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Side-Blotched Lizard, Great Basin Fence Lizard

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Side-Blotched Lizard, Great Basin Fence Lizard Floristic Survey of Malibu Lagoon State Beach Floristic Survey of Malibu Lagoon State Beach Pursuant to a contract with the Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains, Carl Wishner, Principal Biologist of Envicom Corporation, conducted a botanical survey over the entirety of Malibu Lagoon on July 1, and July 12, 2005. The purpose of the survey was to perform “a one-time inventory during spring/early summer season to document the plants present within the lagoon environment and to link plants to previously mapped vegetation communities.” The area examined was essentially that shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 of the report entitled Malibu Lagoon Vegetation Communities and Wetland Delineation (Merkel & Associates, October 14, 2004). The vegetation communities are also those discussed by Merkel & Associates, as follows: 1 Southern Willow Scrub 2 Atriplex Scrub 3 Baccharis Scrub 4 Mule Fat Scrub 5 Venturan Coastal Sage Scrub 6 Mixed Scrub 7 Southern Coastal Salt Marsh 8 Coastal and Valley Freshwater Marsh 9 Brackish Marsh 10 Southern Sycamore/Alder Riparian Woodland 11 Disturbed Coastal Dunes 12 Non-Native Grassland 13 Disturbed Habitat 14 Mud Flat 15 Sand Beach/Sand Bar 16 Open Water 17 Urban/Developed Methods involved a walking survey of all terrestrial habitats, and adjacent aquatic (open water) habitats as they could be observed. An attempt was made to inventory all vascular plant species in all habitats, and in some cases, voucher specimens were collected to confirm identifications, and to provide a permanent record of unusual species, or those previously unreported from the lagoon, or the Santa Monica Mountains in general. During the course of the survey, 131 species of vascular plants were observed, including: one conifer (alien); and 130 flowering plants, comprised of 97 dicots (50 alien), and 33 monocots (21 alien). Thus, an unusually high percentage (54 percent) of species observed in the current survey are alien species. The previous report by Merkel & Associates (2004) reported an additional four species that were not observed in the present survey. These include two native dicots, namely, California dodder (Cuscuta californica), Southern California black walnut (Juglans californica), and two alien grasses, salt-cedar (Monanthochloe littoralis), and wild oat (Avena fatua). Art Gibson, in the course of reviewing the draft manuscript of the present report, conducted an additional field survey, and added four additional native dicot species, namely, wild cucumber (Marah macrocarpus), Mexican elderberry (Sambucus mexicana), marsh dodder (Cuscuta salina), and fog- or frog-fruit (Phyla lanceolata). He also observed six additional alien dicot species, namely, Boccone’s sand spurry (Spergularia bocconei), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata), tumbleweed (Amaranthus albus), white-leaved strict goosefoot (Chenopodium strictum var. glaucophyllum), nettle-leaved goosefoot (Chenopodium cf. murale), and snake spurge (Chamaesyce serpens). This amounts to a total of 145 species, of which 79 (54 percent) are alien. The compilation of all species is provided in the attached Table 1, with appropriate footnotes. Malibu Lagoon Floristic Survey 1 Floristic Survey of Malibu Lagoon State Beach No species observed are considered rare, threatened, or endangered. One species is on the California Native Plant Society’s List 4 “Watch List,” or plants of “limited distribution.” Southern California black walnut was observed in the Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland by Merkel & Associates (2004), but was not seen by the present observer. Two other alien species are of interest, because they are heretofore unreported, at least in popular floras including A California Flora (Munz and Keck 1959, 1968) and The Jepson Manual (Hickman [ed.] 1993), or the local Flora of the Santa Monica Mountains by Raven, Thompson and Prigge (1986). A brief discussion is provided below. Swamp saltbush (Atriplex amnicola) This shrub of Australia is reported in Flora of North America, vol. 4, p. 344 [FNA] as “abundant at Malibu Beach.” In communications with Barry Prigge of the UCLA Herbarium, it was collected there by Art Gibson of UCLA in 2004. According to Barry Prigge, there could be some confusion on distinguishing A. rhagodioides from A. amnicola. In Flora of Australia 4:93, the reference to the latter species refers to an illustration (in D.G. Wilcox & J. Morrisey, 1977 Pasture Pl. W. Austral. Shrublands 48) for A. rhagodioides. It seems that prior to the description of A. amnicola in 1984, plants that are now called A. amnicola were sometimes called A. rhagodioides. Either the species must be difficult to distinguish [however, the key in Fl. Aust. distinguishes the two by “leaves entire—A. rhagodioides; leaves dentate or denticulate—A. amnicola], or A. rhagodioides was considered to have variable leaf margins. The formal description of A. amnicola by Paul G. Wilson in the appendix of Flora of Australia, vol. 4:322 is purely descriptive, and makes no reference to related or similar species, and no comment on the previous treatment of the taxon. In the species account in Fl. Aust., it says A. amnicola “possibly grades into A. cinerea on the west coast of W. Australia, but may be generally distinguished from the latter by the shape and texture of the leaves and by the shape of the fruiting bracteoles. There is no comment or reference to A. rhagodioides. However, the synonymy are listed as A. cinerea subsp. rhagodioides auct. non (F. Muell.) Aellen; A. rhagodioides auct. non F. Muell. The collection has been included in Flora of North America as A. amnicola, and so it is provisionally determined as such here. Prigge suggests that a specimen should be sent to Stan Welsh at BYU, and to Paul G. Wilson for confirmation of this determination. Mr. Wishner found this shrub to be very abundant throughout the Lagoon in areas classified as Atriplex Scrub. It can be recognized by its distinctive fruits with rhomboid bracteoles that have three blunt points at their apices, and by leaves that range from entire in the upper parts of the plant, to leaves with one or two proximal teeth in the lower parts of the plant. Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) A perennial grass with distinctive two-branched infloresences was found to be abundant just above the high water line in areas classified as brackish marsh, brackish marsh, and coastal and valley freshwater marsh. Attempts to identify the grass using the local and regional floras invariably lead one to conclude that it is Paspalum distichum, a native plant of freshwater marshes and streams known to occur in the region. However, the conspicuous absence of the diagnostic character of sparse hairs on the upper glumes and lemmas left Mr. Wishner with considerable doubt about this determination. Using keys in Flora of North America vol 26, it appears more likely that it is instead, seashore Paspalum. According to Richard Duble, Extension Turfgrass Specialist at Texas A&M University1, “Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum 1 http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/turf Malibu Lagoon Floristic Survey 2 Floristic Survey of Malibu Lagoon State Beach vaginatum) is native to tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America. In the United States, it is found from Texas to Florida and North Carolina southward, and used for turf in South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Adalayd (also called Excalibre) is a selection found in Australia in the 1970s, and grown and distributed by Intersol in Palm Desert, California. It is sold elsewhere in Texas and Georgia. It is tolerant of saline soils, and tolerates brackish sites much better than Bermuda grass.” It is possible that the material at Malibu Lagoon is this cultivar, or another cultivar that has been introduced into the Malibu watershed, or directly during previous landscape activities that have been performed at the Lagoon. In any case, it is provisionally determined to be this species, pending further examination by an expert. The present investigator wishes to acknowledge the careful review of the draft manuscript for technical accuracy, and significant contributions of Mssrs. Barry Prigge and Art Gibson of the UCLA Herbarium. Malibu Lagoon Floristic Survey 3 Floristic Survey of Malibu Lagoon State Beach Table 1 Vascular Plants Observed at Malibu Lagoon State Beach July 2005 GROUP Occurs in Family Communities Scientific Name Common Name (see codes below) CONIFERS Cupressaceae *Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress 17 FLOWERING PLANTS --DICOTS Aizoaceae *Carpobrotus edulis hottentot-fig 2, 7, 11 *Mesembryanthemum slender-leaved iceplant nodiflorum *Tetragonia tetragonioides New Zealand spinach 11 Amaranthaceae *Amaranthus albus2 tumbleweed 13 Anacardiaceae Malosma laurina laurel-leaf sumac 6, 17 Rhus integrifolia lemonade berry 6 Apiaceae *Apium graveolens celery 8 *Ciclospermum leptophyllum ciclospermum 17 *Foeniculum vulgare fennel 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 17 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias fascicularis narrow-leaf milkweed 6 Asteraceae Ambrosia chamissonis beach-bur 11 Ambrosia psilostachya western ragweed 6, 12 *Anthemis cotula mayweed 13 Artemisia californica California sagebrush 3, 5 Artemisia douglasiana mugwort 8, 13 Baccharis pilularis var. coyote bush 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 consanguinea Baccharis salicifolia mule fat 1, 3, 4, 6 *Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle 12, 17 *Centauria melitensis yellow star-thistle 2, 5, 6, 12, 13 *Chrysanthemum coronarium Garland chrysanthemum 3, 5, 13 *Cirsium vulgare bull thistle 5, 6, 17 *Conyza bonariensis Buenos Aires horseweed 2, 3, 6,
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