MVA) and the International Space University (ISU), and Was Held at the Permanent Campus of the ISU
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Estimation of Lunar Surface Dielectric Constant Using Minirf SAR Data
Estimation of lunar surface dielectric constant using MiniRF SAR data Nidhi Verma, Student Member, IEEE, Pooja Mishra, Member, IEEE, Neetesh Purohit, Member IEEE Abstract—A new model has been developed to estimate dielec- 12), 14163 (Apollo 14), 66041 (Apollo 16) are regolith sam- tric constant () of the lunar surface using Synthetic Aperture ples [15], [16]. Dielectric results from laboratory experiments Radar (SAR) data. Continuous investigation on the dielectric revealed the nature of lunar regolith. Another method in 1998 constant of the lunar surface is a high priority task due to future lunar mission’s goals and possible exploration of human outposts. was given by Chyba et al. in terms of energy loss during For this purpose, derived anisotropy and backscattering coeffi- propagation in an absorbing medium [17]. Alan et al. [10] cients of SAR images are used. The SAR images are obtained and Pollack et al. [16] analyzed the relationship between the from Miniature Radio Frequency (MiniRF) radar onboard Lunar dielectric constant and density of large regions using radar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). These images are available in echoes. Campbell gave the formula for estimation of dielectric the form of Stokes parameters, which are used to derive the co- herency matrix. Derived coherency matrix is further represented constant in terms of radar backscattering coefficients. Avik et in terms of particle anisotropy. This coherency matrix’s elements al. [8] gave another method of dielectric constant estimation. compared with Cloud’s coherency matrix, which results in the Hagfor’s observations show a dielectric constant of 2.7 for the new relationship between particle anisotropy and coherency less dense upper regolith [18]. -
Spring 2018 Undergraduate Law Journal
SPRING 2018 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL The Final Frontier: Evolution of Space Law in a Global Society By: Garett Faulkender and Stephan Schneider Introduction “Space: the final frontier!” These are the famous introductory words spoken by William Shatner on every episode of Star Trek. This science-fiction TV show has gained a cult-following with its premise as a futuristic Space odyssey. Originally released in 1966, many saw the portrayed future filled with Space-travel, inter-planetary commerce and politics, and futuristic technology as merely a dream. However, today we are starting to explore this frontier. “We are entering an exciting era in [S]pace where we expect more advances in the next few decades than throughout human history.”1 Bank of America/Merrill Lynch has predicted that the Space industry will grow to over $2.7 trillion over the next three decades. Its report said, “a new raft of drivers is pushing the ‘Space Age 2.0’”.2 Indeed, this market has seen start-up investments in the range of $16 billion,3 helping fund impressive new companies like Virgin Galactic and SpaceX. There is certainly a market as Virgin Galactic says more than 600 customers have registered for a $250,000 suborbital trip, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Katy Perry, Ashton Kutcher, and physicist Stephen Hawking.4 Although Space-tourism is the exciting face of a future in Space, the Space industry has far more to offer. According to the Satellite Industries 1 Michael Sheetz, The Space Industry Will Be Worth Nearly $3 Trillion in 30 Years, Bank of America Predicts, CNBC, (last updated Oct. -
INTERNATIONAL Call for Papers & Registration of Interest
ORGANIZED BY: HOSTED BY: st 71 INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL CONGRESS 12–16 October 2020 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates Call for Papers & Registration of Interest Second Announcement SUPPORTED BY: Inspire, Innovate & Discover for the Benefit of Humankind IAC2020.ORG Contents 1. Message from the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) 2 2. Message from the Local Organizing Committee 2 3. Message from the IPC Co-Chairs 3 4. Messages from the Partner Organizations 4 5. International Astronautical Federation (IAF) 5 6. International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) 10 7. International Institute of Space Law (IISL) 11 8. Message from the IAF Vice President for Technical Activities 12 9. IAC 2020 Technical Sessions Deadlines Calendar 49 10. Preliminary IAC 2020 at a Glance 50 11. Instructions to Authors 51 Connecting @ll Space People 12. Space in the United Arab Emirates 52 www.iafastro.org IAF Alliance Programme Partners 2019 1 71st IAC International Astronautical Congress 12–16 October 2020, Dubai 1. Message from the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) 3. Message from the International Programme Committee (IPC) Greetings! Co-Chairs It is our great pleasure to invite you to the 71st International Astronautical Congress (IAC) to take place in Dubai, United Arab Emirates On behalf of the International Programme Committee, it is a great pleasure to invite you to submit an abstract for the 71st International from 12 – 16 October 2020. Astronautical Congress IAC 2020 that will be held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The IAC is an initiative to bring scientists, practitioners, engineers and leaders of space industry and agencies together in a single platform to discuss recent research breakthroughs, technical For the very first time, the IAC will open its doors to the global space community in the United Arab Emirates, the first Arab country to advances, existing opportunities and emerging space technologies. -
For Immediate Release: TWO GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE
Media Contact: Kyoko Yonezawa [email protected] For Immediate Release: TWO GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE TEAMS ANNOUNCE RIDESHARE PARTNERSHIP FOR MISSION TO THE MOON IN 2016 Team HAKUTO (Japan) and Team Astrobotic (U.S.) Plan Cooperative Launch in Pursuit of $30 Million Prize to Land a Private Spacecraft on the Lunar Surface TOKYO, Japan (February 24, 2015) – HAKUTO, the only Japanese team competing for the $30 million Google Lunar XPRIZE, has announced a contract with fellow competitor, Astrobotic, based in Pittsburgh, Pa., to carry a pair of rovers to the moon. Astrobotic plans to launch its Google Lunar XPRIZE mission on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla., during the second half of 2016. HAKUTO’s twin rovers, Moonraker and Tetris, will piggyback on Astrobotic's Griffin lander to reach the lunar surface. Upon touchdown, the rovers will be released simultaneously with Astrobotic’s Andy rover, developed by Carnegie Mellon University, travel 500 meters on the moon’s surface and send high-definition images and video back to Earth, all in pursuit of the $20M Google Lunar XPRIZE Grand Prize. Last month, both teams were awarded Google Lunar XPRIZE Milestone Prizes: HAKUTO won $500,000 for technological advancements in the Mobility category, while Astrobotic, in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, won a total of $1.75M for innovations in all three focus areas—Landing, Mobility and Imaging. Throughout the judging process, all three rovers, Moonraker, Tetris and Andy, demonstrated the ability to move 500 meters across the lunar surface and withstand the high radiation environment and extreme temperatures on the moon. -
Cooperative and Robotic Space Systems (6)
IAC CyberSpace Edition 2020 Paper ID: 61298 oral IAF SPACE SYSTEMS SYMPOSIUM (D1) Cooperative and Robotic Space Systems (6) Author: Mr. Rod Mamin Spacebit Global Ltd, United Kingdom, [email protected] Mr. Charles Lauer Rocketplane Global, Inc., United States, [email protected] Mr. Pavlo Tanasyuk Spacebit Global Ltd, United Kingdom, [email protected] SMALL ROBOTIC SWARM TECHNOLOGIES FOR LUNAR SURFACE EXPLORATION Abstract Spacebit Global is now completing development of its first robotic surface exploration rover scheduled to land on the Moon in the fall of 2021 on the Astrobotic Peregrine lander for their NASA CLPS first mission. The Asagumo rover will deploy from the Peregrine lander and move at least 10 meters from the lander using its unique leg system of locomotion under tele-operation control through the WIFI system resources on the lander. This technology demonstration mission will last for up to 8 days on the lunar surface, and validate the key systems including the legs, the wide field cameras and the 3D LIDAR scanners as well as the ability to tele-operate the rover. The ultimate goal of Spacebit is to use a swarm of Asagumo walking rovers deployed from a wheeled Mother Ship rover to climb down into the surface opening of a lunar lava tube and map the interior of the cave system using its HD cameras and 3D LIDAR surface scanners and temperature and radiation sensors. The swarm rovers and the Mother Ship carrier can also be used for surface assays of mineral and water deposits in lunar craters. For lunar surface mineral assay missions, sensors can be embedded into the feet or the ventral surface of the rover bodies. -
Spacecraft Deliberately Crashed on the Lunar Surface
A Summary of Human History on the Moon Only One of These Footprints is Protected The narrative of human history on the Moon represents the dawn of our evolution into a spacefaring species. The landing sites - hard, soft and crewed - are the ultimate example of universal human heritage; a true memorial to human ingenuity and accomplishment. They mark humankind’s greatest technological achievements, and they are the first archaeological sites with human activity that are not on Earth. We believe our cultural heritage in outer space, including our first Moonprints, deserves to be protected the same way we protect our first bipedal footsteps in Laetoli, Tanzania. Credit: John Reader/Science Photo Library Luna 2 is the first human-made object to impact our Moon. 2 September 1959: First Human Object Impacts the Moon On 12 September 1959, a rocket launched from Earth carrying a 390 kg spacecraft headed to the Moon. Luna 2 flew through space for more than 30 hours before releasing a bright orange cloud of sodium gas which both allowed scientists to track the spacecraft and provided data on the behavior of gas in space. On 14 September 1959, Luna 2 crash-landed on the Moon, as did part of the rocket that carried the spacecraft there. These were the first items humans placed on an extraterrestrial surface. Ever. Luna 2 carried a sphere, like the one pictured here, covered with medallions stamped with the emblem of the Soviet Union and the year. When Luna 2 impacted the Moon, the sphere was ejected and the medallions were scattered across the lunar Credit: Patrick Pelletier surface where they remain, undisturbed, to this day. -
Astrobotic: Commercial Service for Lunar Resource Payload Delivery
Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (2015) 2066.pdf ASTROBOTIC: COMMERCIAL SERVICE FOR LUNAR RESOURCE PAYLOAD DELIVERY. J. Thornton1, S. Huber2, K. Peterson3, D. Hendrickson4, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Astrobotic Technology, Inc. (2515 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222). ing resource instruments on mul- Introduction: This paper describes how Astrobot- ti-customer missions to the Moon, ic’s commercial lunar delivery service is enabling ac- resource development investiga- cess to the Moon for activities such as lunar resource tions can be launched and iterated development payloads. Topics addressed here include at multiple sites on the lunar sur- current impediments to lunar resource development, face. Small instruments can be commercial approaches to delivering resource devel- sent to numerous destinations, on opment payloads to the Moon, and traction already many small rovers. This ap- seen with the commercial market for payload delivery. proach allows resource payloads Impediments to Lunar Resource Development: Figure 1: Astro- to fly without complicated and The prospect of utilizing lunar resources for future botic’s lunar tenuous bilateral space agency space exploration is promising, and could reduce the payload delivery partnerships. Multi-user commer- cost of missions beyond Earth orbit by a factor of four. model is an end- cial missions can also provide [1] Realizing these savings however, requires first the to-end commer- important precursor feasibility determination of lunar resource availability, and the cial delivery ser- assessments of resource develop- demonstration of resource extraction, refinement, and vice ideal for ment without a major financial utilization. The prior high-cost of robotic missions to lunar resource- commitment by one or more the Moon has placed an extraordinary barrier to these focused pay- space agencies. -
Production Notes
Production Notes ABOUT THE FILM Timed to the 50th anniversary of NASA’s celebrated Apollo 11 mission, Apollo 11: First Steps Edition is a thrilling cinematic experience that showcases the real-life moments of humankind’s first steps on the Moon. In this special giant screen edition of Todd Douglas Miller’s (Dinosaur 13) critically acclaimed Apollo 11 documentary, the filmmakers reconstruct the exhilarating final moments of preparation, liftoff, landing, and return of this historic mission—one of humanity’s greatest achievements, and the first to put humans on the Moon. It seems impossible, but this project was possible because of the discovery of a trove of never-before-seen 70mm footage and uncatalogued audio recordings—which allowed the filmmakers to create a 47-minute version of the film tailored exclusively for IMAX® and giant screen theaters in science centers and museums. Apollo 11: First Steps Edition is produced by Statement Pictures in partnership with CNN Films. The film is presented by Land Rover, and distributed by MacGillivray Freeman Films. “The Apollo 11 mission was humanity’s greatest adventure and we’re pleased to be bringing this edition to science centers and museums everywhere,” says director Todd Douglas Miller. “This film was designed to take full advantage of the immersive quality of IMAX and giant screen theaters.” But how did it happen? How did this one-in-a-lifetime batch of footage remain undiscovered for fifty years? Miller explains that as his team was working closely with NASA and the National Archives (NARA) to locate all known Apollo 11 footage, NARA staff members simply discovered reels upon reels of 70mm, large-format Apollo footage. -
Lunar COTS: Using the Moon’S Resources to Enable an Economical and Sustainable Pathway to Mars and Beyond
Lunar COTS: Using the Moon’s Resources to Enable An Economical and Sustainable Pathway to Mars and Beyond Dr. Allison Zuniga, Dr. Dan Rasky, Bruce PiGman NASA Ames Research Center LEAG MeeIng, Nov. 1, 2016 1 Background • President Obama’s 2010 Naonal SPace Policy set the following goal for NASA: – By the mid-2030’s, send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. • As a result, NASA has established its Journey to Mars and Evolvable Mars CamPaign (EMC) to: - InvesIgate architectures to further define capabiliIes needed for a sustainable human presence on the surface of Mars. - Proving Ground Objecve: Understand the nature and distribuIon of volales and extracIon techniques and decide on their potenal use in future human exploraon architecture. • Under the EMC, NASA has also develoPed a Pioneering SPace Strategy with the following principles: - Opportuni)es for U.S. commercial business to further enhance the exPerience and business base; - Near-term mission oPPortuniIes with a cadence of human and roboIc missions Providing for an incremental buildup of capabilies; - SubstanIal new interna)onal and commercial partnerships, leveraging the current ISS PartnershiPs while building new cooPerave ventures. 2 Moon as a “Stepping Stone” to Mars • ProsPect and extract lunar resources to assess the From the Moon value proposion to NASA and our Partners. – Lunar resources may prove beneficial for inclusion in future Mars architectures, e.g., lunar-derived propellant • Apply the proven COTS model to develoP low-cost commercial capabiliIes and services, such as: – Lunar Landers and Rovers – Resource Prospecng Techniques – Lunar Mining and ISRU capabiliBes – Lunar Relay CommunicaBon Satellites – Power StaBons • Use campaigns of missions, instead of single missions, in a 3-Phase apProach to incrementally develoP capabiliIes and lower risks. -
ICEPS Compact All-Purpose USB 2.0 Based Small Satellite Sytem Core
2nd IAA Latin American Symposium on Small Satellites: Advanced Technologies and Distributed Systems Copyright ©2019 by Ecuadorian Space Agency. All rights reserved ICEPS: Compact, all-purpose, USB 2.0 based small satellite system core Cdr. Ronnie Nader (M3) (1), Mr. Jules Nader Drouet (2), Mr. Gerard Nader Drouet (3) (1) Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA) EXALab-A, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Mail: [email protected] (2) Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA) EXALab-A, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Mail: [email protected] (3) Ecuadorian Civilian Space Agency (EXA) EXALab-B, Guayaquil, Ecuador, Mail: [email protected] 2nd IAA Latin American Symposium on Small Satellites: Advanced Technologies and Distributed Systems November 11 - 16, 2019 Buenos Aires, Argentina Abstract ICEPS (Irvine-Class Electrical Power Supply) is the system core that EXA designed for the 1U IRVINE-03 satellite, currently in construction and in the late stages of development for the Irvine Cubesat STEM Program under a 12-year plan to provide satellite parts. It was designed based on Ecuador’s first satellite NEE-01 PEGASUS’s PCEPS launched in 2013, and its newer counterpart has modernized capabilities including an EPIQ Z2 Sidekick OBC (On-Board Computer) running Linux IIOS, 2 SDRs (Software Defined Radio) with a frequency range from 70 MHz to 6 GHz being able to adapt to any communications network or application, 512GB of storage, 50 W power delivery up to 100W peak power for 2.5 seconds and able to operate in temperatures between -50 C and +125 C. It has an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) with a 6-axis Motion Tracking Device for ADCS precise operations, includes 4 UMPPT channels, each one with 16 V @ 2 A and with a total of 20 internal sensors for data collection and system monitoring purposes. -
Page 1 PRESS RELEASE MVA 2018 November 5, 2018 Two Moons Are
PRESS RELEASE MVA 2018 November 5, 2018 Two Moons Are Better than One. The Moon Village Association and For All Moonkind Announce Partnership. P R E S S I N F Los Angeles, USA - (November 5, 2018) – The Moon Village Association and For All O Moonkind have announced a new agreement to enhance and expand cooperative efforts to explore and utilize outer space and establish a human community on the R Moon. M The goal of the Moon Village Association is to foster international cooperation for existing A or planned international Moon exploration programs, be they public or private, and to T promote international discussions and formulations of plans to foster the implementation of a Moon village. For All Moonkind is the only organization in the world committed to I assuring that universal human heritage in outer space is preserved and protected, and to O encouraging international cooperation in this regard to underpin all future human space exploration. N The two nonprofit organization entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”), signed on November 4 by Michelle Hanlon, co-founder of For All Moonkind and Giuseppe P Reibaldi, Moon Village Association President, by which they agree to work in concert to achieve their common goals. R E The MOU sets out general principles of mutual cooperation. Recognizing the vital need to increase outreach and awareness raising activities, the two organization have committed S specifically to work together to develop and distribute publications directed to school-age S children. The materials will cover all aspects of the Moon from robotics and resource utilization to cultural matters including Moon myths, art and entertainment on the Moon, to concepts of daily habitation in the harsh Moon environment. -
2016 SRR / PTMSS Final Program
SEVENTH JOINT MEETING of the SPACE RESOURCES ROUNDTABLE and the PLANETARY & TERRESTRIAL MINING SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado, USA June 7-9, 2016 SPACE RESOURCES ROUNDTABLE Message Welcome to the Seventh Joint Meeting of the Space Resources Roundtable (SRR) and the Planetary and Terrestrial Mining Sciences Symposium (PTMSS). This is undoubtedly an exciting time for the space resources community. Not since NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) initiative in 2004, has so much attention being placed on this area. However, this time is markedly different. In contrast to the VSE, interest is coming from a variety of participants with a wider set of objectives. New studies and projects incorporating ISRU technologies are being conducted for missions to the Moon, Mars, and asteroids by space agencies around the world and the commercial space sector, while legislation has been passed for commercial space-resource exploration and utilization. Even the release of a popular movie last year highlighted the critical role of space resources in human exploration and generated much excitement in the general public around this topic. It is now sufficiently clear that the use of space resources is a critical-path activity for the exploration and commercialization of space. This increased attention brings many unique opportunities, but also a call for greater involvement from our community. Given the realities of limited financial resources and shifting priorities in space programs worldwide, our expertise is needed to provide the necessary scientific, technical, legal, and policy guidance to move our field from the movie screen to a real component of space exploration.