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 Class Rule Interpretations 1. Approved compasses that meet the requirements of Rule 22. Compass, Electronic Equipment and Timing Devices. A list of approved compasses can be found on the ILCA website - please go to the "Interpretations" tab under "Laser Class Rules". 2. Clam cleats: Interpretation to Rule 3(b) vi. Clam Cleats® of identical overall size and shape with attachment points are allowed. 3. Mast abrasion prevention: Interpretation to Rule 19 a. The tube or collar may be in two separate pieces in both the lower and upper locations as long as the total thickness does not exceed 1mm. 4. Sail Button: Interpretation to Rule 4. Sails are required to have an ILCA sail button. Standard MKII orange, Standard MKI, Radial and 4.7 red. 5. Eye Splice: Interpretation to Rule 3 b ii. Local variation of thickness is acceptable for the purpose of a splice at a load bearing point.

Instructions for Applying Red Rhombus For Women's Events

Sails used in the following women’s events shall carry a red rhombus above the top batten pocket on both sides; a. World or regional (continental) championships. b. Events described as “international events” by the Notice of Race or Sailing Instructions. c. Other events that prescribe in the Notice of Race or Sailing Instructions that women competitors should be identified. The minimum size and approximate position shall comply with diagrams below. The rhombus may be retained for racing in other events.

Laser 4.7 Laser Radial

36 Measurement Diagrams (pages 37 to 43 part of class rules)

All dimensions shown in millimetres

Measurements are shown only as a guide to replacement in the event of failure.

1. B. 2. B. A. A.

396

384

MAX

Mainsheet block shall be attached to eyestrap in position A. MI

Centreboard Brake shall be attached in position B. 7 Centreboard Brake in diagram 1 may be replaced with the

294 builder supplied Centreboard Brake shown in diagram 2,

290

available mid/late 2009 (see December 2008 LaserWorld

MAX or www.laserinternational.org) N

10 12 75

2538

Wooden 12 backing plates 2426

N are under the deck MAX

5 for the fitting of cam or clam cleats MI

MAX

Eyes at aft 50 6

4 end of cockpit MAX

MAX

23 MIN965

M MAX1067

37 LASER, LASER RADIAL & LASER 4.7 MAST TOP SECTION

MAX 3600 (INCLUDING TOP PLUG)

305 +/- 5

LASER, LASER RADIAL & LASER 4.7 BOOM

MAX 2740 AFT EDGE OF FITTING 1186 +/- 12 25 MAX, 8 MIN TO AFT EDGE OF FITTING

MAX 482 1047 +/- 25 71 +/- 12 AFTERMOST PART 1653 +/- 12 OF FITTING

All dimensions shown in millimetres (not to scale) STOPPER

DECKLINE

KEEL LINE

MAX 635 MAX 78 341 203

MAX 680 MAX 527

TRAILING EDGE

R=60 R=60

66 135

MAX 33 MAX MAX 20 MAX

38 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 LASER STANDARD MKI SAIL

Luff ½ foot and Leech & MAST BOTTOM SECTION measurements to be taken from front corner All dimensions shown in millimetres (not to scale) of luff sleeve.

MAX 965 ¾ LEECH BATTENS 600 MAX 400 MAX MAX 450 MIN 430

MAX 1720 ½ LEECH

AX 640 For Concave Batten Caps M MIN 620 please see page 43

¼ LEECH MAX 2330

MAX 640 MIN 620

385

185

M 90o 90o

LUFF LEECH MAX 5130 MAX 495 ½ FOOTMAX 5380 MAX 5570 FOOTMAX 2740

MAX 2865 (INCLUDING BASE PLUG) LOWEST PART OF FITTING

MIN 445 945 +/- 5

39 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 LASER STANDARD MKII SAIL & MAST BOTTOM SECTION Luff ½ Foot and All dimensions shown in millimetres (not to scale) Leech measurements to be taken from front corner of luff sleeve.

BATTENS (TAPERED) 750 MAX 600 MAX ¾ LEECH 400 MAX MAX 990

To be used exclusively on the Standard MKII Sail.

½ LEECH MAX 1760

¼ LEECH MAX 2345

FOOT MAX 2750

LEECH LUFF MAX 5555 ½ FOOT MAX 5120 MAX 5340

MAX 2865 (INCLUDING BASE PLUG) LOWEST PART OF FITTING

MIN 445 945 +/- 5

40 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 LASER RADIAL SAIL & MAST BOTTOM SECTION Luff ½ foot and Leech measurements to be All dimensions shown in millimetres (not to scale) taken from front corner of luff sleeve.

MAX 930 ¾ LEECH BATTENS 450 600 MAX X MA 400 MAX N 430 MI

MAX 1725 ½ LEECH

640 X MA 620 IN For Concave Batten Caps M please see page 43

¼ LEECH MAX 2345 640 X MA 620 MIN

385

185

100

M 90o 90o

LUFF LEECH MAX 4560 MAX 495 ½ FOOTMAX 4780 MAX 5010 FOOTMAX 2740

MAX 2262 (INCLUDING BASE PLUG) INNER SLEEVE 1400 FROM TOP OF BASE PLUG

MIN LOWEST PART OF FITTING 445 945 +/- 5

41 LASER 4.7 SAIL Luff and Leech measurements & MAST BOTTOM SECTION to be taken from front corner of All dimensions shown in millimetres (not to scale) luff sleeve. UPDATED AUGUST 2017

450 X MA N 430 MI MAX 835 ¾ LEECH BATTENS 600 MAX 400 MAX

MAX 1500 ½ LEECH 640 X 620 MA N MI For Concave Batten Caps please see page 43

¼ LEECH MAX 2060 640 X MA 620 MA N MI X

295

145

100

M o 90o 90

LUFF LEECH MAX 4085 MAX 4540 FOOTMAX 2480

MAX 1810 (INCLUDING BASE PLUG)

MIN 445

945 +/- 5 71-85

42 © ILCA Valid from 1st January 2018 Concave Batten Caps For Laser 4.7, Radial and Standard MKI (Cross Cut) Sails Not applicable for Standard MKII (Bi-Radial Cut) Sails

The diagrams below illustrate the methods to be used for the measurement of battens using both classic and concave end caps. Please see pages 39-42 for full sail and bottom section diagrams.

BATTEN MEASUREMENT LENGTH WHEN USING TWO CLASSIC END CAPS 400 mm MAXIMUM FOR TOP BATTEN 600mm MAXIMUM FOR LOWER BATTENS

BATTEN LENGTH IS BATTEN MEASUREMENT LENGTH WHEN USING MEASURED TO THE ONE CLASSIC END CAP AND ONE CONCAVE END CAP MIDDLE OF THE 400 mm MAXIMUM FOR TOP BATTEN CONCAVE END CAP 600mm MAXIMUM FOR LOWER BATTENS