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Introduction
Introduction Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and Field, road running, cross country running, and race walking. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world. Track and field events are generally individual sports with athletes challenging each other to decide a single victor. The racing events are won by the athlete with the fastest time, while the jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who has achieved the greatest distance or height in the contest. The running events are categorised as sprints, middle and long distance events, relays, and hurdling. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus and hammer. There are also "combined events", such as heptathlon, and decathlon, in which athletes compete in a number of the above events. Track and field events are divided into three broad categories: track events, field events, and combined events. The majority of athletes tend to specialise in just one event (or event type) with the aim of perfecting their performances, although the aim of combined events athletes is to become proficient in a number of disciplines. There are two types of field events: jumps, and throws. In jumping competitions, athletes are judged on either the length or height of their jumps. The performances of jumping events for distance are measured from a board or marker, and any athlete overstepping this mark is judged to have fouled. -
European Athletics»
UPDATE Newsletter of the European Athletic Association 2|04 August Another 2 INSIDE step forward: EAA President Hansjörg Wirz and The new EAA brand and its European Athlete of the Year 2003 designer Christian Olsson inaugurate the all new website www.european-athletics.org. the EAA brand 6 EVENTS The SPAR European Cup in Bydgoszcz/POL HANSJÖRG WIRZ them recognisable and members of the same family. EAA´s new logotype consists 9 EVENTS Nothing stays the same. This simple truth of a picture mark which depicts stylised Italy dominates the European applies to everything around us. It is true tracks and a word mark consisting of the Mountain Running for nature including us, as humans, it is two words «European Athletics». We be- true for all organisations including busi- lieve strongly that it is our sport and not the 11 DEVELOPMENT nesses and it is also true for entities such as governing body itself that should be pro- our European Athletic Association. The moted wherever possible since this is what Grants awarded to year of 2004 is one of many and substan- the general public relate to. It is for this rea- 12 federations tial changes: we moved our headquarters son that we will no longer use the word from Darmstadt, Germany to Lausanne, «Association» in the logotype. We are con- 12 FINISH Switzerland. A new organisational and fident that this approach is in the very in- Jan Zelezny going for last marketing structure is now in place and terest of European Athletics which will Olympic attempt new members joined our team working at benefit from this prominent exposure. -
Athletics, Badminton, Gymnastics, Judo, Swimming, Table Tennis, and Wrestling
INDIVIDUAL GAMES 4 Games and sports are important parts of our lives. They are essential to enjoy overall health and well-being. Sports and games offer numerous advantages and are thus highly recommended for everyone irrespective of their age. Sports with individualistic approach characterised with graceful skills of players are individual sports. Do you like the idea of playing an individual sport and be responsible for your win or loss, success or failure? There are various sports that come under this category. This chapter will help you to enhance your knowledge about Athletics, Badminton, Gymnastics, Judo, Swimming, Table Tennis, and Wrestling. ATHLETICS Running, jumping and throwing are natural and universal forms of human physical expression. Track and field events are the improved versions of all these. These are among the oldest of all sporting competitions. Athletics consist of track and field events. In the track events, competitions of races of different distances are conducted. The different track and field events have their roots in ancient human history. History Ancient Olympic Games are the first recorded examples of organised track and field events. In 776 B.C., in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested which was known as the stadion footrace. The scope of the games expanded in later years. Further it included running competitions, but the introduction of the Ancient Olympic pentathlon marked a step towards track and field as it is recognised today. There were five events in pentathlon namely—discus throw, long jump, javelin throw, the stadion foot race, and wrestling. 2021-22 Chap-4.indd 49 31-07-2020 15:26:11 50 Health and Physical Education - XI Track and field events were also present at the Pan- Activity 4.1 Athletics at the 1960 Summer Hellenic Games in Greece around 200 B.C. -
Guidelines for the Inclusion of Para-Athletes in Road Races
Track and Field Road Running Marathons/Ultras Cross Country Running Race Walking Guidelines for the inclusion of Para-athletes in Road Races Introduction This document provides race directors with an overview of considerations for the inclusion of Para-athletes (aka Athletes With A Disability (AWAD)) in road races sanctioned by BC Athletics, to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for everyone. Since the early 1990s, Canadian sport organizations have followed a policy of inclusion for para-athletes. In the sport of Athletics, Para-Athletics caters to wheelchair athletes, amputee athletes, visually impaired athletes, and athletes with cerebral palsy. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) serves as the international federation for Para-Athletics, establishing the rules and regulations that govern the sport, and co-ordinating international competitions. And in the case of visually impaired athletes, the International Blind Sports Association (IBSA) serves a similar purpose. The competition rules specified by those organizations however, are primarily directed at high-performance competitions, exclusive to para-athletes. In addition to events organized specifically for them, para-athletes can also participate in mainstream events alongside able-bodied athletes. In athletics, these events are typically road races and marathons. To allow for the safe participation of para-athletes, race directors should carefully review their event, and consider making adjustments where necessary. In light of this consideration, participation may be restricted to certain classes of para-athletes. Once it has been determined that it is safe to include para-athletes, a second step is to consider whether para- athletes will compete for their own awards, in which case the categories must be defined. -
The Rio Review the Official Report Into Ireland's Campaign for the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games
SPÓRT ÉIREANN SPORT IRELAND The Rio Review The official report into Ireland's campaign for the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games RIO 2016 REVIEW Foreword The Olympic and Paralympic review process is an essential component of the Irish high performance system. The implementation of the recommendations of the quadrennial reviews has been a driver of Irish high performance programmes for individual sports and the system as a whole. The Rio Review process has been comprehensive and robust. The critical feature of this Review is that the National Governing Bodies (NGBs) took a greater level of control in debriefing their own experiences. This Review reflects the views of all the key players within the high performance system. Endorsed by Sport Ireland, it is a mandate for the NGBs to fully implement the recommendations that will improve the high performance system in Ireland. There were outstanding performances in Rio at both the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Olympic roll of honour received a new addition in Rowing, with Sailing repeating its podium success achieved in Moscow 1980, demonstrating Ireland's ability to be competitive in multiple disciplines. Team Ireland has built on the success of Beijing and London, and notwithstanding problems that arose, Rio was a clear demonstration that Ireland can compete at the very highest levels of international sport. Sport Ireland is committed to the ongoing development of the Sport Ireland Institute and adding to the extensive facilities on the Sport Ireland National Sports Campus. These are real commitments to high performance sport in Ireland that will make a significant difference to Irish athletes who aspire to compete at the top level. -
Athletics Is an Exclusive Collection of Sporting Events That Involve Competitive Running, Jumping, Throwing, and Walking. the Mo
Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running, and race walking. The simplicity of the competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world. Organised athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC, and most modern events are conducted by the member clubs of the International Association of Athletics Federations. The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the modern Summer Olympics, and other leading international meetings include theIAAF World Championships and World Indoor Championships, and athletes with aphysical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the IPC Athletics World Championships. Etymology The word athletics is derived from the Greek word "athlos" (0șȜȠȢ), meaning "contest" or "task." Initially, the term was used to describeathletic contests in general ± i.e. sporting competition based primarily on human physical feats. In the 19th century in Europe, the term athletics acquired a more narrow definition and came to describe sports involving competitive running, walking, jumping and throwing. This definition continues to be the most prominent one in the United Kingdom and most of the areas of the former British Empire. Furthermore, foreign words in many Germanic and Romance languages which are related to the term athletics also have a similar meaning. In contrast to this, in much of North America athletics is synonymous with athletic sports in general, maintaining a more historic usage of the term. -
WORLD ATHLETICS SERIES EVENTS BIDDING PROCESS Pre-Qualification Form WE ARE WORLD ATHLETICS
WORLD ATHLETICS SERIES EVENTS BIDDING PROCESS Pre-Qualification Form WE ARE WORLD ATHLETICS With more than 3.5 million athletes, 214 Member World Athletics Series Federations, and as the #1 Olympic sport, we are the international governing body for the sport of The World Athletics Series (WAS) is made up of athletics – representing all things Running, Jumping, seven of the most visible global athletics events. Throwing and Walking. Established in 1912, World Each WAS event was designed to bring unique Athletics (previously known as IAAF) was founded experiences to life, but they all share one common to fulfil the need for a world governing body to goal: to host the world’s best athletes and inspire regulate international competition, standardise international audiences. A core pillar of our technical equipment and rules, and maintain the list ‘Strategy for Growth 2020-2023’ is to create of official world records. All of these requirements globally appealing and accessible events that remain today, as well as the understanding that deliver tailored and significant impacts as well as athletics is no longer just about high performance, tangible benefits to Host Cities. gold medals and records but about ensuring the maximum number of people are able to participate in athletics. Our vision is to use the power and accessibility of athletics and our athletes to create a healthier and fitter world. Our mission is to grow the sport of athletics and make it relevant in people’s lives and in the lives of their communities. Contents A. GENERAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 A.1. Candidate Information ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 A.2. -
Regulations on Eligibility to Represent a Member in National Representative Competitions
Book C – C3.4 REGULATIONS ON ELIGIBILITY TO REPRESENT A MEMBER IN NATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE COMPETITIONS (In force from 1 November 2019) Book C – C3.4 Book C – C3.4 Specific Definitions The words and phrases used in these Rules that are defined terms (denoted by initial capital letters) shall have the meanings specified in the Constitution and the General Definitions, or (in respect of the following words and phrases) the following meanings: "Applicable Persons" has the meaning given to it in the Integrity Code of Conduct. "Area Official" has the meaning given to it in the Constitution. "Chairperson" has the meaning given to it in Clause 4.3 of these Regulations. "Competition Rules" means the rules of World Athletics known as the Competition Rules. "First Member" has the meaning given to it in Clause 2.1 of these Regulations. "Member Federation Official" has the meaning given to it in the Constitution. "National Representative Competitions" has the meaning given to it in the Competition Rules. "Nationality Review Panel" has the meaning given to it in Clause 4.1 of these Regulations. "Other Relevant Competition" has the meaning given to it in the Competition Rules. "Residence" has the meaning given to it in the Eligibility to Represent a Member Rules. "Second Member" has the meaning given to it in Clause 2.1 of these Regulations. World Athletics Regulations on Eligibility to Represent a Member in National Representative Competitions 1 Book C – C3.4 1. Overview 1.1 National Representative Competitions play a vital role in developing interest and participation in the sport of Athletics, and so in broadening the competitive playing base and encouraging the public interest that are vital to its long-term health and success. -
National Sports Federations (Top Ten Most Popular Olympic Sports)
National Sports Federations (top ten most popular Olympic sports) Coverage for data collection 2015, 2018-2020 Country Name (EN) EU Member States Belgium Royal Belgian Swimming Federation Royal Belgian Athletics Federation Royal Belgian Basketball Federation Belgian Cycling Belgian Equestrian Federation Royal Belgian Football Association Royal Belgian Golf Federation Royal Belgian Hockey Association Royal Belgian Federation of Yachting Royal Belgian Tennis Federation Bulgaria Bulgarian Athletics Federation Bulgarian Basketball Federation Bulgarian Boxing Federation Bulgarian Football Union Bulgarian Golf Association Bulgarian Rhythmic Gymnastics Federation Bulgarian Wrestling Federation Bulgarian Tennis Federation Bulgarian Volleyball Federation Bulgarian Weightlifting Federation Czech Republic Czech Swimming Federation Czech Athletic Federation Czech Basketball Federation Football Association of the Czech Republic Czech Golf Federation Czech Handball Federation Czech Republic Tennis Federation Czech Volleyball Federation Czech Ice Hockey Association Ski Association of the Czech Republic Denmark Danish Swimming Federation Danish Athletic Federation Badminton Denmark Denmark Basketball Federation Danish Football Association Danish Golf Union Danish Gymnastics Federation Danish Handball Federation Danish Tennis Federation Danish Ice Hockey Union Germany German Swimming Association German Athletics Federation German Equestrian Federation German Football Association German Golf Association German Gymnastics Federation German Handball Federation -
Challenges and Problems of Female Long Distance Athletes in Case of Zebidar Athletics Club in Guraghe Zone
Challenges and Problems of Female Long Distance Athletes in Case of Zebidar Athletics Club in Guraghe Zone By: Seifu Alemu Beysido August 2012 Addis Ababa 1 CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS OF FEMALE LONG DISTANCE ATHLETES IN CASE OF ZEBIDAR ATHLETICS CLUB IN GURAGHE ZONE BY Seifu Alemu Beysido A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MSC IN SPORT SCIENCE August, 2012 Addis Ababa 2 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRATUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS OF FEMALE FLONG DISTANCE ATHLETES IN CASE OF ZEBIDAR ATHLETICS CLUB IN GURAGHE ZONE By Seifu Alemu Beysido Approved by Board of Examiners _________________________________ ______________________________ Chairman, department Signature _________________________________ _______________________________ Advisor Signature _______________________________ ______________________________ External examiner Signature _________________________________ ______________________________ Internal examiner Signature 3 Table of contents Acknowledgments i Abstract ii Acronomy iii Table of contents iv List of table vii List of Appendix viii CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Back ground of the study 1 1.2 Statement of the problem 3 1.3 Objective of the study 4 1.3.1General objectives 4 1.3.2 Specific objectives 4 1.4 Hypotheses of the study 4 1.5 Significance of the study 5 1.6 Delimitation of the study 5 1.7 Limitation of the study 5 1.8 Definition of key terms 6 1.9 Organization of the study -
Annual Review 2015 Contents
ANNUAL REVIEW 2015 CONTENTS Our Model 5 Institute by Numbers 6 Directors Report 7 CEO Foreword 8 People 10 Systems 12 Support 16 Finance 26 Research 26 Meet the Team 27 2 3 4 OUR MODEL High Performan ce Performan ce P System Prepara tio n E E Building R V F E O I Quali ty R L E Management Competition M System B Suppo rt Systems Athle te Support Performan ce Management Health System Maintenan ce People Capaci ty & Inju ry & Expertise Illness Building Management High Performan ce Communi ty Cultu re of E xcellen ce ACHIEVE 5 INSTITUTE BY NUMBERS 6 DIRECTOR’S REPORT Following a status check and needs analysis survey carried out at the end of 2014 with Performance Leads we started 2015 with a 24 month plan which set out our support focus around the key sports and athletes leading into the Rio Games and out the other side. We prioritised 5 objectives: 1) Focus on athletes with the greatest medal potential (as determined by high performance directors) 2) Focus on sports with the structure to most effectively support their athletes 3) Focus on key coaches and support their performance 4) No compromise support for these priority athletes and coaches 5) Ensure we provide a fully integrated support service aligned to performance, driven by coaches, managed by professionals and delivered by experts These objectives were kept in focus during our discussions and interactions with sports on the ground and informed our interventions throughout 2015. They also influenced our decisions around support services investment. 2015 Highlights We kicked off our 1st quarter with our HPX Conference at the Irish Management Institute which was very well received by the high performance community in attendance. -
Athletics Australia Selection Policy 2019 World Para Athletics Championships Dubai, United Arab Emirates 7-15 November 2019
Athletics Australia Selection Policy 2019 World Para Athletics Championships ATHLETICS AUSTRALIA SELECTION POLICY 2019 WORLD PARA ATHLETICS CHAMPIONSHIPS DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 7-15 NOVEMBER 2019 This document sets out the basis on which Athletics Australia will select its Team for the World Para Athletics Championships in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 7-15 November 2019. 1 Aims The aim of Athletics Australia’s Selection Policy for the World Para Athletics Championships is to nominate a quality team capable of realising Australia’s vision of being a Top 5 Nation at Benchmark Events. The policy is aligned with the Australian Institute of Sport High Performance strategy and with the Athletics Australia Strategic Plan to achieve gold medals, supported by silver and bronze medals at Paralympic Games and World Para Athletics Championships. Specifically, the policy aims to facilitate the following outcomes: • Selecting athletes that are realistic medal contenders in Dubai, and • Selecting athletes that are realistic medal contenders at 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games. 2 Standards, criteria and athlete numbers Consistent with this strategy, and in accordance with previous Athletics Australia selection strategies for Para-athletics teams, Athletics Australia has developed Athletics Australia A (“AA A”) and Athletics Australia B (“AA B") Selection Standards for this policy. “AA A” and “AA B” Selection Standards are available in Appendix 1 of this document. The World Para Athletics P a g e | 1 Version 2.1 24/01/19 Athletics Australia Selection Policy 2019 World Para Athletics Championships Qualification Standards are the minimum qualification entry standards for all events, however selection will be in accordance with this selection policy.