1990 Comprehensive Plan for City Of
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l C C l r= C EADWOOD r DAKOTA c c ~ ~ r L c C c HISTORIC c PRESERVATION . C c c l COMPREHENSIVE HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN Prepared by: Community Services Collaborative csc The Spitznagel Partnership TSP Bennett, Ringrose, Wolsfeld, Jarvis, Gardner, Inc. BRW Hammer Siler George Associates HSG For: City of Deadwood, South Dakota Authors: John D. Feinberg (CSC) James Urbonas (CSC) William Byrne (BRW) Steve Markovetz (BRW) Ellen lttelson (Hammer Siler George Associates) January 18, 1991 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this document wish to express their gratitude for the timely and critical input of the following people during the planning process and review of the draft: Paul Putz and his staff, particularly Diane Cole, at the South Dakota State Historical Preservation Center, for their participation at public workshops, highly constructive 1 comments, insistence on authenticity, Paul's world view, and his agreement to disagree; Mark Wolfe, Deadwood Preservation Officer, who is the front-line worker trying to educate an entire community in historic preservation - he should receive a medal of valor for heroism under heavy fire; Herb Haist, City Planning Director and Admiral of the Fleet who has worked beyond human capacity to balance the forces of the community in the twin names of sanity and progress; and Bernie Williams, Zoning Administrator, who came to every meeting early and stayed late, and provided critical insight with wit and charm. During the development of the draft and the planning process the following people were instrumental participants with whom we met dozens of times in situation-review and strategy-development sessions: His Honor, Mayor Bruce Oberlander, who will undoubtedly make Ripley's Believe It or Not for having attended more meetings in one year than any other elected mayor with a supposedly full-time business of his own to run; David Larson, Chair of the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC), who can successfully represent preservation and economics concerns, and whose sharpness is never dull; Jon Mattson, HPC member, whose thoughtful input is always appreciated - a great organizer, and may it always snow on his slopes; Keith Umenthum, City Building Inspector, who is literally in the trenches every day looking after the health and safety of the community - may he contrive to win the war; the members of the HPC, the Planning Commission, and City Commission, and particularly those who never lost sight of the objective of limited gaming and showed balance in their judgement; Don Gromer, Executive Director of the Gaming Commission, who holds his cards close to his vest - we wish he wore shiny buttons. Most important, we want to particularly express our appreciation to the hundreds of citizens of Deadwood who participated in our workshops and provided time for interviews. You gave precious time to your community and allowed us to greatly increase our knowledge about Deadwood, your needs, and your dreams for a better place to live. To single out just one person as representing the best of the best . I at the workshops, we would like to honor Mel Allen for his knowledge and care about his community. We hope that for him, as well as for the others, this effort marks a -1 beginning of an expanded role in shaping the future of Deadwood. We have . I appreciated the support of the county as most delightfully represented by Hank Frawley, and others described previously. Deadwood has proven and will continue to prove to have all types of riches. Finally, we would like to thank the National Trust for Historic Preservation's Mountain and Plains Regional Office for their support of this project, and especially for the direct participation of Michael Matts who may one day learn how to actually play Texas Hold-Em. We await your return for lessons; Robert L. Spude, Ph.D., Chief, _j National Preservation Programs, Division of Cultural Resources, Rocky Mountain Regional Office, National Park Service, who took his valuable time, and that of his staff, to review the draft and provide his perspective to us, providing us with greater clarity of plan components and conclusions in regard to national concerns and practices. We look back at an exciting and rewarding planning experience a11d look forward to working with Deadwood in achieving its bright future. ._J TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Historical and Architectural Context......................................................................... 7 Historic Overview of Deadwood ........................................................................ 7 Architecture in Deadwood .................................................................................. 18 (ian1ing-Induced Growth ............................................................................................... 33 Com1nunity Vision ............................................................................................... 33 Gaming Revenues and Historic Preservation ................................................... 37 Marketing Tourism and Gaming ........................................................................ .40 Critical Con1n1unity Issues ........................................................................................... 43 Governance .......................................................................................................... 43 Development Regulations .................................................................................. 47 Infrastructure ....................................................................................................... 50 Housing/Neighborhoods ..................................................................................... 54 Public Facilities ................................................................................................... 56 Open Space, Parks and Recreation .................................................................... 57 Parking ................................................................................................................. 58 Streets and Circulation ....................................................................................... 64 Land Use .............................................................................................................. 67 Historic Resource Management ................................................................................ 69 Historic Preservation .......................................................................................... 69 Levels of Treatinent ............................................................................................ 79 Project Descriptions ............................................................................................ 87 Conceptual Interpretive Plan for Historic Resources ........................................... 91 Interpretive Theines ............................................................................................ 91 Audience for the Interpretive Themes ............................................................... 92 The Resources ..................................................................................................... 96 Interpretive Tools ................................................................................................ 99 Features of Proposed Interpretive Facilities .................................................... 104 A Sense of Tin1e and Place ................................................................................. 116 Visitor Management: Parking, Streets and Circulation Plan ................................ 117 Parking ................................................................................................................. 117 Streets/Circulation .............................................................................................. 128 Co1nrnunity Design Plans .............................................................................................. 133 Urban Design Analysis ....................................................................................... 133 Downtown Historic District Concept Plan ........................................................ 139 Downtown Historic District Plan ....................................................................... 140 Urban Design Components and Guidelines ....................................................... 163 View Analysis and Protection Plan ................................................................... 169 Community Open Space/Landscape Concept Plan ............................................ 173 Marketing Strategy ....................................................................................................... 181 Econo1nic Diversity ............................................................................................. 181 Approaches to Marketing ................................................................................... 182 Market Seg1nents ................................................................................................ 183 Funding and Priorities ................................................................................................... 189 Revenue Sources ................................................................................................