"HERACLES Preparing Human Exploration by Integrated Certification of Crew and Hardware for Lunar Surface Operations”

Markus Landgraf ESA/ESTEC Future In-Space Operations Telecon 06/04/2016

ESA UNCLASSIFIEDESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official – for Use official use CONTEXT

The Global Exploration Roadmap

August 2013 → EXPLORING TOGETHER ESA Space Exploration Strategy

HERACLES

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 2 A Long-Range Human Exploration Strategy

CONTEXT

ISECG Mission Scenario

2020 2030 Low-Earth Orbit International Space Station Robotic Mission Commercial or Government-Owned Platforms Human Mission Beyond Low-Earth Orbit Cargo Mission Test Missions

Asteroid Redirection Rosetta Hayabusa2 OSIRIS-REx (Sample Return) (Sample Return) Explore Near-Earth Asteroid Near-Earth Objects Apophis Extended Staging Post for Crew Duration Lunar Vicinity to Lunar Surface Crew Potential Commercial Opportunities Missions

LADEE Luna 25 Luna 26 Luna 27 RESOLVE SELENE-2 Luna 28/29 SELENE-3 Human-Assisted Humans to Lunar Surface Chandrayaan-2 (Sample Return) Sample Return Moon Potential Commercial Opportunities

Human-Assisted Sample Return Sustainable Human MAVEN ISRO Mars ExoMars InSight ExoMars Mars JAXA Mars Sample Return Mission Missions to the Orbiter Mission 2016 2018 2020 Mars Opportunities Mars System Mars Precursor Human Scale EDL Test Mission Opportunities

Multi-Destination Small Human Transportation Initial Cargo Surface Cargo Lander Mobility Capabilities Delivery (Planned and Conceptual) Evolvable Orion Russian Advanced Deep Space Orion Crewed Orion Icon indicates frst use opportunity. & Piloted Electric Habitat & SLS Lunar & SLS Commercial/institutional launchers not shown. SLS System Propulsion (Upgrade) Lander (Upgrade)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 3

4 MISSION STATEMENT

“The Human-Enhanced Robotic Architecture and Capability for Lunar Exploration and Science (HERACLES) is to establish the elements and capabilities for sustainable human exploration of the Moon and human- robotic exploration of Mars while maximising opportunities for unprecedented scientific knowledge gain”

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 4 MISSION OBJECTIVES

• Achieve human rating of critical subsystems of a lunar lander by flight test: • ascent and descent engine • autonomous GNC for descent, landing, ascent, and rendezvous • Provide opportunities for crew certification • surface mobility operations • surface landing operations • Advance understanding of ISRU by • sample return • deployment of a pilot plant • Provide opportunities for scientific research • sample return • in situ investigation • Prepare international partnership for roles in lunar surface exploration

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 5 BASIC ARCHITECTURE ELEMENTS

Sample Container Lunar Ascent Element Mass: 25 kg Dry mass: 600 kg Samples: up to 15kg Wet mass: 1,300 kg Cryo-Samples: 1kg Thrust: 6kN Cryo temperature: -140 °C

Lunar Descent Element Dry mass: 1,800 kg Rover Wet mass: 8,700 kg Mass: 500 kg Thrust: 30 kN Speed: 5 km/h Lifetime: 2y Communication: 10 Mbps Robotics: 2 arms Night survival Eclipse operations Ground and orbit crew control

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 6 REFERENCE SCENARIO – HERACLES (1/3)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 7 REFERENCE SCENARIO – HERACLES (2/3)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 8 REFERENCE SCENARIO – HERACLES (3/3 REUSE)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 9 REFERENCE SCENARIO – HERACLES (3/3 NON- REUSE)

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 10 TOP-LEVEL HERACLES OPERATIONAL CONCEPT

• Detailed coordinated (ESA & international partners) ConOps available • Coordinated Surface Campaign Description Document available (performance wrt. exploration and science objectives in agenda point 3) • Based on exploitation of cis-lunar infrastructure: eDSH and Orion • Crew role in sample return and vehicle control is essential element • Flexibility in operational authority: autonomous systems, ground crew, orbital crew è optimum tele-ops approach as per METERON test plan (agenda point 2) • Extended duration operations for reusable elements: ascent stage and rover • Multiple surface missions mimicking human architecture • N x 70d for lunar module (= DNDND = 5x14) • 2 y for rover

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 11 Medium TraverseEXAMPLE LANDING SITE: SCHRÖDINGER

Pyroclastic Inter-peak ring Smooth inner-peak ring

Peak ring

Secondary Slump craters

Smooth outer-peak ring

Smooth hummocky floor

Basin wall Basin diameter ~320 km

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 12 • INSPIRATIONAL “FIRSTS”

1. First soft landing south of 41°S 2. First soft landing Pole-ward of 45° latitude 3. First return of samples outside the KREEP region 4. First landing on the far side 5. First equipment surviving lunar night 6. First rover tele-operated by orbital crew 7. First sample delivery to orbital station 8. First assembly of lunar lander in orbit 9. First return of SPA samples 10. First return of PSR samples 11. First cryogenic sample return 12. First reuse of lunar ascent stage 13. First rover to visit more than one landing sites 14. First production of oxygen from lunar regolith 15. First climb of lunar mountain by rover 16. First lander tele-operated by orbital crew

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use Slide 13 THANK YOU !

ESA UNCLASSIFIED – for official use