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Birds of the Southern and Western Lake Eyre Drainage F

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Birds of the Southern and Western Lake Eyre Drainage F MARCH,1979 29 BIRDS OF THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN LAKE EYRE DRAINAGE F. J. BADMAN Received August, 1978 The area under discussion extends north-west Following exceptional rainfall it may reach The from Marree to the Northern Territory border Macumba and eventually flow into Lake Eyre. and lies on both sides of the Marree-Alice Since the 1974 flood, dense scrub of eucalypts, Springs railway line. It extends north-east from acacias and Whitewood Atalaya hemiglauca has Marree as far as Lake Killamperpunna on grown along the course of The Finke, north of Cooper Creek, west to the Stuart Range and Alka Seltzer Bore. Honey,eaters and pardalotes south as far as Farina (see map). This region abound in this scrub. Thi~ is the only large area lies over the south-west comer of the Great of dense scrub in this region. Artesian Basin and there are numerous per­ Lake Eyre was filled following exceptionally manent waters at bores and natural springs. heavy rainfall in Queensland and South Many of the bores flow into drains, swamps and Australia during 1973-4. Very large numbers of lagoons, providing areas of dense vegetation birds were present on the lake as late as Novem­ (especially Cumbungi; Typha spp.) and large ber 1977, but these had completely disappeared areas of water. These provide suitable habitat by February 1978. This was probably due to an for many species of waterfowl and water-loving increase in the salinity of the water, causing the birds. Station dams also provide a semi-perm­ death of the fish in the lake, rather than to a anent source of water. After rain there are lack of water. In February 1978 water in the numerous swamps and waterholes which provide lake still stretched to the horizon, though more additional habitat for aquatic and semi-aquatic than one km of mud separated it from the species. shore. Lake Harry was also filled in 1973-4. The mean annual rainfall is under 150 mm Birds were still abundant there in October 1977 and is highly unreliable. During the period though the remaining water was very shallow: under review - the year 1977 and the first four The freshwater lakes of Cooper Creek were months of 1978 - rainfall was below average, filled towards the end of 1976 and Lake and most of the country (especially in the Killamperpunna was also partly refilled in 1977. south) was in poor shape. Rainfall recorded at These lakes contained large volumes of water Marree for 1977 was 78 rnm, with a further 13 ~nd many birds were present during my visit~ mm to April 30, 1978. At William Creek it was In October and November 1977. about 75 mm for 1977 and almost nothing for Vegetation on the plains is usually sparse. the first four months of 1978, 'and for Oodn~­ After rain ephemerals and grasses are common datta 9~ mm and.s:ven mm. Isolated heavy with th~ hardier saltbush Atriplex spp. and storms In the WIlham Creek area during ~hagcd!a spp. remaining throughout the drier October and November 1977 produced falls of ~p times. Tree growth is mainly restricted to the to 75 mm; and 65 mm fell at Wangianna watercourses. Coolibah Eucalyptus microtheca is In January 1978. Increased bird numbers were common and Red Gum E. camaldulensis is evident in both areas following the rain. found along several watercourses west of Marree Almost the whole of the region drains into ar;d, more co:nmonly, north of William Creek. Lake Eyre. All watercourses are usually dry Gidgea. Ac.acza. cambagei is found throughout, apart from isolated waterholes 'and soaks: and Mineritchie A. cyperophylla is found along Cooper Creek, to the east of Lake Eyre, stony creeks to the north of Oodnadatta carnes more water from central Queensland A:acias.are widespread, especially in the sandie; than from South Australia. The northern and SOlIs, WIth a few stands of Mulga A. aneura, western part of the area is drained by the most!y nort~ of Oodnadatta. Samphire Sali­ St.evenson, Hamilton, Alberga and Macumba cortua spp. IS common around the edges of salt RIVers, The Neales, Peake Creek and numerous lakes. and mound springs. Lignum Muehlen­ smaller creeks. Frome Creek flows into Lake beckia cunninghamii and Tea-tree Melaleuca Eyre ~rom the Flinders Ranges to the south. spp. are found along several watercourses. The FInke floods out along the western edge of The majority of the region consists of undul­ the Simpson Desert to the north of Lake Eyre. ating gibber plains and areas of ~andy soils, 30 SOUTH AUSTRALIAN ORNITHOLOGIST, 28 often with long, parallel ~unes. Low-lying, often Little has. been published concerning the avi­ marshy, country is associated with the line of f.auna of this area, and for this reason I should mound-springs that run from Marree west to I k h Cd' 1 e to pre~ent t es.e observations at this early owar Springs, then north-west as far as da.te. The information presented here is insuf- Dalhousie. The highest hills are the Peake- fi.clent to give a clear picture of either distribu­ Denison Range, north of William Creek which t re.ach a heiQ"ht. of 410 m at Mt, Margaret'. Other' Ion or s~atu~; yet it is hoped that it may provide ~ ~ome guidelines for other workers in this area hIgh ground .1S found in the Willouran Range, in the future. My own work in this area is west of Farina (325 m), the Stuart Range continuing. (under 240 m), and scattered mostly flat- Many of the aquatic and semi-aquatic species topped, hills mainly north of Oodnadatta seen may have dispersed from Lake Eyre and (under 300 m). the many other lakes that were filled in 1974. The north-east of the area consists of the Whether they will re~~n in, or return to (in parallel sand ridges of the Simpson Desert. The the case of seasonal visitors) the area remains dunes lie in a north-north-west to south-south- to be seen and is a .subject for further. study. east direction, and are covered with Canegrass Several of the Passeriformes were not recorded Zygochloa paradoxa, acacias and other shrubs. south of. William Creek, even though quite Porcupine Grass Triodia basedotoii is common common in the north of the region. Whether or in the inter-dunal corridors. not t~ese species will be present in this area followlllg better seasons is also a matter for This paper deals with my personal records for furt~er study. Also of interest is the large pro­ 1977 and the first four months of 1978. Some portion ~f raptors seen on each of my three visits earlier records, and some records for May and to Purm Bore. Of 50 species recorded in this June 1978 are also included where these increase locality on my visit during March 1978, eight the range of a species. I have lived in this area were birds of prey. Similar ratios were noted continuously since July 1976. During this time on my two earlier visits. This is a much higher I made several visits to different parts of the proportion than for the rest of the area. area. The principal of these are as follows: Following good general rains of from 50-100 1977: 3-12 March, Algebuckinna to Ocdna- mm throughout the whole of the area during datta, Mt. Willoughby, Todmorden and Nil- June and July 1978, I visited Cooper Creek pinna; April 6-11, Algebuc1dnna to Dalhousie and Lake Hope from 10-16 July. Some of the Springs, Abminga and Hamilton Stn.; May more interesting observations are also recorded 15-22, Algebuckinna to Dalhousie Springs, here, including two species not previously seen Purni Bore and Macumba Stn.; July by me in the area. 22-31, Mt, Dutton to Dalhousie, Purni Bore and I should like to take this opportunity to bring Abminga; October 3-10, William 0reek to to notice the presence of the feral cat and the Marree and Cooper Creek; November 12-13, Red Fox in the Simpson Desert. Several cats Marree to Cooper Creek; December 16-22; were seen by me up to 100 km east of Purni Marree to Nilpinna and Algebuckinna; 1978: Bore and a Red Fox was seen 45 km east of the January 29-February 3, Wangianna to William bore. All seemed to be in exceptionally good Creek, Warrina and the country east to Lake condition, especially the cats. Eyre; March 5-9, Marrec to Lake Eyre South; In the following list of birds, details are given March 23-April 2, Wangianna to Oodnadatta, of date recorded) numbers and habitat. Some Macumba, Simpson Desert, Mt, Dare, Abminga very common species are not listed individually, and Hamilton Stn, For the first eight months of but the location where they were seen is given, 1977 I was living at Algebuckinna and Mt. except where they were present throughout the Dutton, moving to William Creek and Coward whole area. Springs in August and to Wangianna in October The classification of birds follows that of A 1977. I remained at Wangianna until April Field List of the Birds of South Australia S.A. 1978. Om. Ass. (forthcoming revised ed.), MARCH,1979 31 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES RECORDED EMU Dromaius novaehollandiae east of Mt. Dare H.S., along The Finke, on Not a common species, although it was found March 29. throughout the region, sometimes in large GREAT CRESTED GREBE Podiceps cristatus groups. Found in all types of country, particu­ Condon (1969) gave Eurelia as the locality larly savannah.
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