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The Commission on Higher Education in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University Teaching Guide for Senior High School BUSINESS FINANCE SPECIALIZED SUBJECT This Teaching Guide was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Commission on Higher Education, K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit - Senior High School Support Team at [email protected]. We value your feedback and recommendations. Development Team Team Leader: Arthur S. Cayanan, Ph.D. Writers: Jerelleen A. Rodriguez, Al-Habbyel B. This Teaching Guide by the Yusoph, Rachelleen A. Rodriguez, Diogenes C. Dy Commission on Higher Education is Technical Editors: Pamela Anne S. Lloren, Ma. licensed under a Creative Andrea Antonino-Balce Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Copyreader: Patricia Carmela I. Lumanlan International License. This means Published by the Commission on Higher Education, 2016 Illustrator: Patricia G. De Vera you are free to: Chairperson: Patricia B. Licuanan, Ph.D. Share — copy and redistribute the Commission on Higher Education material in any medium or format K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material. Office Address: 4th Floor, Commission on Higher Education, Senior High School Support Team The licensor, CHED, cannot revoke CHED K to 12 Transition Program Management Unit C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City these freedoms as long as you Telefax: (02) 441-0927 / E-mail Address: [email protected] Program Director: Karol Mark R. Yee follow the license terms. However, Lead for Senior High School Support: under the following terms: Attribution — You must give Gerson M. Abesamis appropriate credit, provide a link to Consultants Course Development Officers: the license, and indicate if changes THIS PROJECT WAS DEVELOPED WITH THE PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY. John Carlo P. Fernando, Danie Son D. Gonzalvo, were made. You may do so in any University President: Ester B. Ogena, Ph.D. Stanley Ernest G. Yu reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor VP for Academics: Ma. Antoinette C. Montealegre, Ph.D. Lead for Policy Advocacy and Communications: endorses you or your use. VP for University Relations & Advancement: Rosemarievic V. Diaz, Ph.D. Averill M. Pizarro NonCommercial — You may not use Ma. Cynthia Rose B. Bautista, Ph.D., CHED the material for commercial Teacher Training Officers: Bienvenido F. Nebres, S.J., Ph.D., Ateneo de Manila University purposes. Ma. Theresa C. Carlos, Mylene E. Dones Carmela C. Oracion, Ph.D., Ateneo de Manila University ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the Minella C. Alarcon, Ph.D., CHED Monitoring and Evaluation Officer: material, you must distribute your Robert Adrian N. Daulat Gareth Price, Sheffield Hallam University contributions under the same license Stuart Bevins, Ph.D., Sheffield Hallam University Administrative Officers: as the original. Ma. Leana Paula B. Bato, Kevin Ross D. Nera, Allison A. Danao, Ayhen Loisse B. Dalena Printed in the Philippines by EC-TEC Commercial, No. 32 St. Louis Compound 7, Baesa, Quezon City, [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction to Financial Management Part 3 170 Part 1 1 Part 4 184 Part 2 10 Sources and Uses of Short-Term and Long-Term Funds Part 3 19 Part 1 201 Review of Financial Statement Preparation, Analysis, and Part 2 Interpretation 214 Part 1 37 Basic Long-term Financial Concepts Part 2 54 Part 1 222 Part 3 60 Part 2 240 Part 4 68 Part 3 248 Part 5 76 Part 4 255 Part 6 87 Part 5 268 Part 7 94 Introduction to Investment Part 8 99 Part 1 285 Financial Planning Tools and Concepts Part 2 300 Part 1 119 Managing Personal Finance 314 Part 2 139 Biographical Notes . 323 Introduction As the Commission supports DepEd’s implementation of Senior High School (SHS), it upholds the vision and mission of the K to 12 program, stated in Section 2 of Republic Act 10533, or the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013, that “every graduate of basic education be an empowered individual, through a program rooted on...the competence to engage in work and be productive, the ability to coexist in fruitful harmony with local and global communities, the capability to engage in creative and critical thinking, and the capacity and willingness to transform others and oneself.” To accomplish this, the Commission partnered with the Philippine Normal University (PNU), the National Center for Teacher Education, to develop Teaching Guides for Courses of SHS. Together with PNU, this Teaching Guide was studied and reviewed by education and pedagogy experts, and was enhanced with appropriate methodologies and strategies. Furthermore, the Commission believes that teachers are the most important partners in attaining this goal. Incorporated in this Teaching Guide is a framework that will guide them in creating lessons and assessment tools, support them in facilitating activities and questions, and assist them towards deeper content areas and competencies. Thus, the introduction of the SHS for SHS Framework. The SHS for SHS Framework, which stands for “Saysay-Husay-Sarili for Senior High School,” is at the core of this book. The lessons, which combine high-quality content with flexible elements to SHS for SHS accommodate diversity of teachers and environments, promote these three fundamental concepts: Framework SAYSAY: MEANING HUSAY: MASTERY SARILI: OWNERSHIP Why is this important? How will I deeply understand this? What can I do with this? Through this Teaching Guide, Given that developing mastery When teachers empower teachers will be able to facilitate goes beyond memorization, learners to take ownership of an understanding of the value teachers should also aim for their learning, they develop of the lessons, for each learner deep understanding of the independence and self- to fully engage in the content subject matter where they lead direction, learning about both on both the cognitive and learners to analyze and the subject matter and affective levels. synthesize knowledge. themselves. Earth Science is a Core Subject taken in the first semester of Grade 11. This learning area is About this designed to provide a general background for the understanding of the Earth on a planetary Teaching Guide scale. It presents the history of the Earth through geologic time. It discusses the Earth’s structure and composition, the processes that occur beneath and on the Earth’s surface, as well as issues, concerns, and problems pertaining to Earth’s resources. Implementing this course at the senior high school level is subject to numerous challenges with mastery of content among educators tapped to facilitate learning and a lack of resources to deliver the necessary content and develop skills and attitudes in the learners, being foremost among these. In support of the SHS for SHS framework developed by CHED, these teaching guides were crafted and refined by biologists and biology educators in partnership with educators from focus groups all over the Philippines to provide opportunities to develop the following: Saysay through meaningful, updated, and context-specific content that highlights important points and common misconceptions so that learners can connect to their real-world experiences and future careers; Husay through diverse learning experiences that can be implemented in a resource-poor classroom or makeshift laboratory that tap cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains are accompanied by field-tested teaching tips that aid in facilitating discovery and development of higher-order thinking skills; and Sarili through flexible and relevant content and performance standards allow learners the freedom to innovate, make their own decisions, and initiate activities to fully develop their academic and personal potential. These ready-to-use guides are helpful to educators new to either the content or biologists new to the experience of teaching Senior High School due to their enriched content presented as lesson plans or guides. Veteran educators may also add ideas from these guides to their repertoire. The Biology Team hopes that this resource may aid in easing the transition of the different stakeholders into the new curriculum as we move towards the constant improvement of Philippine education. This Teaching Guide is mapped and aligned to the DepEd SHS Curriculum, designed to be highly Parts of the usable for teachers. It contains classroom activities and pedagogical notes, and is integrated with Teaching Guide innovative pedagogies. All of these elements are presented in the following parts: 1. Introduction • Highlight key concepts and identify the essential questions • Show the big picture • Connect and/or review prerequisite knowledge • Clearly communicate learning competencies and objectives • Motivate through applications and connections to real-life 2. Motivation • Give local examples and applications • Engage in a game or movement activity • Provide a hands-on/laboratory activity • Connect to a real-life problem 3. Instruction/Delivery • Give a demonstration/lecture/simulation/hands-on activity • Show step-by-step solutions to sample problems • Give applications of the theory • Connect to a real-life problem if applicable 4. Practice • Discuss worked-out examples • Provide easy-medium-hard questions • Give time for hands-on unguided classroom work and discovery • Use formative assessment to give feedback