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Gravimetric Missions in Japanese Lunar Explorer, SELENE
Gravimetric Missions in Japanese Lunar Explorer, SELENE H. Hanada1), T. Iwata2), N. Namiki3), N. Kawano1), K. Asari1), T. Ishikawa1), F. Kikuchi1), Q. Liu1), K. Matsumoto1), H. Noda1), J. Ping4), S. Tsuruta1), K. Iwadate1), O. Kameya1), S. Kuji1), Y. Tamura1), X. Hong4), Y. Aili5), S. Ellingsen6) 1) National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3) Kyushu University 4) Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5)Urumqi Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences 6) University of Tasmania ABSTRACT SELENE (SElenological and Engineering Explorer), is a mission in preparation for launch in 2007 by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), it carries 15 missions, two of which (RSAT and VRAD) are gravimetric experiments using radio waves. The RSAT (Relay Satellite Transponder) mission will undertake 4-way Doppler measurements of the main orbiter through the Rstar sub-satellite. This is in addition to 2-way Doppler and ranging measurements of the satellites and will realize the first direct observation of the gravity fields on the far side of the Moon. The VRAD (Differential VLBI Radio Source) mission involves observing the trajectories of Rstar and Vstar using differential VLBI with both a Japanese network (VERA), and an international network. We have already finished development of the onboard instruments and are carrying out proto-flight tests under various conditions. We have also performed test VLBI observations of orbiters with the international network. 1. INTRODUCTION Although it is the nearest astronomical body to the Earth, there are many unsolved problems relating to the origin and the evolution of the Moon. Numerous lunar explorations have been made with the aim of elucidating these problems, however, we still know little of the deep interior of the Moon. -
The Surface Operations Framework – Transitioning from Early Analogue Experiments to Future Lunar Missions
THE SURFACE OPERATIONS FRAMEWORK – TRANSITIONING FROM EARLY ANALOGUE EXPERIMENTS TO FUTURE LUNAR MISSIONS Sebastian Martin(1), Toril Bye Rinnan(2), Mehran Sarkarati(3), Kim Nergaard(4) (1) ESA/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: [email protected] (2) Solenix Deutschland GmbH, Spreestraße 3, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: [email protected] (3) ESA/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: [email protected] (4) ESA/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT to assess the financial and technical feasibility of new mission concepts, technologies and studies before This paper provides an overview of a family of possibly advancing them to the next phases of activities performed within the European Space implementation of a mission. Operations Centre (ESOC) to prepare for future robotic As the result of one such concurrent design study in missions on the lunar surface and beyond. 2009, the METERON concept was created. METERON – the Multi-purpose End-To-End Robotics Operations Over the course of nearly a decade, ESOC has been Network – was initiated to prepare for future human and gradually building up expertise for future surface robotic exploration scenarios. These future scenarios operations activities. foresee robotic assets controlled on the surface of Moon This paper describes or Mars, with humans operating those assets from an - the activities and corresponding systems prepared orbiting vehicle or by Earth ground control. The benefit from the ground up before concrete missions were of near real-time remote asset operations is to reduce defined, human risks and cost by not having to land humans and - how we are now covering a range of activities return them from the surface, while still being able to where we have requirements from missions in the control robotic assets with short transmission delays definition phases while continuing to build on from an orbiter. -
Asteroid Shape and Spin Statistics from Convex Models J
Asteroid shape and spin statistics from convex models J. Torppa, V.-P. Hentunen, P. Pääkkönen, P. Kehusmaa, K. Muinonen To cite this version: J. Torppa, V.-P. Hentunen, P. Pääkkönen, P. Kehusmaa, K. Muinonen. Asteroid shape and spin statistics from convex models. Icarus, Elsevier, 2008, 198 (1), pp.91. 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.07.014. hal-00499092 HAL Id: hal-00499092 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00499092 Submitted on 9 Jul 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Asteroid shape and spin statistics from convex models J. Torppa, V.-P. Hentunen, P. Pääkkönen, P. Kehusmaa, K. Muinonen PII: S0019-1035(08)00283-2 DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.07.014 Reference: YICAR 8734 To appear in: Icarus Received date: 18 September 2007 Revised date: 3 July 2008 Accepted date: 7 July 2008 Please cite this article as: J. Torppa, V.-P. Hentunen, P. Pääkkönen, P. Kehusmaa, K. Muinonen, Asteroid shape and spin statistics from convex models, Icarus (2008), doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.07.014 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. -
ESA Strategy for Science at the Moon
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public ESA Strategy for Science at the Moon ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A new era of space exploration is beginning, with multiple international and private sector actors engaged and with the Moon as its cornerstone. This renaissance in lunar exploration will offer new opportunities for science across a multitude of disciplines from planetary geology to astronomy and astrobiology whilst preparing the knowledge humanity will need to explore further into the Solar System. Recent missions and new analyses of samples retrieved during Apollo have transformed our understanding of the Moon and the science that can be performed there. We now understand the scientific importance of further exploration of the Moon to understand the origins and evolution of Earth and the cosmic context of life’s emergence on Earth and our future in space. ESA’s priorities for scientific activities at the Moon in the next ten years are: • Analysis of new and diverse samples from the Moon. • Detection and characterisation of polar water ice and other lunar volatiles. • Deployment of geophysical instruments and the build up a global geophysical network. • Identification and characterisation of potential resources for future exploration. • Deployment long wavelength radio astronomy receivers on the lunar far side. • Characterisation of the dynamic dust, charge and plasma environment. • Characterisation of biological sensitivity to the lunar environment. ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Releasable to the Public -
The Minor Planet Bulletin
THE MINOR PLANET BULLETIN OF THE MINOR PLANETS SECTION OF THE BULLETIN ASSOCIATION OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY OBSERVERS VOLUME 36, NUMBER 3, A.D. 2009 JULY-SEPTEMBER 77. PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF 343 OSTARA Our data can be obtained from http://www.uwec.edu/physics/ AND OTHER ASTEROIDS AT HOBBS OBSERVATORY asteroid/. Lyle Ford, George Stecher, Kayla Lorenzen, and Cole Cook Acknowledgements Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire We thank the Theodore Dunham Fund for Astrophysics, the Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004 National Science Foundation (award number 0519006), the [email protected] University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, and the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire (Received: 2009 Feb 11) Blugold Fellow and McNair programs for financial support. References We observed 343 Ostara on 2008 October 4 and obtained R and V standard magnitudes. The period was Binzel, R.P. (1987). “A Photoelectric Survey of 130 Asteroids”, found to be significantly greater than the previously Icarus 72, 135-208. reported value of 6.42 hours. Measurements of 2660 Wasserman and (17010) 1999 CQ72 made on 2008 Stecher, G.J., Ford, L.A., and Elbert, J.D. (1999). “Equipping a March 25 are also reported. 0.6 Meter Alt-Azimuth Telescope for Photometry”, IAPPP Comm, 76, 68-74. We made R band and V band photometric measurements of 343 Warner, B.D. (2006). A Practical Guide to Lightcurve Photometry Ostara on 2008 October 4 using the 0.6 m “Air Force” Telescope and Analysis. Springer, New York, NY. located at Hobbs Observatory (MPC code 750) near Fall Creek, Wisconsin. -
Protons in the Near Lunar Wake Observed by the SARA Instrument on Board Chandrayaan-1
FUTAANA ET AL. PROTONS IN DEEP WAKE NEAR MOON 1 Protons in the Near Lunar Wake Observed by the SARA 2 Instrument on Board Chandrayaan-1 3 Y. Futaana, 1 S. Barabash, 1 M. Wieser, 1 M. Holmström, 1 A. Bhardwaj, 2 M. B. Dhanya, 2 R. 4 Sridharan, 2 P. Wurz, 3 A. Schaufelberger, 3 K. Asamura 4 5 --- 6 Y. Futaana, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, Kiruna, SE-98128, Sweden. 7 ([email protected]) 8 9 10 1 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, Kiruna, SE-98128, Sweden 11 2 Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Trivandrum 695 022, India 12 3 Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 13 4 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Japan 14 Index Terms 15 6250 Moon 16 5421 Interactions with particles and fields 17 2780 Magnetospheric Physics: Solar wind interactions with unmagnetized bodies 18 7807 Space Plasma Physics: Charged particle motion and acceleration 19 Abstract 20 Significant proton fluxes were detected in the near wake region of the Moon by an ion mass 21 spectrometer on board Chandrayaan-1. The energy of these nightside protons is slightly higher than 22 the energy of the solar wind protons. The protons are detected close to the lunar equatorial plane at 23 a 140˚ solar zenith angle, i.e., ~50˚ behind the terminator at a height of 100 km. The protons come 24 from just above the local horizon, and move along the magnetic field in the solar wind reference 25 frame. -
Global Exploration Roadmap
The Global Exploration Roadmap January 2018 What is New in The Global Exploration Roadmap? This new edition of the Global Exploration robotic space exploration. Refinements in important role in sustainable human space Roadmap reaffirms the interest of 14 space this edition include: exploration. Initially, it supports human and agencies to expand human presence into the robotic lunar exploration in a manner which Solar System, with the surface of Mars as • A summary of the benefits stemming from creates opportunities for multiple sectors to a common driving goal. It reflects a coordi- space exploration. Numerous benefits will advance key goals. nated international effort to prepare for space come from this exciting endeavour. It is • The recognition of the growing private exploration missions beginning with the Inter- important that mission objectives reflect this sector interest in space exploration. national Space Station (ISS) and continuing priority when planning exploration missions. Interest from the private sector is already to the lunar vicinity, the lunar surface, then • The important role of science and knowl- transforming the future of low Earth orbit, on to Mars. The expanded group of agencies edge gain. Open interaction with the creating new opportunities as space agen- demonstrates the growing interest in space international science community helped cies look to expand human presence into exploration and the importance of coopera- identify specific scientific opportunities the Solar System. Growing capability and tion to realise individual and common goals created by the presence of humans and interest from the private sector indicate and objectives. their infrastructure as they explore the Solar a future for collaboration not only among System. -
Occultation Newsletter Volume 8, Number 4
Volume 12, Number 1 January 2005 $5.00 North Am./$6.25 Other International Occultation Timing Association, Inc. (IOTA) In this Issue Article Page The Largest Members Of Our Solar System – 2005 . 4 Resources Page What to Send to Whom . 3 Membership and Subscription Information . 3 IOTA Publications. 3 The Offices and Officers of IOTA . .11 IOTA European Section (IOTA/ES) . .11 IOTA on the World Wide Web. Back Cover ON THE COVER: Steve Preston posted a prediction for the occultation of a 10.8-magnitude star in Orion, about 3° from Betelgeuse, by the asteroid (238) Hypatia, which had an expected diameter of 148 km. The predicted path passed over the San Francisco Bay area, and that turned out to be quite accurate, with only a small shift towards the north, enough to leave Richard Nolthenius, observing visually from the coast northwest of Santa Cruz, to have a miss. But farther north, three other observers video recorded the occultation from their homes, and they were fortuitously located to define three well- spaced chords across the asteroid to accurately measure its shape and location relative to the star, as shown in the figure. The dashed lines show the axes of the fitted ellipse, produced by Dave Herald’s WinOccult program. This demonstrates the good results that can be obtained by a few dedicated observers with a relatively faint star; a bright star and/or many observers are not always necessary to obtain solid useful observations. – David Dunham Publication Date for this issue: July 2005 Please note: The date shown on the cover is for subscription purposes only and does not reflect the actual publication date. -
FACTORS" with Multiple Compact Satellites for the Space-Earth Coupling Mechanisms
PCG21-05 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2018 Science Objectives and Mission Plan of "FACTORS" with Multiple Compact Satellites for the Space-Earth Coupling Mechanisms *Masafumi Hirahara1, Yoshifumi Saito2, Hirotsugu Kojima3, Naritoshi Kitamura2, Kazushi Asamura 2, Ayako Matsuoka2, Takeshi Sakanoi4, Yoshizumi Miyoshi1, Shin-ichiro Oyama1, Masatoshi Yamauchi5, Yuichi Tsuda2, Nobutaka Bando2 1. Institute of Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, 2. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, 4. Planetary Plasma and Atmospheric Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 5. Swedish Institute of Space Physics After the successful launch and the recent observational progresses of the ERG(Arase) satellite mission, we have been leading the next community exploration mission in the Japanese space physics research. In the ERG mission, we are focusing on the unique space plasma mechanisms and conditions causing the terrestrial radiation belt through the wave-particle interaction analyses and the triangle-type research system consisting the satellite and ground-based observations and the data analyses/modelings/simulations. Our next exploration target is the space-Earth connection processes/mechanisms responsible for the formation and coupling of the terrestrial magnetosphere/ionoshere/thermosphere and the acceleration and transportation of the space plasma and neutral atmospheric particles, which could be -
Solar System Exploration Strategic Road Map and Venus Exploration
Solar System Exploration Strategic Road Map and Venus Exploration Presentation at Lunar and Planetary Science Conference James A. Cutts Solar System Exploration Directorate, JPL James R. Robinson Science Missions Directorate, NASA HQ March 16, 2005 03/16/2005 Predecisional - for discussion purposes only 1 Purpose of this briefing • To inform the Venus Science community about the status of the solar system exploration strategic planning process that is currently being carried out by NASA • To seek inputs on future priorities for Venus exploration for inclusion in the nation’s solar system exploration program for input to this process 03/16/2005 Predecisional - for discussion purposes only 2 Strategic Planning and Venus Exploration? • NASA is conducting a strategic planning activity that builds upon the President’s Vision for Space Exploration published in January 2004. • Three Strategic Road Map teams are formulating plans for exploration of the solar system. – Mars Exploration – Lunar Exploration – Solar System Exploration (covering Venus exploration) – co chaired by • Orlando Figueroa (Assoc Director, Science NASA HQ) • Scott Hubbard (Director, ARC) • Jonathan Lunine, University of Arizona and Chair of NASA Solar System Exploration subcommittee • The Solar System Exploration Road Map team is on a very aggressive schedule. It is scheduled to submit its report for review by the National Research Council by June 1, 2005 An important function of this plan will be to guide the NASA investment in new technologies and related capabilities over the next decade. 03/16/2005 Predecisional - for discussion purposes only 3 Strategic Road Map - Solar System Exploration Committee Members • Orlando Figueroa, NASA Science Mission Directorate co-chair G. -
AAS SFMC Manuscript Format Template
(Preprint) AAS 18-344 REFINED MISSION ANALYSIS FOR HERACLES – A ROBOTIC LUNAR SURFACE SAMPLE RETURN MISSION UTILIZING HUMAN INFRASTRUCTURE Dr.-Ing. Florian Renk,* Dr. rer. nat. Markus Landgraf,† and Lorenzo Bucci‡ In the frame of the International Space Exploration Coordination Working Group the European Space Agency is participating in the planning of future ex- ploration architectures. The mission concept for the robotic lander mission (Human Enhanced Robotic Architecture and Capability for Lunar Exploration and Science – HERACLES) has matured meanwhile. The mission aims for a human assisted sample return from the lunar surface, while at the same time providing a qualification opportunity for technologies required for a crewed lu- nar lander. Human spaceflight rating is required for parts of the mission, since the sample return shall not be via a direct return trajectory, but the samples shall be transported via Orion, and thus docking of the robotic lander to the LOP-G will be required. This paper shall provide an update on the current mission de- sign as agreed between the international partners and the associated mission analysis as all the intermediate and final orbits have been selected for the base- line. The implications of the design decision as well as some alternatives that can serve as a backup scenario will be presented as well. The paper will first present the baseline mission sequence and will then focus on aspects of particu- lar interest as e.g. the strong limitation in the launch window design and the ren- dezvous and docking strategy. INTRODUCTION HERACLES is intended as a human-robotic architecture in the frame of preparations for hu- man exploration activities on the lunar surface. -
The Minor Planet Bulletin 44 (2017) 142
THE MINOR PLANET BULLETIN OF THE MINOR PLANETS SECTION OF THE BULLETIN ASSOCIATION OF LUNAR AND PLANETARY OBSERVERS VOLUME 44, NUMBER 2, A.D. 2017 APRIL-JUNE 87. 319 LEONA AND 341 CALIFORNIA – Lightcurves from all sessions are then composited with no TWO VERY SLOWLY ROTATING ASTEROIDS adjustment of instrumental magnitudes. A search should be made for possible tumbling behavior. This is revealed whenever Frederick Pilcher successive rotational cycles show significant variation, and Organ Mesa Observatory (G50) quantified with simultaneous 2 period software. In addition, it is 4438 Organ Mesa Loop useful to obtain a small number of all-night sessions for each Las Cruces, NM 88011 USA object near opposition to look for possible small amplitude short [email protected] period variations. Lorenzo Franco Observations to obtain the data used in this paper were made at the Balzaretto Observatory (A81) Organ Mesa Observatory with a 0.35-meter Meade LX200 GPS Rome, ITALY Schmidt-Cassegrain (SCT) and SBIG STL-1001E CCD. Exposures were 60 seconds, unguided, with a clear filter. All Petr Pravec measurements were calibrated from CMC15 r’ values to Cousins Astronomical Institute R magnitudes for solar colored field stars. Photometric Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic measurement is with MPO Canopus software. To reduce the Fricova 1, CZ-25165 number of points on the lightcurves and make them easier to read, Ondrejov, CZECH REPUBLIC data points on all lightcurves constructed with MPO Canopus software have been binned in sets of 3 with a maximum time (Received: 2016 Dec 20) difference of 5 minutes between points in each bin.