Non- Fiction KOLBRUN THORA EIRIKSDOTTIR [email protected]
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Iceland Can Be Considered Volcanologist “Heaven”
Iceland can be considered volcanologist “heaven” 1) Sub-aerial continuation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge 2) Intersection of a mantle plume with a spreading ocean ridge 3) Volcanism associated with tectonic rifting 4) Sub-glacial volcanism 5) Tertiary flood (plateau) basalts 6) Bi-modal volcanism 7) Submarine volcanism 8) 18 historically active volcanoes 9) Eruptions roughly every 5 years 1. The North Atlantic opened about 54 Ma separating Greenland from Europe. 2. Spreading was initially along the now extinct Agir ridge (AER). 3. The Icelandic plume was under Greenland at that time. 4. The Greenland – Faeroe ridge represents the plume track during the history of the NE Atlantic. Kolbeinsey ridge (KR) 5. During the last 20 Ma the Reykjanes Ridge (RR) Icelandic rift zones have migrated eastward, stepwise, maintaining their position near the plume 6. The plume center is thought to be beneath Vatnajökull 1 North Rift Zone – currently active East Rift Zone – currently active West Rift Zone – last erupted about 1000-1300 AD [Also eastern (Oræfajökull) and western (Snæfellsnese) flank zones] Rift zones comprise en-echelon basaltic fissure swarms 5-15 km wide and up to 200 km long. Over time these fissures swarms develop a volcanic center, eventually maturing into a central volcano with a caldera and silicic Tertiary volcanics > 3.1 Ma volcanism Late Tertiary to Early Quaternary 3.1 – 0.7 Ma Neo-volcanic zone <0.7 - present Schematic representation of Iceland’s mantle plume. The crust is about 35 – 40 km thick Iceland’s mantle plume has been tomographically imaged down to 400 km. Some claim even deeper, through the transition zone, and down to the core – mantle boundary. -
Inventory of Networks – Phase II
Inventory of Networks – Phase II ICELAND Compiled by Rannís and Arctic Portal 1/20/2012 Iceland Preface The Arctic Council and IASC agreed in 2011 to establish Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks (SAON). Yet preparation for SAON had been underway since 2007. The purpose of SAON is to support and strengthen the development of multinational engagement for sustained and coordinated pan-Arctic observing and data sharing systems that serve societal needs, particularly related to environmental, social, economic and cultural issues. SAON promotes the vision of well-defined observing networks that enable users to have access to free, open and high quality data that will realize pan-Arctic and global value-added services and provide societal benefits. Its goal is to enhance Arctic-wide observing activities by facilitating partnerships and synergies among existing observing and data networks (“building blocks”), and promoting sharing and synthesis of data and information. SAON also is committed to facilitating the inclusion of Arctic indigenous people in observing activities, in particular by promoting community-based monitoring (CBM) efforts. Iceland has a unique feature – alongside Greenland ‐ of being the only state that is fully situated within the Arctic. Iceland is also an interesting case study since it is an island in the midst of the north Atlantic, where changes of climate and other aspects of nature can be viewed in a relatively isolated ecosystem. This report introduces the contemporary monitoring institutions and networks in the country. These institutions cover many fields of research and monitoring and they belong to six different ministries. As one of the roles of the Icelandic Centre of Research (RANNIS) is to coordinate and promote Icelandic participation in collaborative international projects in science and technology, RANNIS has been appointed as the national contact point for SAON in Iceland. -
Iceland (Háskóli Íslands) Otago's Second Semester 2009 Degree Programme While on Exchange: Earth Science My Majors: Geology and Zoology Iceland
Z. Hynd University of Iceland (Háskóli Íslands) Otago's second semester 2009 Degree programme while on exchange: Earth Science My Majors: Geology and Zoology Iceland Ísland - Fire and Ice Pronounced “eesland” ( ís is ice). This is definitely the coolest (but not coldest) place you can go on exchange with Otago! It's not as frigid as its name suggests, everyone knows Iceland is green and Greenland is ice. The capitol city, Reykjavík (pronounced “rake-ya-veek”) enjoys positive temperatures almost the whole year round. On the odd occasion it does drop below 0°C it will rarely reach double digits. Yes they speak English! Though Icelandic (or Íslenska) is the main language, almost everyone except for young children and the extreme elderly can speak very good English. Reykjavík means “smoky bay” in Icelandic. The original Norwegian settlers ~870 AD named it this because of the steam rising from the geothermal springs. The country sits atop the diverging North American and Eurasian tectonic plates and the reason it is not underwater like the rest of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is because of the Iceland Hotspot. Centred beneath Europe's largest glacier Vatnajökull (“vatna- yerk-idl”), this suspected mantle-plume is responsible for all the excess volcanism on the island. Iceland is geological wonderland on a par with Hawaii and New Zealand and is obviously a fantastic place for geologists, but before tourism focused on its natural wonders, people came to Iceland for its literature. The legendary Icelandic Sagas are the most famous of Icelandic literature, from which it is said J.R.R. -
ICELAND Journey to Iceland and Explore How Its Geography Helped Shape Its Unique Culture and Its Independence from Fossil Fuels
Faces® Teacher Guide: November/December 2018 ICELAND Journey to Iceland and explore how its geography helped shape its unique culture and its independence from fossil fuels. CONVERSATION QUESTION How does Iceland’s geography influence its culture? In addition to supplemental materials TEACHING OBJECTIVES focused on core Social Studies skills, • Students will learn about Icelandic geography and this flexible teaching tool offers culture. vocabulary-building activities, • Students will describe how the physical characteristics of places are connected to human questions for discussion, and cross- cultures. curricular activities. • Students will analyze the combinations of cultural and environmental characteristics that make places different from other places. • Students will explain how cultural patterns and economic decisions influence environments and the SELECTIONS daily lives of people. • In the Kitchens of Fire and Ice • Students will use details from a text to write a story. Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L • Students will conduct research using print and digital • Weathering the Weather sources. Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L • Students will create a multimedia presentation. • The Eco-Friendliest Country on Earth Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L U33T http://www.cricketmedia.com/classroom/Faces-magazine Faces® Teacher Guide: November/December 2018 In the Kitchens of Fire and ENGAGE Ice Conversation Question: How does Iceland’s geography influence its culture? pp. 12–15, Expository Nonfiction Explore how the rugged geography and Explain that Iceland’s geography is dominated by rocky soil and climate of Iceland have influenced its mountainous terrain with many active volcanoes. Also explain it is an farming practices and its cuisine. island in the far north, near the Arctic Circle. Ask students to hypothesize how the geography of Iceland influences the types of foods that are commonly eaten there. -
Iceland and the Crisis: Territory, Europe, Identity
Revista Română de Geografie Politică Year XIII, no. 1, May 2011, pp. 5-15 ISSN 1454-2749, E-ISSN 2065-1619 Article no. 131101-216 ICELAND AND THE CRISIS: TERRITORY, EUROPE, IDENTITY Luca ZARRILLI* University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Italy. Department of Economics and History of the Territory, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The growing phase of Iceland’s economy, which began after World War II, was brusquely interrupted in October 2008, when the country was brought to the verge of bankruptcy and Icelanders were catapulted in the so- called kreppa: the very serious financial and social crisis with which Icelanders will have to deal in the years to come. The financial crisis, actually, has been producing, in the last two-year period, significant consequences also in terms of domestic politics, international relations (with special regard to an entry in the EU backed by the new government), cultural debate and even national identity, in addition to the highly evident economic effects. An exploitation of the advanced skills that Iceland has achieved in areas related to the analysis and the governance of the territory could be the response to the crisis from the points of view of environmental sustainability and business diversification. Additionally, it could represent a reaffirmation – as well as a redefinition – of a cultural identity. Key words: Iceland, crisis, EU, territory, identity ****** Iceland between reality and stereotype – In the collective imagery, Iceland distinguishes itself because of its geological and natural features, according to a stereotyped vision of this land (a land characterised by “ice and fire”, “the wild” and “the extreme”). -
The Feasibility of Meeting the Demand for Fresh Food from Horticulture in Iceland
Final Thesis for MS-Degree in Environment and Natural Resources The Feasibility of Meeting the Demand for Fresh Food from Horticulture in Iceland Azusa Yamada Supervisor: Sveinn Agnarsson Ragnheidur Inga Thorarinsdottir The Feasibility of Meeting the Demand for Fresh Food from Horticulture in Iceland Azusa Yamada Final Thesis for MS Degree in Environment and Natural Resources Supervisors: Sveinn Agnarsson Ragnheidur Inga Thorarinsdottir Faculty of Business Administration School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland Graduating February 2020 1 The feasibility of meeting the demand for fresh food from horticulture in Iceland. This is a 30-credit thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for an MS degree in Environment and Natural Resources linked with the Faculty of Business Administration, School of Social Sciences, University of Iceland. © 2020 Azusa Yamada This thesis can be copied only with the author’s permission. Printed by: Háskólaprent Reykjavík 2020 2 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisors, Ragnheidur Inga Thorarinsdottir and Sveinn Agnarsson. Thank you, Ragnheidur, for seeing the potential in this topic at an early stage and encouraging me with constructive advice. Sveinn, thank you for your profound belief in my work and unparalleled support. I couldn’t have come this far without your support and guidance. I would also like to acknowledge and thank all of the interviewees and experts, whose names cannot be disclosed, who were involved in this project. Their passionate participation and input were indispensable to this work. I am also grateful to the Watanabe Trust Fund of the University of Iceland scholarship programme for allowing me to explore my passions and cultivate my intellectual curiosity in this beautiful country. -
Marla J. Koberstein
Master‘s thesis Expansion of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. onto juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. nursery habitat in the Westfjords of Iceland Marla J. Koberstein Advisor: Jόnas Páll Jόnasson University of Akureyri Faculty of Business and Science University Centre of the Westfjords Master of Resource Management: Coastal and Marine Management Ísafjörður, February 2013 Supervisory Committee Advisor: Name, title Reader: Name, title Program Director: Dagný Arnarsdóttir, MSc. Marla Koberstein Expansion of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. onto juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa L. nursery habitat in the Westfjords of Iceland 45 ECTS thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master of Resource Management degree in Coastal and Marine Management at the University Centre of the Westfjords, Suðurgata 12, 400 Ísafjörður, Iceland Degree accredited by the University of Akureyri, Faculty of Business and Science, Borgir, 600 Akureyri, Iceland Copyright © 2013 Marla Koberstein All rights reserved Printing: Háskólaprent, Reykjavik, February 2013 Declaration I hereby confirm that I am the sole author of this thesis and it is a product of my own academic research. __________________________________________ Student‘s name Abstract Sandy-bottom coastal ecosystems provide integral nursery habitat for juvenile fishes, and threats to these regions compromise populations at this critical life stage. The threat of aquatic invasive species in particular can be difficult to detect, and climate change may facilitate the spread and establishment of new species. In 2003, the European brown shrimp Crangon crangon L. was discovered off the southwest coast of Iceland. This species is a concern for Iceland due to the combination of its dominance in coastal communities and level of predation on juvenile flatfish, namely plaice Pleuronectes platessa L., observed in its native range. -
Agreement Between Iceland and Norway on the Continental Shelf Between Iceland and Jan Mayen
Agreement between Iceland and Norway on the Continental Shelf Between Iceland and Jan Mayen Agla Margrét Egilsdóttir 2013 Master of Law Author: Agla Margrét Egilsdóttir ID number: 080885-2619 Instructor: Catherine Banet Lagadeild School of Law i Útdráttur Samkomulag Íslands og Noregs um landgrunnið á svæðinu milli Íslands og Jan Mayen Með samkomulagi Íslands og Noregs um landgrunnið á svæðinu milli Íslands og Jan Mayen frá 1981 var kveðið á um mörk landgrunnsins á svæðinu sem skyldu vera hin sömu og mörk efnahagslögsögu þeirra. Í samningnum var einnig skilgreint sameiginlegt nýtingarsvæði sem nær yfir beggja vegna landgrunnsmarka Íslands og Jan Mayen. Samkvæmt fyrirkomulaginu um sameiginlegt nýtingarsvæði á Ísland rétt á 25% þátttöku í olíustarfsemi á norska hluta svæðisins og einnig á Noregur rétt á 25% þátttöku í olíustarfsemi á íslenska hluta svæðisins sem er þekkt sem Drekasvæðið. Markmið þessarar ritgerðar er að rannsaka lagagrundvöll fyrirkomulagsins sem kveður á um sameiginlega nýtingasvæðið þar sem lagagrundvöllur þess hefur verið umdeildur innan þjóðaréttar og þá sérstaklega hvort það sé talin vera þjóðréttarleg skylda að ganga í slíkt fyrirkomulag um sameiginlegt nýtingarsvæði. Það verður gert með því að rannsaka samspil ákvæða Hafréttarsáttmálans og annarra reglna þjóðaréttar, venjuréttar meðal þjóða og úrskurða Alþjóðadómstólsins. Einnig var kannað hvernig aðilar samningsins hafa útfært og túlkað samninginn enn frekar, sérstaklega þar sem að síðustu misseri hefur þurft að reyna á samninginn vegna útgáfu sérleyfanna. Eftir ítarlega greiningu kom í ljós að slíkt fyrirkomulag er ekki sérstaklega krafist af þjóðarétti, heldur er það eitt af nokkrum mögulegum lögfræðilegum fyrirkomulögum. Hins vegar er skylda fyrir ríki til að ganga til samstarfs og fá fram friðsamlegar úrlausnar deilumála samkvæmt sáttmála Sameinuðu Þjóðanna. -
Icelandic Folklore
i ICELANDIC FOLKLORE AND THE CULTURAL MEMORY OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE ii BORDERLINES approaches,Borderlines methodologies,welcomes monographs or theories and from edited the socialcollections sciences, that, health while studies, firmly androoted the in late antique, medieval, and early modern periods, are “edgy” and may introduce sciences. Typically, volumes are theoretically aware whilst introducing novel approaches to topics of key interest to scholars of the pre-modern past. iii ICELANDIC FOLKLORE AND THE CULTURAL MEMORY OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE by ERIC SHANE BRYAN iv We have all forgotten our names. — G. K. Chesterton Commons licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. This work is licensed under Creative British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. © 2021, Arc Humanities Press, Leeds The author asserts their moral right to be identi�ied as the author of this work. Permission to use brief excerpts from this work in scholarly and educational works is hereby granted determinedprovided that to thebe “fair source use” is under acknowledged. Section 107 Any of theuse U.S.of material Copyright in Act this September work that 2010 is an Page exception 2 or that or limitation covered by Article 5 of the European Union’s Copyright Directive (2001/ 29/ EC) or would be 94– 553) does not require the Publisher’s permission. satis�ies the conditions speci�ied in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. ISBN (HB): 9781641893756 ISBN (PB): 9781641894654 eISBN (PDF): 9781641893763 www.arc- humanities.org print-on-demand technology. -
Cultural Diplomacy the Icelandic Way
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Cultural Diplomacy The Icelandic Way The current state of Iceland’s cultural diplomacy practices Master Thesis in Cultural Management Student: Bergþóra Laxdal Advisor: Dr. Gregory Payne Fall – 2016 ABSTRACT This 30 ECT credit MA thesis is a case study that discusses the role of the Government of Iceland and the creative centers in Iceland when publicly funding cultural projects that take place internationally. The objective is to examine the current state of how the Government of Iceland conducts its cultural diplomacy practices. In examining the Government practices on this topic, the following three questions are pursued; is there an informal cultural diplomacy policy in place; what principles drive that policy and what strategic approach is in place to fulfill the policy? The participants were selected due to their expertise in the cultural affairs of Iceland, and were divided into two groups. The first group, the Expert Committee on Art and Culture Expert Committee on Art and Culture headed by Promote Iceland, was selected to identify the Government agencies from which the creative centers receive their public funding and to gain insight into how projects that receive public funding are selected to represent Iceland abroad. This group delivered their answers in a written open ended questionnaire. The second group, Government cultural representatives with responsibilities in distributing public funding, was selected to get an overview of how the distribution of funds takes place and delivered their answers through an interview. The results were analyzed according to theories about policy and policy streams and strategy processes. The results support the view of an informal cultural policy being in place. -
The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland
Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland This booklet was originally published in 1976 under the title "Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmann Islands, Iceland." The revised second edition was published in 1983. This PDF file is a recreation of the 1983 booklet. Cover photograph: View looking southeast along streets covered by tephra (volcanic ash) in Vestmannaeyjar: Eldfell volcano (in background) is erupting and fountaining lava. View of Heimaey before the eruption: Town of Vestmannaeyjar with Helgafell in the right back- ground (photo courtesy of Sólarfilma). Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland by Richard S. Williams, Jr., and James G. Moore Preface The U.S. Geological Survey carries out scientific studies in the geological, hydrological, and cartographic sciences generally within the 50 States and its territories or trusteeships, but also in cooperation with scientific organizations in many foreign countries for the investigation of unusual earth sciences phenome- na throughout the world. In 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey had 57 active sci- entific exchange agreements with 24 foreign countries, and 47 scientific exchange agreements were pending with 30 foreign countries. The following material discusses the impact of the 1973 volcanic eruption of Eldfell on the fishing port of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland. Before the eruption was over, approximately one-third of the town of Vestmannaeyjar had been obliterated, but, more importantly, the potential damage probably was reduced by the spraying of seawater onto the advancing lava flows, causing them to be slowed, stopped, or diverted from the undamaged portion of the town. -
Icelandic Street Art. an Analysis of the Formation and Development. Dissertation Zur Erlangung Des Grades Eines Doktors Der Phil
Icelandic street art. An analysis of the formation and development. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden vorgelegt von Joanna Zofia Rose geb. am 29.06.1985 in Wroclaw Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Bruno Klein Institut für Kunst- und Musikwissenschaft der TU Dresden Verteidigung am 14.07.2020 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Bruno Klein 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ilaria Hoppe Table of contents PART I ......................................................................................................................... 5 Theory .......................................................................................................................... 5 1. Methodology and research goals ............................................................................................... 6 1.1 Subject matter and research tools ....................................................................................... 6 1.2 Historical background reasoning the topic choice ............................................................. 10 1.3 Development of history of art as a discipline reasoning the topic choice ......................... 12 1.4 Information sources used in research, collection methods and value assessment ........... 14 1.5 Specifics of Iceland ............................................................................................................. 18 2. Fluctuating scope of the area of interest ................................................................................