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Appendix a Chronology of Major International Events: 1945-1997

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1229 APPENDIX A CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR INTERNATIONAL EVENTS: 1945-1997 1945, February 7 -22. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin meet at Yalta, USSR. September 28-October 3. Nine·Power Conference at London, United May 7. Surrender of Germany. Kingdom. May 8. Proclamation of end of the war in Europe. October 23. A\lied occupation of West Germany ends. June 5. US Secretary of State Marshall calls for European Recovery Program November 29-December 2. Moscow (USSR) Conference of Communist (Marshall Plan). nations on European security. June 26. United Nations Charter signed at San Francisco, USA. 1955, February 18. Baghdad (Iraq) Pact signed by Iraq and Turkey. July 17 -Augustl. Churchill, Stalin, Truman meet at Potsdam, East Germany. April 18-24. Asian-African Conference at Bandung, Indonesia. August 6. US drops atomic bomb at Hiroshima, Japan. May 6. Western European Union (WEU) inaugurated by admitting Italy and September 2. Surrender of Japan. Federal Republic of Germany to Brussels Treaty. 1946, July 29-0ctober 15. Peace Conference meets at Paris, France. May 9. Federal Republic of Germany admitted to NATO. December 30. UN Atomic Energy Commission approves US proposal for May 14. Warsaw Pact signed by East European Communist governments. world control of atomic weapons. 1956, April 17. Cominform disbanded. 1947, February 10. Peace treaties signed with Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Italy, July 26. Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal. Romania. August 16-23. Suez Conference at London, United Kingdom. June 5. Marshall Plan inaugurated. October 23 -November 22. Anti·Communistrebellion in Hungary suppressed October 5. Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) established. by Soviet troops. October 29. Customs union between Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg October 29-November 6. Suez crisis. (Benelux) ratified. 1957, March 25. Rome (Italy) Treaty establishing European Economic Community October 30. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GAIT) negotiated at (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) signed. Geneva, Switzerland. December 26-1958, January 1. Asian·African Conference meets at Cairo, 1948, March 17. Brussels Treaty signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Nether­ Egypt. lands, United Kingdom. 1960, March 15-April29,June7-27. Ten-Power Disarmament Conference meets March 20. Soviet representatives walk out of A\lied Control Council for at Geneva, Switzerland. Germany. May 1. U-2 incident. April 16. Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) estab· May 3. European Free Trade Association (EFTA) of "Outer Seven" (Austria, lished at Paris, France. Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, United Kingdom) April 30. Organization of American States (OAS) Charter signed at Bogota, established. Colombia. May 14. Beginning of Sino-Soviet dispute. May 14. State of Israel proclaimed. December 14. Charter of Organization for Economic Cooperation and June 28. Cominform expels Yugoslavia. Development (OECD) to replace OEEC signed at Paris, France. July 24-1949, May 12. Berlin blockade. 1961. April 17-20. Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. December 10. UN General Assembly adopts Universal Declaration of Human August 15. Start of construction of Berlin Wall between East and West Rights. Germany. 1949, January 25. Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) established September 1-6. Conference of Nonaligned Nations at Belgrade, Yugoslavia. at Moscow, USSR. 1962, March 14. Opening of l7-nation Disarmament Conference at Geneva, Switzer­ April 4. Treaty establishing North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) land. signed at Washington, USA. October 22-28. Cuban missile crisis. May 4. Statute establishing Council of Europe signed at London, United 1963, January 29. France vetoes British bid for admission to EEC. Kingdom. May 25. Organization of African Unity (OAU) Charter adopted at Addis 1950, January 31. US President Truman orders construction of hydrogen bomb. Ababa, Ethiopia. May 9. Schuman Plan for integration of Western European coal and steel August 5. Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty signed at Moscow, USSR. industries proposed. 1964, May 18. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) established. June 27. US intervenes in Korean War. October 5-11. Conference of Nonaligned Nations at Cairo, Egypt. November 3. "Uniting for Peace" Resolution passed by UN General Assembly. 1965, February 21. Decision to merge European Economic Community (EEC), 1951, April 18. Treaty establishing European Coal and Steel Community signed by European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and European Atomic Energy Belgium, France, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Nether­ Community (Euratom). lands. 1966, March 11. France withdraws troops from NATO. September 1. Anzus Pact signed at San Francisco, USA, by Australia, New 1967, January 27. Treaty governing exploration and use of outer space signed by Zealand, United States. US, USSR, and 60 other nations. September 8. Peace Treaty signed by Japan and non·Communist Allied powers June 5. Beginning of Arab-Israeli War. at San Francisco, USA. June 17. China explodes its first hydrogen bomb. 1952, May 27. European Defense Community (EDC) Charter signed by Belgium, 1968, January 16. Britain announces withdrawal of forces from Persian Gulf and France, Federal Republic of Germany,Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. Far East. November 1. US explodes hydrogen bomb at Eniwetok Atoll. May 13. Beginning of Vietnam peace talks at Paris, France. 1953, March 5. Death of Joseph Stalin. June4. NuciearNon-Proliferation Treaty approved by UN General Assembly. December 8. US President Eisenhower proposes international control of atomic August 20-21. Warsaw Pact forces occupy Czechoslovakia. energy. August 25. France explodes its first hydrogen bomb. 1954, January 21-February 18. Four·Power Foreign Ministers' Conference at September 12. Albania withdraws from Warsaw Pact. Berlin, Germany. October 5. Outbreak of civil rights violence at Londonderry, Northern Ireland. April 26-July 21. Geneva (Switzerland) Conference on Southeast Asia. 1969, March 2. Clash between Chinese and Soviet troops along Ussuri River. April 28-May 2. Colombo (Ceylon) Conference of Asiatic powers. April 28. Resignation of French President de Gaulle. August 30. French National Assembly rejects European Defense Community July 21. US lands first men on moon. (ECD) treaty. November 17 -December 22. Initiation of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks September 8. Treaty establishing Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SALT) between US and USSR. (SEATO) signed at Manila, Philippines. 1970, March 2. Rhodesia issues unilateral declaration of independence from Britain. APPENDIX A 1230 APPENDIX A August 12. Negotiation of European boundary treaty between Federal Republic December 18. Martial law in Poland suspended. of Germany and Soviet Union. 1983, March 7 -12. Conference of Nonaligned Nations at New Delhi, India. September 8-10. Conference of Nonaligned Nations at Lusaka, Zambia. September 1. USSR shoots down Korean Air Lines Boeing 747 passenger December 7. Boundary recognition treaty signed by Federal Republic of plane. Germany and Poland. October 25. United States, in concert with six Caribbean states, invades 1971, February 11. Treaty banning firing of atomic weapons from seabed signed Grenada (last troops withdrawn, December 12). by US, USSR, and 40 other nations. 1984, February 9. Soviet leader Yuri Andropov dies; succeeded as CPSU general November 12. President Nixon announces end of US offensive action in secretary by Konstantin Chernenko (February 13). Vietnam. October 31. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandi assassinated. 1972, February 21-28. US President Nixon visits China. 1985, March 10. Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko dies; succeeded as CPSU May 22-29. President Nixon visits Soviet Union. general secretary by Mikhail S. Gorbachev (March II). 1973, January 1. Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom enter European Communities. October 7. Palestinian terrorists seize Italian cruise ship, Achille Lauro. February 12. Last US ground troops leave Vietnam. November 15. Ireland and the United Kingdom sign accord granting Irish September 5-9. Conference of Nonaligned Nations at Algiers, Algeria. Republic consultative role in governance of Northern Ireland. October 6-22. Fourth Arab-Israeli War. November 19-21. US President Reagan and Soviet leader Gorbachev hold October 17-1974, March 18. Arab embargo on oil shipments to US and other summit meeting at Geneva. Western nations. 1986, January 1. Spain and Portugal enter European Communities. 1974, January 18. Egypt and Israel sign agreement on disengagement of forces along January 28. US space shuttle Challenger. on 25th shuttle mission, explodes Suez Canal. after lift-off. 1975, February 28. First Lome (Togo) Convention signed between EEC and February 7. Jean-Claude Duvalier flees from Haiti to France, ending nearly developing African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) states. three decades of his family's rule. May 28. Treaty establishing Economic Community of West African States February 25. General Secretary Gorbachev calls for sweeping reforms in (ECOWAS) signed at Lagos, Nigeria. Soviet economic system. June 5. Suez Canal reopened to international shipping. February 25. Corazon Aquino inaugurated as Philippines president following July 30-August 1. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) disputed election on February 7; after holding rival inauguration, Ferdinand concludes at Helsinki, Finland. Marcos flies to Hawaii. September 4. Agreement between Egypt and Israel providing for Israeli April 10. John
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