Alvis Saladin
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Alvis Saladin The FV601 Saladin is a six-wheeled armoured car developed by Alvis Saladin Crossley Motors[1] and later manufactured by Alvis. Designed in 1954, it replaced the AEC Armoured Car in service with the British Army from 1958 onward. The vehicle weighed 11 tonnes, offered a top speed of 72 km/h, and had a crew of three.[1] Saladins were noted for their excellent performance in desert conditions, and found favour with a number of Middle Eastern armies accordingly.[3] They were armed with a 76 mm low-pressure rifled (spin-stabilised) gun which fired the same ammunition as that mounted on the FV101 Scorpion.[2] The Saladin also spawned an armoured personnel carrier counterpart, the Alvis Saracen.[2] Alvis Saladin at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford Contents Type Armoured car Place of origin United Kingdom History Development Service history Service Wars Six-Day War British Army Vietnam War Australia Aden Emergency Oman Sri Lanka Biafran War Kuwait Dhofar Rebellion Indonesia Lebanese Civil War Sudan Sri Lankan Civil War West Germany Second Sudanese Civil War Surviving vehicles Production history Operators Designer Crossley Motors Former operators Designed 1954[1] References Manufacturer Alvis External links Produced 1958–1972[2] No. built 1,177 History Specifications Mass 11.6 t Development Length 4.93 m Following the end of the Second World War, the British Army Width 2.54 m issued a requirement for a new, 6×6 wheeled armoured vehicle to Height 2.39 m replace the obsolete AEC Armoured Car.[4] Design work began in Crew 3 1947 and a contract was awarded to Alvis Cars to build two prototypes for trials. The new armoured car was designated Armour up to 32 mm FV601A and armed with an Ordnance QF 2-pounder gun.[4] Alvis Main 76 mm L5A1 gun also proposed a much heavier fire support variant designated armament [4] FV601B armed with a new 76 mm low-pressure gun. Design Secondary 2 × M1919A4 machine guns work on the FV601B was subcontracted to Crossley Motors, which armament engineered and manufactured six pre-production models.[4] After Engine Rolls-Royce B80 Mk.6A, 8 further modifications by Alvis, the FV601C entered mass cyl petrol production in 1958 as the Alvis Saladin. Production of the FV601C 170 hp (127 kW) and its variants continued at the Alvis factory at Coventry until Power/weight 15.5 hp/tonne 1972.[4] Suspension 6x6 wheel A special variant known as the FV601D was developed for law Operational 400 km enforcement agencies and internal security purposes; this model range lacked a co-axial machine gun and had different lights and smoke Speed 72 km/h dischargers.[4] The FV601D was only adopted by the German Federal Bundesgrenzschutz, which designated it Geschützter Sonderwagen III.[5] A Saladin was also offered with the same 30 mm RARDEN autocannon as found on the FV510 Warrior and FV721 Fox, but this model did not find favour with the British military or any export customers.[4] The Federal Republic of Germany was the first country to express an interest in the Saladin, specifically the FV601D.[6] When production began, export customers such as Australia, Indonesia, and Ghana also placed large orders for the vehicle.[6] By the late 1960s, the British Army was beginning to dispose of second-hand Saladins as military aid for various Commonwealth member states.[6] The Saladin performed well on the export market but was not as successful as its primary competitor, the French Panhard AML-90, which was much more heavily armed, and cheaper.[3] The Saladin shared many common components with the Saracen armoured personnel carrier, Stalwart high mobility load carrier and Salamander fire tender. Service British Army The Saladin was used by B Sqn 16/5 Lancers during their defence of Nicosia airport in 1974 and subsequent armed recce operations under the banner of the UN. Australia The Australian Army mounted Saladin turrets on M113A1 APCs to produce the Fire Support Vehicle. A new FSV based on the British FV101 Scorpion Light Tank turret was accepted for service in 1976, the first RAAC AFV fitted with a passive (image intensifying) night sight; this was redesignated the Medium Reconnaissance Vehicle (MRV).[7] Royal Australian Armoured Corps(RAAC) personnel referred to the resulting vehicles as "Beasts". Oman The Saladin was widely used by the Sultan of Oman's armed forces throughout the Omani Civil War, and saw extensive action during the period 1972 to 1976, supporting ground forces and on convoy patrol. Often crewed by British servicemen (loan soldiers) and Omani servicemen, the Sultan's Armoured Car Squadron consisted of an estimated 36 Saladins. They saw extensive action supporting troops from the British SAS, Oman Firqa, Oman regulars, and Iranian forces in their war with the Adoo. The squadron's vehicles were regularly attacked by Katyusha rockets, anti-tank mines, rocket propelled grenades, and light and heavy machine gun fire. Many vehicles were mined and repaired, and after the end of the war in 1976 the Saladin remained in service until the early 1980s. An unpublished account called The Tinned Equivalent was written in 1977, and details many of the events of that war. Sri Lanka The Ceylon Army received several ex-British Army Saladins following the outbreak of the 1971 JVP insurrection and were deployed counter-insurgency operations. These were used extensively by the Sri Lanka Armoured Corps in the 1980's in the early stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War, with its 76 mm gun being effective in countering insurgents. However, the wheeled vehicles had limited cross country capabilities and suffered damage from IEDs and RPGs in urbane areas. In one case, in July 1987 during an insurgent attack on an army encampment in Jaffna, a Saladin was knocked out when an RPG entered through the drivers viewing portal, killing the driver and a sergeant inside.[8] Saladin's remained in reserve status till the end of the war in 2009. It forms the tank crew pin of the Sri Lanka Armoured Corps. Kuwait During the 1990 invasion of Kuwait, Saladins were filmed on the streets of Kuwait City defending Kuwait against Iraqi forces. Indonesia The Indonesian Army (TNI AD) uses the Saladin for "KOSTRAD Cavalry Battalion", "KOSTRAD Recon Company" and Armoured Car Company. In 2014, the Indonesian Army confirmed that it was continuing to deploy the Saladin in active operations.[9] Indonesian Vice President Jusuf Kalla charged state-owned arms manufacturer Pindad with developing a modernization package for the Saladin in early 2016, indicating the armoured car would continue to remain in service for some time.[10] By the end of the year 16 Indonesian Army Saladins had been modernized by Pindad.[11] Sudan The Sudanese Army deployed Saladins during the Second Sudanese Civil War, some being captured by the SPLA.[12] West Germany Nearly 100 Saladins were exported to the Federal Republic of Germany as part of a British assistance programme for the fledgling Bundesgrenzschutz in the mid to late 1950s.[6] In German service they were designated Geschützer Sonderwagen III and utilised for border patrols.[5] All but 25, along with the entire German inventory of spare parts,[13] were later resold to Honduras as part of a $7 million deal negotiated through Honduran defence contractor Gerard Latchinian.[14] Honduran Saladins could be seen in the streets of Tegucigalpa in the 2009 coup against President Manuel Zelaya.[13] Surviving vehicles There is a Saladin on display as a gate guard at Episkopi Garrison, British Sovereign Base, Cyprus. It is dedicated to the memory of L/Cpl Nicholas Stokes, who died in a training accident in October 1992.[15] A decommissioned Lebanese Army Saladin is currently part of the "Hope for Peace" monument in Yarze, Lebanon. There is an FV 601 Saladin in Yad la-Shiryon museum, Latrun. There is an Alvis Saladin at Sri Lanka Armoured Corps Training Centre, Anuradhapura – a gate guard. Several Saladins are parked at a tank garage at The Indonesian Army 4th Cavalry Battalion. There are three surviving Saladins in The Tank Museum, Dorset, England. One, in all over green, is displayed in the tank story exhibition. The second, in all over tan, is in operational condition and used in events. The third, in a tan and green camouflage pattern, is part of the museum's reserve collection and is stored in the vehicle conservation centre. There is a Saladin in the Muckleburgh Collection, Norfolk, England. It can be seen running at various time during the year. There is a Saladin on display at the Kent and Sharpshooters Yeomanry Museum at Hever Castle in Kent. Alvis Saladin spotted at O'Sheas Pub & Grill, Hurst, Texas, 7 April 2013 There is a Saladin at the Dunmore Park base of the B Squadron "North Irish Horse" SNIY Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry, an Army Reserve regiment. There is a Saladin at the Aldershot Army Museum[16] There is also a non-functioning Alvis Saladin displayed outside the Lebanese Army's military outpost in the mountain region of Baabda located between Hammana and Chbaniyeh. An American college sports enthusiasts club in Knoxville, Tennessee, the Alvis Saladin in Tankfest 2012. "Big Orange Army" operates a Saladin painted orange as an advertising device. There is another privately owned and fully operational restored 1959 Saladin AFV in Knoxville Tennessee. It has a live L5A1 76 mm main gun and a coaxial 1919A4 BMG with a Browning M2 Machine Gun top mounted on authentic US Mark 93 mounting hardware and gun shield plate. There is a privately owned Saladin in the Hurst-Euless-Bedford area of Texas. FV 601 Saladin in Yad La-Shiryon There is a Saladin as gate guardian at King Phraya Damrong Rajanupam Museum, Latrun.