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Venus Aerobot Multisonde Mission
w AIAA Balloon Technology Conference 1999 Venus Aerobot Multisonde Mission By: James A. Cutts ('), Viktor Kerzhanovich o_ j. (Bob) Balaram o), Bruce Campbell (2), Robert Gershman o), Ronald Greeley o), Jeffery L. Hall ('), Jonathan Cameron o), Kenneth Klaasen v) and David M. Hansen o) ABSTRACT requires an orbital relay system that significantly Robotic exploration of Venus presents many increases the overall mission cost. The Venus challenges because of the thick atmosphere and Aerobot Multisonde (VAMuS) Mission concept the high surface temperatures. The Venus (Fig 1 (b) provides many of the scientific Aerobot Multisonde mission concept addresses capabilities of the VGA, with existing these challenges by using a robotic balloon or technology and without requiring an orbital aerobot to deploy a number of short lifetime relay. It uses autonomous floating stations probes or sondes to acquire images of the (aerobots) to deploy multiple dropsondes capable surface. A Venus aerobot is not only a good of operating for less than an hour in the hot lower platform for precision deployment of sondes but atmosphere of Venus. The dropsondes, hereafter is very effective at recovering high rate data. This described simply as sondes, acquire high paper describes the Venus Aerobot Multisonde resolution observations of the Venus surface concept and discusses a proposal to NASA's including imaging from a sufficiently close range Discovery program using the concept for a that atmospheric obscuration is not a major Venus Exploration of Volcanoes and concern and communicate these data to the Atmosphere (VEVA). The status of the balloon floating stations from where they are relayed to deployment and inflation, balloon envelope, Earth. -
Appendix 1: Venus Missions
Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M. -
66 Current Status of VEGA Program
JAERI-Conf 99-005 JP9950462 66 Current Status of VEGA Program A. Hidaka1', T. Nakamura1', Y. Nishino2), H. Kanazawa2), K. Hashimoto1', Y. Harada1', T. Kudo1', H. Uetsuka1' and J. Sugimoto1} 1) Dept. of Reactor Safety Research Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, JAPAN Tel: +81-29-282-6778, Fax: +81-29-282-5570 E-mail: [email protected] 2) Dept. of Hot laboratories Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan Tel: +81-29-282-5849, Fax: +81-29-282-5923 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The VEGA program has been performed at JAERI to investigate the release of transuranium and FP including non-volatile and short-life radionuclides from Japanese PWR/BWR irradiated fuel at ~3000°C under high pressure condition up to 1.0 MPa. One of special features is to investigate the effect of ambient pressure on FP release which has never been examined in previous studies. As the furnace structures, ZrO2, W or ThO2 will be used depending on the experimental conditions. In the post-test measurements, off-line gamma spectrometry, metallography and the elemental analyses are scheduled with SEM/EPMA, SIMA and ICP-AES. The installation of test facility into the beta/gamma concrete No.5 cell at the Reactor Fuel Examination Facility (RFEF) will be finished soon and four experiments in a year are scheduled. The analyses will be conducted with the VICTORIA code to prepare the operational conditions and to evaluate the results. -
DAVINCI: Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble Gases, Chemistry, and Imaging Lori S
DAVINCI: Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging Lori S. Glaze, James B. Garvin, Brent Robertson, Natasha M. Johnson, Michael J. Amato, Jessica Thompson, Colby Goodloe, Dave Everett and the DAVINCI Team NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 690 8800 Greenbelt Road Greenbelt, MD 20771 301-614-6466 Lori.S.Glaze@ nasa.gov Abstract—DAVINCI is one of five Discovery-class missions questions as framed by the NRC Planetary Decadal Survey selected by NASA in October 2015 for Phase A studies. and VEXAG, without the need to repeat them in future New Launching in November 2021 and arriving at Venus in June of Frontiers or other Venus missions. 2023, DAVINCI would be the first U.S. entry probe to target Venus’ atmosphere in 45 years. DAVINCI is designed to study The three major DAVINCI science objectives are: the chemical and isotopic composition of a complete cross- section of Venus’ atmosphere at a level of detail that has not • Atmospheric origin and evolution: Understand the been possible on earlier missions and to image the surface at origin of the Venus atmosphere, how it has evolved, optical wavelengths and process-relevant scales. and how and why it is different from the atmospheres of Earth and Mars. TABLE OF CONTENTS • Atmospheric composition and surface interaction: Understand the history of water on Venus and the 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 1 chemical processes at work in the lower atmosphere. 2. MISSION DESIGN ..................................................... 2 • Surface properties: Provide insights into tectonic, 3. PAYLOAD ................................................................. 2 volcanic, and weathering history of a typical tessera 4. SUMMARY ................................................................ 3 (highlands) terrain. -
The Magellan Spacecraft at Venus by Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society of the Pacific
www.astrosociety.org/uitc No. 18 - Fall 1991 © 1991, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112. The Magellan Spacecraft at Venus by Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society of the Pacific "Having finally penetrated below the clouds of Venus, we find its surface to be naked [not hidden], revealing the history of hundreds of millions of years of geological activity. Venus is a geologist's dream planet.'' —Astronomer David Morrison This fall, the brightest star-like object you can see in the eastern skies before dawn isn't a star at all — it's Venus, the second closest planet to the Sun. Because Venus is so similar in diameter and mass to our world, and also has a gaseous atmosphere, it has been called the Earth's "sister planet''. Many years ago, scientists expected its surface, which is perpetually hidden beneath a thick cloud layer, to look like Earth's as well. Earlier this century, some people even imagined that Venus was a hot, humid, swampy world populated by prehistoric creatures! But we now know Venus is very, very different. New radar images of Venus, just returned from NASA's Magellan spacecraft orbiting the planet, have provided astronomers the clearest view ever of its surface, revealing unique geological features, meteor impact craters, and evidence of volcanic eruptions different from any others found in the solar system. This issue of The Universe in the Classroom is devoted to what Magellan is teaching us today about our nearest neighbor, Venus. Where is Venus, and what is it like? Spacecraft exploration of Venus's surface Magellan — a "recycled'' spacecraft How does Magellan take pictures through the clouds? What has Magellan revealed about Venus? How does Venus' surface compare with Earth's? What is the next step in Magellan's mission? If Venus is such an uninviting place, why are we interested in it? Reading List Why is it so hot on Venus? Where is Venus, and what is it like? Venus orbits the Sun in a nearly circular path between Mercury and the Earth, about 3/4 as far from our star as the Earth is. -
Sixth IAASS International Space Safety Conference SAFETY IS NOT an OPTION
Sixth IAASS International Space Safety Conference SAFETY IS NOT AN OPTION 21-23 May 2013 Montréal - Canada Final Programme & Abstract Book McGill University, Institute of Air and Space Law 1 Table of Contents Programme Committee ..........................................................................................................................................3 Sponsors..................................................................................................................................................................5 Welcome to Montréal ............................................................................................................................................6 Detailed programme Tuesday 21 May .........................................................................................................................................7 Wednesday 22 May ................................................................................................................................ 12 Thursday 23 May .................................................................................................................................... 19 Posters ................................................................................................................................................................. 22 Abstracts .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 Biographies ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Nightwatch PVAA Gen Meeting 02/26/16 PVAA Officers and Board
Carl Sagan If you wish to make an apple pie from scratch, scratch, from pie an apple make to wish If you universe. the invent first must you Volume 36 Number 3 nightwatch March 2016 PVAA Gen Meeting 02/26/16 The Claremont Library is adding a third telescope to its was 12 separate areas of the galaxy seamlessly stitched together collection. You can check out the telescope for a week at a time. for a 5800 x 7700 pixel masterpiece. The photographer used the This telescope is a duplicate of the other two currently available. Slooh 17 inch reflector with a 2939mm focal length (f/6.8). 623 “Available” means you can check them out of the library, just exposures were stitched together to create the final image. like a book, but there is a waiting list that you would be put on. Eldred Tubbs brought in a graph showing gravity waves, and As the list is several (almost 6) months long, the 3rd telescope had a small presentation of what they had to go through to detect will, hopefully, reduce the wait. Many library patrons, after these waves. returning the telescope back to the library, immediately put their On a separate note, the April issue of Sky & Telescope has names back on the waiting list. Without a doubt, the Library an article entitled “Big Fish, Small Tackle” (Grab your Telescopes are a big hit. The PVAA maintains the telescopes, binoculars and drop a line in the deep pool of the Virgo Galaxy making sure they are kept in working order. -
Radio Sounding of the Venusian Atmosphere and Ionosphere with Envision
EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-609-1, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Radio Sounding of the Venusian Atmosphere and Ionosphere with EnVision Silvia Tellmann (1), Yohai Kaspi (2), Sébastien Lebonnois (3) , Franck Lefèvre (4), Janusz Oschlisniok (1), Paul Withers (5), Caroline Dumoulin (6), and Pascal Rosenblatt (6,7) (1) Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung, Abteilung Planetenforschung, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany, (2) Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, (3) LMD/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France, (4) LATMOS, CNRS/Sorbonne Université, Paris,(5) Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, (6) Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, Université de Nantes, France, (7) Geoazur, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France, ([email protected]) Abstract temperature and pressure profiles in the mesosphere and upper troposphere of Venus (~ 40 - 90 km). The EnVision is a one of the final candidates for the M5 first radio occultation experiment at Venus was call of the Cosmic Vision program from ESA. It is conducted during the Mariner 5 flyby in 1967 [2], dedicated to unravel some of the numerous open followed by Mariner 10 [3], several Venera missions questions about Venus' past, current state and future. [4], Magellan [5] and the Pioneer Venus Orbiter [6], The Radio Science Experiment on EnVision will and Akatsuki [7]. The most extensive radio perform extensive studies of the gravitational field occultation study of the Venus atmosphere so far was but also Radio Occultations to sense the Venus carried out by the VeRa experiment on Venus atmosphere and ionosphere at a high vertical Express [8,9]. -
The American Nations; Or, Outlines of Their General History, Ancient And
DUMBER 1. SPRIIVO 1836. THE AMERICAN NATIONS; OR, Outlines of A National History; OF THE ANCIENT AND MODERN NATIONS OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. yx* 4* Of this wide Western Hemisphera^\) Let us retrace the TT history ; * J **/yj ^/ Of all the Nations -L-*-* "* ^ * dwelling herejj^herejk f/* Let us recall the memory ^SSv C\* ^*^^>-^ * O*illf ts ; T^rsss- - ---^ FIRST NUMBER, OR VOMJME: GENERALITIES AND ANNALS. BY PROF. C. S* RAFINESQUE, PHILADEI.PHIA, PUBLISHED BY C. S. RAFINESQUE, NO. 110 NORTH TENTH STREET, SOLD BY THE PRINCIPAL BOOKSELLERS, AND IN LONDON BY O. RICH, IN PARIS BY MEILHAC & BAILLERE. 183G PROSPECTUS. Published quarterly at Five Dollars in advance for Six Numbers or Volumes, simi lar to this, of nearly 300 pages each sep arate Number sold for one Dollar, or more when they will contain maps and illustra tions. A list of Agents will be given hereafter. At present the principal Booksellers may act as such. The Names ot the Subscribers will be printed in a subsequent Number. It is contemplated to conclude these an nals and their illustrations in 12 Numbers or Volumes. Therefore the whole cost to subscribers will only be f 10, for which a complete American Historical Library will be obtained. By remitting $5 to the author, six Vol umes are secured whatever be their future price, and will be sent by mail: a similar sum will be due when the 7th number is issued. Those who may prefer to pay $10 at once, will be deemed Patrons of the work. Whoever subscribes and pays for 5 sets, is entitled to a 6th gratis. -
Joint Press Release Pescara (Italy)
Joint Press Release Pescara (Italy), 27 August 2021 Some of the mysteries of Venus will be resolved by studying its geologically youngest areas Future space probes to Venus should focus on the youngest volcanic features on the planet. This is the conclusion of an international team of planetary scientists, who wanted to determine if Venus is an active planet and the implications of this to understand Venus’ geologic history. The study was published on https://rdcu.be/cv7kT in the scientific journal Solar System Research. The geologic history of Venus is a mystery, and one of the most important unresolved questions is if Venus is currently an active planet like the Earth. Some scientists have long thought that most of the surface of the planet shouldn’t be any younger than 500 million years. However, recent studies have shown that some areas there are much younger than that. Studying them more closely will help understanding what really happened on Venus. By extension, this will provide fundamental clues to the geologic evolution of our own planet, and to the outstanding question why the two planets are so drastically different. The lead author of the study, Piero D’Incecco elaborates: “The topographic rises of Venus may cover a key role in our understanding of the whole geologic history of Venus.” “Moreover, there are a lot of open questions about how and how fast climate change affects our planet. Studying the chemistry of the surface-atmosphere interactions over young areas on Venus will provide crucial information about the mechanisms which caused the so-called runaway greenhouse effect on the hellish twin sister of our planet. -
Venera-D VEXAG Briefing 161126.Pptx
Report of the Venera-D Joint Science Definition Team: "Together to Venus" L. Zasova1, D. Senske2, T. Economou3, N. Eismont1, L. Esposito4, M. Gerasimov1, N. Ignatiev1, M. Ivanov5, I. Khatuntsev1, O. Korablev1, T. Kremic7, K. Lea Jessup6, S. Limaye8, I. Lomakin9, A. Martynov9, A. Ocampo10 1 Space Research Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia, 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA, 3 Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, USA, 4University of Colorado, Boulder, USA, 5 Vernadsky Inst. RAS, Moscow, Russia, 6 Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, USA, 7 Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA, 8 Univ. of Wisconsin, St Madison, USA, 9 Lavochkin Assoc., Moscow, Russia. 10 NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, USA, 29 November 2016 VEXAG, NASA HQ 1 Pre-Decisional — For Planning and Discussion Purposes Only Goals of the Venera-D SDT 1) Identify, prioritize and develop science goals, investigations, and measurements consistent with the current Venera-D concept; 2) Assess the Venera-D mission architecture including possible modular options (e.g., subsystems) for collaboration opportunities and required instrumentation capabilities. Assess technology readiness level to implement the mission concept and identify areas for which development is required; 3) Identify mission components (mission elements/subsystems/instruments) that best lend themselves to potential collaboration. Outline a general maturation schedule needed to support the Venera-D mission for launches in the post-2025 time frame; 4) Assess the precursor observations and instrumentation validation experiments needed to enable or enhance the Venera-D mission (e.g., instrument testing in a chamber that emulates the chemistry, pressures and temperatures found in the atmosphere or at the surface of Venus); 5) Evaluate how Venera-D would advance the scientific understanding of Venus and feed forward to future missions with the ultimate goal of sample return. -
Atmospheric Flight on Venus
NASA/TM—2002-211467 AIAA–2002–0819 Atmospheric Flight on Venus Geoffrey A. Landis Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio Anthony Colozza Analex Corporation, Brook Park, Ohio Christopher M. LaMarre University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois June 2002 The NASA STI Program Office . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Technical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Information (STI) Program Office plays a key part meetings sponsored or cosponsored by in helping NASA maintain this important role. NASA. The NASA STI Program Office is operated by • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, Langley Research Center, the Lead Center for technical, or historical information from NASA’s scientific and technical information. The NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA STI Program Office provides access to the often concerned with subjects having NASA STI Database, the largest collection of substantial public interest. aeronautical and space science STI in the world. The Program Office is also NASA’s institutional • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. English- mechanism for disseminating the results of its language translations of foreign scientific research and development activities. These results and technical material pertinent to NASA’s are published by NASA in the NASA STI Report mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services that complement the STI • TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of Program Office’s diverse offerings include completed research or a major significant creating custom thesauri, building customized phase of research that present the results of data bases, organizing and publishing research NASA programs and include extensive data results .