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Genus Ophioglossum L., from Western Part of India with Special Reference to Gujarat State

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Genus Ophioglossum L., from Western Part of India with Special Reference to Gujarat State Available online: www.notulaebiologicae.ro Print ISSN 2067-3205; Electronic 2067-3264 AcademicPres Not Sci Biol, 2018, 10(3):373-378. DOI: 10.15835/nsb10310243 Notulae Scientia Biologicae Original Article Genus Ophioglossum L., from Western Part of India with Special Reference to Gujarat State Ronak N. KACHHIYAPATEL 1, Sachin M. PATIL 1, Suresh K. PATEL 2, Kishore S. RAJPUT 1* 1The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Vadodara - 390002, India; [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] (*corresponding author) 2Government Science College Idar, Department of Botany, Dist. Banaskantha, Gujarat, India; [email protected] Abstract The genus Ophioglossum L. is revised for the Gujarat state and there were reported eight species viz. Ophioglossum costatum R. Br., O. gramineum Willd., O. gujaratense SM Patil, RN Kachhiyapatel, R Patel and KS Rajput, O. lusitanicum L., O. reticulatum L., O. parvifolium Grev. & Hook., O. nudicaule L. f. and O. thermale Kom., from different parts of the state. Amongst these, Ophioglossum thermale Kom. and O. lusitanicum L. were collected for the first time from Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary and this result is documented as a new distributional record for Gujarat state. Keywords: eusporangiate; Gujarat state; Jambughoda wildlife sanctuary; pteridophytes Introduction of Ophioglossum , Ophioglossum gujaratense from Gujarat. During the study of genus Ophioglossum from different Ophioglossum L. is a cosmopolitan genus of regions including forest areas of Gujarat authors have eusporangiate family Ophioglossaceae, which is mainly collected an interesting population of Ophioglossum L. from distributed in tropical and subtropics region of the world. Jambughoda wild life sanctuary and its adjoining areas About 45 species are reported from different region of the which is identified as Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. and O. world, of which 13 species are reported from India (Patil thermale Kom. Therefore, both the species stand as new and Dongare, 2014; Fraser-Jenkins et al ., 2017). Among distribution records for Gujarat state. these species, Ophioglossum eliminatum Khand. and Goswami and O. indicum B. L. Yadav and Goswami are Materials and Methods endemic to India (Khandelwal and Goswami, 1984; Yadav and Goswami, 2010). Pteridophyte diversity includ ing the Field studies were carried out regularly to different taxonomy of genus Ophioglossum L., from Gujarat is poorly regions of the state including forest areas to collect the studied. About six species viz. Ophioglossum costatum R. Br., species of Ophioglossum L. The collected plant materials O. fibrosum O. gramineum O. ( Schumach.), Willd., were processed under laboratory for the preparation of nudicaule L.f., O. reticulatum L., O. valgatum L. and O. herbarium specimens. The specimens were identified with nudicaule var. macrorrhizum (Kunze) R.T. Clausen were the help of relevant literature (Panigrahi and Dixit, 1969; reported by Phatak et al . (1953), Chavan and Mehta Manickam and Irudayaraj, 1992; Patil, 2014; Fraser-Jenkins (1956), Inamdar and Shah (1967), Panighrahi and Dixit et al ., 2017). Voucher specimens were deposited in BARO (1969), Inamdar (1970) and Dixit (1984) and one herbarium of the Department of Botany, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara (Gujarat). unidentified species (most probably Ophioglossum costatum because its wide occurrence in Gujarat . However, recently Kachhiyapatel et al . (2015) and Rajput et al . (2016a, b) Results revised the pteridophytes flora of Gujarat state and confirmed 05 species viz. Ophioglossum costatum R. Br., O. About eight species viz. Ophioglossum costatum R. Br., O. gramineum Willd., O. nudicaule L. f., O. parvifolium Grev. gramineum Willd., O. gujaratense SM Patil, RN & Hook. and O. reticulatum L., for state (excluding dubious Kachhiyapatel, R Patel and KS Rajput, O. lusitanicum L., O. species). Recently, Patil et al. (2018) published a new species reticulatum L., O. parvifolium Grev. & Hook., O. nudicaule Received: 11 Feb 2018. Received in revised form: 21 Jun 2018. Accepted: 23 Aug 2018. Published online: 27 Sep 2018. Kachhiyapatel RN et al / Not Sci Biol, 2018, 10(3):373-38 374 L. f. and O. thermale Kom. were collected from different Ecology : Very common, collected from grassy plateau. regions of Gujarat State. Amongst these, O. lusitanicum L., The population of the plants varies according to the water and O. thermale Kom. were reported as new distributional content of the soils. Conservation status Ophioglossum costatum record for Gujarat state. All these species are growing : R. Br. is luxuriantly with more than 200 -300 individuals per locality. collected from throughout Gujarat state. A population of Along with key to species of Gujarat state, detailed about 300-400 individuals per km 2 were found and the area description, distribution, ecology and conservation of each of occupancy (AOO) is 100-200 km 2. Therefore, as per species is given herewith for its easy identification. IUCN categories and criteria (IUCN ver. 2017-1), it is assessed as least concerned (LR) species for Gujarat state. Specimen examined : INDIA-TAMIL NADU, Key to species of Ophioglossum from Gujarat 1a. Sheathing leaf base present ………… O. gujaratense Tirunelveli, way to Thulukkamparair, alt. 300 m, 1b. Sheathing leaf base absent …………………………… 2 06/09/1969, B. V. Shetty (MH62410); Tiruchirappalli, 2a. Rhizomorph globose..…………..………….… O. costatum Narthamalai, alt. 333 m, 12/09/1958, K. Sulenamanyaml 2b.Rhizomorph globose-subglobose ……………....….... 3 (MH17577); KERALA–Idukki Dt., Pindimedu 3a. Trophophylls linear-lanceolate ……………..……...… 4 Pooyamkutty, Bhargavan (MH87404). 3b. Trophophylls not linear-lanceolate ……………...…… 5 4a. Trophophylls stalked, grass like ….…. O. gramineum Ophioglossum gramineum Willd. Nov. Act. Acad. Erfurt. 4b. Trophophylls neither stalked, nor grass like … O. 2: 18. t. f. 1 (1802); Beddome, Handb. Suppl. Ferns Brit. lusitanicum India 108. 1892; Balakrishnan et al ., Bull. Bot. S urv. India 2: 5a. Trophophylls more than 2 per rhizomorph …… 6 337 (1960); Panigrahi & Dixit, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India O. 35: 250 (1969); Patil and Dongare, Indian Fern Journal 5b. Trophophyll only one per rhizomorph ……............. 31:17-24. 2014.(Fig. 1 B, F) reticulatum Type : West Africa, St. Thomae, De Friedland B. O. 6a. Common stalk strictly subterranean ……... parvifolium Ophioglossum clietrichiae Prantl, Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 1: 6b. Common stalk present subterranean-above the 352 (1883) ground … 7 Plants are terrestrial herbs, 2 - 4 cm long; rhizomorph 7a. Trophophylls elliptic-ovate or oblong ………… O. subglobose-tuberous, subterranean, with fleshy roots; nudicaule common stalk terranean, white-green; trophophylls 1-2, linear 7b. Trophophylls elliptic-lanceolate ……. O. thermal grass-like, apex acuminate, margin entire; veins anastomosing, forming parallel areoles; fertile segment pale Ophioglossum costatum R. Br., Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 163. green, flat-round, arising from the base of the sterile blade; 1810. Panigrahi and Dixit, Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India 35: strobili 5-8 pairs of sporangia, arranged in two alternate 249. 1969; Patil and Dongare, Indian Fern J., 31: 17-24. spores 2014. (Fig. 1 A,E) rows, pale green-yellow; 25-40 µm diam , trilete, exine reticulate. Type : Australia, Queensland, Arnhem North Bay, Distribution : World – India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brown 118. Myanmar, Philippense, East Borneo, East Java, New Ophioglossum pedunculosum Desv., Mag. Nat. Fr. Berlin Guinea, Vietnam, Africa and Sri Lanka. 5: 306. 1811. India: Throughout Ophioglossum brevipe Bedd., Ferns. Southern India 23. t. Gujarat : Throughout 72. 1863 . Phenology : sterile phase -June-August; fertile phase : July Plants have more than 10 cm, pale-green, terres trial, (end)-September (rarely in October) herb; rhizomorph disc like or globose, bearing numerous Ecology : Common fern collected from grassy plateaus yellow-brown, fleshy, without stoloniferous roots; common associated with O. nudicaule, O. petiolatum and O. costatum . stalk 2-3 cm, base white, apex pale green; trophophylls 1-4 Conservation status : Ophioglossum gramineum Willd. is - simple, erect, elliptic-lanceolate, ovate round or spathulate, collected from open grassland habitats situated in Gujarat apex acute-apiculate or obtuse-round, base cuneate-cordate, state. A population of about more than 2,000 individuals margin entire, thick fleshy, green when fresh, glabrous on was found. The area of occupancy (AOO) is 200 -300 km 2. fertile segment both sides, coriaceous, midrib prominent; Therefore, as per IUCN categories and criteria (IUCN ver. grooved, unbranched, inserted on adaxial position of leaf; 2017-1), it is assessed as least concerned (LR) species for strobili 20-35 sporangia in two alternate rows, pale yellow, Gujarat state. unbranched (rarely branched); spores 20-40 µm in diameter, Specimen examined : INDIA – MAHARASHTRA: trilete, feveolate . Kolhapur Dt., Shivaji University, campus, alt. 700 m., Patil Distribution : World: India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, S. S. (SUK); KARNATAKA: Belgaum Dt., Adi, alt. 800 m, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka , Thailand, Africa and Mahamuni R. J. (SUK); ANDHRA PRADESH: Australia . Karimnagar Dt., Aklaspur, Subbarao (MH20238). India: Throughout Gujarat : Throughout Gujarat state Ophioglossum gujaratense SM Patil, RN Kachhiyapatel, Phenology : sterile phase -June-August; fertile phase : July R Patel, KS Rajput, Phytotaxa 351(4):273-280 (Fig. 1K, O). (end)-September
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