Detroit Region

Detroit is a region with no gentrification and staggering levels of poverty concentration and neighborhood abandonment. Nearly 55 percent of the region’s residents live in a strongly declining neighborhood, including 74 percent of low-income residents and 80 percent of black residents. In Detroit proper, 86 percent of all residents live in a strongly declining area.

In the city of Detroit, decline has been so severe that virtually no new poverty concentration is taking place. Instead, huge numbers of former residents are leaving as neighborhoods are abandoned. Declining areas lost 217,000 residents on net since 2000, including 180,000 black residents. Tens of thousands of housing units in these areas have also been converted to vacant units.

In Detroit suburbs, poverty concentration is much more common. Nearly half suburban residents, and 67 percent of low-income suburban residents, live in a strongly declining area. Even while the overall population of these areas has dropped by 110,000, the low-income population has increased by 266,000. Racial transition is also taking place in these suburban neighborhoods, as, on net, 261,000 white residents have departed, and 115,000 black residents have arrived.

Regional Total Population: 4,296,731

Regional Low-Income Population: 1,393,039

Regional Nonwhite Population: 1,414,997

Central City Population: 683,155

Central City Low-Income Population: 432,291

Central City Nonwhite Population: 617,950

NET DISPLACEMENT (Low-Income Change in Tracts with Strong Expansion, 2000-2016)

Central City: No net displacement (+288)

Suburbs: No net displacement (+787)

NET CONCENTRATION (Low-Income Change in Tracts with Strong Decline, 2000-2016)

Central City: 11,301

Suburbs: 265,910

1 DETAILS ON TABLES

The following tables depict aggregated population and housing change in two categories of neighborhoods across the metropolitan area, its central cities, and its suburbs. The categories are:

• Economically expanding neighborhoods, which are those experiencing the kind of population changes associated with growth and displacement. These are neighborhoods where the low-income* share of population has fallen since 2000 (indicating that an area has grown less poor overall) and the absolute number of non-low-income residents has grown since 2000 (indicating that middle-income residents see the area as an attractive place to live). • Economically declining neighborhoods, which are those experiencing the kind of population changes associated with abandonment and poverty concentration. These are neighborhoods where the low- income share of population has grown since 2000 (indicating that an area has more less poor overall) and the absolute number of non-low-income residents has fallen since 2000 (indicating that middle-income residents do not see the area as an attractive place to live).

Two variants of this measure exist, and a separate table is provided for each. They are:

• In the upper set of tables, a strong, narrow measure, which only includes census tracts that have a change of +/-5 percent or greater in low-income population share, and a change of +/-10 percent for non- low-income population. This approach classifies fewer neighborhoods overall, excluding areas with only small changes in their income profile. This is the more robust and preferred measure. It is also the measure used in the accompanying maps. • In the lower set of tables, a weak, broad measure, which includes all census tracts with any change that meet the criteria for the two categories above, with no cutoffs for scale. This approach classifies more neighborhoods overall, but is noisier, because it includes tracts with very small population changes. In addition, because this report relies on American Community Survey sampling data with margins of error, this measure is more likely to include erroneously classified tracts. However, this broad measure can provide a useful outer estimate of the scale of neighborhood economic expansion and decline.

Three sets of tables are provided. They are:

• Figures for the entire metropolitan region, aggregating central cities and suburbs into one set of tables. • Figures for central cities. • Figures for suburban areas, defined as any area in the metropolitan region not included in a central city. This includes incorporated and unincorporated communities.

Each table depicts the number of people in each of the two neighborhood categories, both overall and in various population subsets. It also shows the number of housing units of various types in each neighborhood category.

• 2016 Share indicates what share of the regional, city, or suburban population of a given group live in expanding or declining tracts. The box is shaded in accordance with the size of the share. • 2016 Total indicates the absolute number of individuals in a given group that live in expanding or declining census tracts. • Net Change since 2000 indicates the change of population of a subgroup in expanding or declining tracts since 2000, both in percentage and in absolute terms. These have been colored to indicate the type of change. In economically expanding tracts, green indicates net growth while blue indicates net displacement. In economically declining tracts, red indicates net poverty concentration while purple indicates net abandonment. Darker shades indicate larger percentage changes.

* For the purposes of this report, “low-income” is classified as individuals at 200 percent of poverty line or less.

2 DETAILS ON MAPS

Neighborhood change has also been mapped by individual census tracts, incorporating the same data used to create the tables above.

The map incorporates the strong measure of neighborhood change used to create the tables. In the maps, tracts have been subdivided into four categories:

• Economically expanding areas with low-income displacement, indicated in blue, where a neighborhood’s income profile is improving while low-income population declines on net. These are typically places undergoing changes traditionally associated with gentrification, in which economic pressures push out lower incomes while higher income residents arrive. • Economically expanding areas with overall growth, indicated in green, where a neighborhood’s income profile is improving while low-income population increases on net. These are typically places with significant new housing construction, where residents across the income spectrum are arriving. • Economically declining areas with abandonment, indicated in purple, where a neighborhood’s income profile is worsening while low-income population declines on net. These are typically places experiencing the worst neighborhood economic decline, with people across the income spectrum leaving and outright depopulation occurring. • Economically declining areas with poverty concentration, indicated in red, where a neighborhood’s income profile is worsening while low-income population increases on net. These are typically places where higher-income flight and eroding housing stocks are causing rapid demographic and economic transition, contributing to the impoverishment of the area.

The categories are also shaded to indicate the scale of low-income population change within the census tracts.

The maps allow intra-regional comparisons of observed neighborhood change. However, because these classifications have been made using American Community Survey data with margins of error, precise measures are not possible and it is likely that some individual tracts are erroneously classified. As a consequence, readers are advised to focus more on clusters of tracts undergoing similar changes rather than individual outliers, particularly outliers with smaller-scale changes.

3 TABLES FOR METROPOLITAN AREA - Detroit Region

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Experiencing Strong Economic Expansion Experiencing Strong Economic Decline (Detroit Metro) (Detroit Metro)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 0.9% 37,821 91.4% +18,064 TOTAL 54.8% 2,352,545 -12.2% -327,430 Low-Income 0.4% 5,605 23.7% +1,075 Low-Income 73.5% 1,023,675 37.1% +277,211 Poverty 0.4% 2,748 34.6% +707 Poverty 77.1% 531,859 54.3% +187,267 Extreme Poverty 0.5% 1,535 80.0% +682 Extreme Poverty 77.3% 242,944 45.0% +75,386 American Indian 0.8% 86 59.3% +32 American Indian 65.1% 6,592 -30.7% -2,915 Asian 2.4% 4,001 905.3% +3,603 Asian 36.8% 61,067 19.9% +10,132 Black 0.4% 3,938 47.9% +1,276 Black 79.2% 757,772 -7.7% -63,148 Hispanic 0.7% 1,210 308.8% +914 Hispanic 66.7% 120,364 31.4% +28,729 White 1.0% 27,742 73.6% +11,762 White 46.7% 1,345,553 -18.1% -296,446 College-Educated 1.3% 11,334 289.4% +8,423 College-Educated 38.8% 335,439 10.5% +31,738 Non-College 0.7% 13,620 36.4% +3,638 Non-College 60.2% 1,242,704 -13.2% -189,443 Families 1.0% 5,180 85.3% +2,384 Families 53.9% 274,412 -25.6% -94,571 Families in Poverty 0.4% 370 -5.6% -22 Families in Poverty 80.0% 80,667 46.9% +25,770 Non-Poor Families 1.2% 4,810 100.1% +2,406 Non-Poor Families 47.5% 193,745 -38.3% -120,341 Single Mothers 0.4% 280 -9.7% -30 Single Mothers 80.7% 51,598 35.5% +13,513 Children (Under 18) 1.1% 10,509 87.0% +4,890 Children (Under 18) 55.6% 548,478 -23.2% -165,949 Young Adults (18-34) 0.7% 6,310 36.5% +1,687 Young Adults (18-34) 58.7% 535,811 -15.7% -99,809 Adults (35 to 64) 0.9% 16,649 103.2% +8,457 Adults (35 to 64) 52.9% 933,355 -6.2% -61,501 Seniors (65 and up) 0.7% 4,353 160.2% +2,680 Seniors (65 and up) 53.0% 334,901 0.1% +281 U.S.-Born 0.8% 32,631 72.0% +13,661 U.S.-Born 55.0% 2,141,538 -13.5% -334,505 Foreign-Born 1.3% 5,190 552.0% +4,394 Foreign-Born 52.7% 211,007 3.5% +7,081 Owner Units 0.9% 10,550 98.7% +5,240 Owner Units 50.2% 576,247 -18.9% -134,506 Renter Units 0.5% 2,662 63.8% +1,037 Renter Units 65.7% 344,876 9.2% +29,163 Vacant Units 0.4% 820 110.3% +430 Vacant Units 70.1% 155,125 155.4% +94,394

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods with Any Indicators of Economic Expansion* with Any Indicators of Economic Decline* (Detroit Metro) (Detroit Metro)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 5.5% 235,089 34.3% +60,013 TOTAL 73.6% 3,160,919 -9.9% -346,476 Low-Income 2.1% 28,990 12.3% +3,174 Low-Income 85.7% 1,194,050 36.3% +317,987 Poverty 2.0% 13,484 28.1% +2,959 Poverty 87.7% 605,226 52.4% +208,142 Extreme Poverty 2.0% 6,394 42.7% +1,912 Extreme Poverty 87.5% 275,061 42.4% +81,891 American Indian 4.4% 449 -21.8% -125 American Indian 80.4% 8,138 -32.8% -3,971 Asian 8.2% 13,627 163.5% +8,456 Asian 58.9% 97,868 31.4% +23,393 Black 1.8% 17,709 51.3% +6,003 Black 88.0% 842,532 -6.2% -55,735 Hispanic 4.0% 7,144 116.6% +3,845 Hispanic 81.3% 146,694 34.7% +37,805 White 6.7% 191,767 26.6% +40,300 White 68.9% 1,986,949 -14.9% -347,274 College-Educated 8.8% 76,155 78.1% +33,404 College-Educated 62.9% 543,672 14.5% +68,811 Non-College 4.1% 84,240 13.5% +10,038 Non-College 77.6% 1,600,124 -11.7% -212,280 Families 5.9% 30,170 22.2% +5,482 Families 72.7% 369,913 -23.2% -111,944 Families in Poverty 1.5% 1,532 7.7% +109 Families in Poverty 89.9% 90,645 44.6% +27,961 Non-Poor Families 7.0% 28,638 23.1% +5,373 Non-Poor Families 68.4% 279,268 -33.4% -139,905 Single Mothers 1.6% 1,019 15.5% +137 Single Mothers 90.4% 57,838 34.2% +14,737 Children (Under 18) 5.8% 57,379 22.2% +10,439 Children (Under 18) 73.5% 724,964 -22.1% -205,651 Young Adults (18-34) 4.6% 42,230 16.8% +6,068 Young Adults (18-34) 76.1% 693,935 -13.7% -109,854 Adults (35 to 64) 5.9% 103,684 36.2% +27,537 Adults (35 to 64) 72.4% 1,278,534 -4.6% -61,730 Seniors (65 and up) 5.0% 31,796 94.9% +15,481 Seniors (65 and up) 73.4% 463,486 7.1% +30,886 U.S.-Born 5.4% 212,310 30.4% +49,543 U.S.-Born 73.9% 2,877,604 -11.2% -362,019 Foreign-Born 5.7% 22,779 84.9% +10,462 Foreign-Born 70.8% 283,315 5.8% +15,541 Owner Units 6.1% 70,090 35.7% +18,425 Owner Units 71.4% 819,174 -14.8% -142,370 Renter Units 3.4% 17,922 38.5% +4,985 Renter Units 79.5% 417,513 10.5% +39,725 Vacant Units 2.7% 5,955 19.2% +961 Vacant Units 83.0% 183,720 141.2% +107,566 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

4 TABLES FOR CENTRAL CITY ONLY - Detroit

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Experiencing Strong Economic Expansion Experiencing Strong Economic Decline (Detroit) (Detroit)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 0.3% 2,122 9.9% +192 TOTAL 86.0% 587,196 -27.0% -217,323 Low-Income 0.4% 1,696 20.5% +288 Low-Income 87.9% 380,134 3.1% +11,301 Poverty 0.5% 1,316 52.1% +451 Poverty 87.4% 231,515 18.9% +36,870 Extreme Poverty 0.6% 825 135.0% +474 Extreme Poverty 87.1% 114,102 13.4% +13,517 American Indian 0.0% 0 -100.0% -1 American Indian 70.7% 1,306 -46.4% -1,130 Asian 0.0% 0 -100.0% -2 Asian 81.5% 7,858 -0.3% -25 Black 0.4% 2,029 9.9% +183 Black 86.1% 467,102 -27.7% -178,524 Hispanic 0.0% 5 66.7% +2 Hispanic 92.1% 47,153 9.0% +3,885 White 0.1% 83 16.9% +12 White 80.6% 52,552 -40.0% -35,071 College-Educated 0.2% 120 90.5% +57 College-Educated 75.9% 45,321 -11.1% -5,634 Non-College 0.3% 1,107 23.3% +209 Non-College 86.1% 320,272 -24.8% -105,684 Families 0.3% 260 -10.7% -31 Families 89.2% 69,886 -41.7% -50,025 Families in Poverty 0.5% 181 15.3% +24 Families in Poverty 89.9% 34,977 8.4% +2,712 Non-Poor Families 0.2% 79 -41.0% -55 Non-Poor Families 88.4% 34,909 -60.2% -52,737 Single Mothers 0.5% 153 6.3% +9 Single Mothers 88.9% 25,047 2.7% +651 Children (Under 18) 0.4% 676 -20.7% -176 Children (Under 18) 89.5% 154,187 -38.5% -96,540 Young Adults (18-34) 0.3% 525 7.1% +35 Young Adults (18-34) 83.8% 143,133 -27.7% -54,766 Adults (35 to 64) 0.2% 601 34.5% +154 Adults (35 to 64) 85.6% 217,487 -20.3% -55,257 Seniors (65 and up) 0.4% 320 23.1% +60 Seniors (65 and up) 84.3% 72,389 -12.7% -10,501 U.S.-Born 0.3% 2,108 12.1% +227 U.S.-Born 85.7% 553,371 -27.6% -211,105 Foreign-Born 0.0% 14 -73.1% -38 Foreign-Born 90.2% 33,825 -15.5% -6,212 Owner Units 0.0% 6 -25.0% -2 Owner Units 87.4% 108,224 -33.7% -55,012 Renter Units 0.6% 837 22.4% +153 Renter Units 80.3% 106,786 -10.4% -12,334 Vacant Units 0.1% 110 129.2% +62 Vacant Units 81.6% 88,780 209.3% +60,081

Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods Population Change by Subgroup in Neighborhoods with Any Indicators of Economic Expansion* with Any Indicators of Economic Decline* (Detroit) (Detroit)

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 2.0% 13,443 18.5% +2,095 TOTAL 90.4% 617,830 -27.7% -236,591 Low-Income 1.6% 7,075 30.2% +1,642 Low-Income 91.9% 397,301 0.3% +1,079 Poverty 1.8% 4,761 35.4% +1,246 Poverty 91.7% 242,672 15.2% +31,948 Extreme Poverty 2.0% 2,636 73.1% +1,113 Extreme Poverty 91.3% 119,646 9.7% +10,551 American Indian 2.4% 44 29.4% +10 American Indian 85.4% 1,578 -38.4% -983 Asian 4.5% 436 300.0% +327 Asian 83.3% 8,023 -3.7% -311 Black 1.6% 8,820 2.9% +249 Black 91.1% 494,169 -28.3% -195,509 Hispanic 1.3% 680 2.7% +18 Hispanic 93.1% 47,667 9.1% +3,970 White 5.0% 3,250 87.1% +1,513 White 84.0% 54,773 -40.1% -36,642 College-Educated 5.4% 3,223 131.5% +1,831 College-Educated 81.2% 48,449 -11.2% -6,102 Non-College 1.7% 6,413 0.7% +43 Non-College 90.8% 337,602 -25.1% -112,981 Families 1.1% 901 -9.2% -91 Families 93.2% 73,023 -42.6% -54,272 Families in Poverty 1.2% 465 12.3% +51 Families in Poverty 94.1% 36,604 4.4% +1,550 Non-Poor Families 1.1% 436 -24.6% -142 Non-Poor Families 92.3% 36,419 -60.5% -55,822 Single Mothers 1.5% 415 8.9% +34 Single Mothers 93.8% 26,427 -0.6% -161 Children (Under 18) 1.2% 2,080 -4.8% -104 Children (Under 18) 93.4% 160,960 -39.8% -106,621 Young Adults (18-34) 2.9% 4,925 38.4% +1,367 Young Adults (18-34) 88.3% 150,772 -28.1% -58,996 Adults (35 to 64) 1.8% 4,564 3.3% +147 Adults (35 to 64) 90.3% 229,399 -20.5% -59,160 Seniors (65 and up) 2.2% 1,874 45.0% +582 Seniors (65 and up) 89.3% 76,699 -13.1% -11,583 U.S.-Born 2.0% 12,669 15.9% +1,736 U.S.-Born 90.3% 583,335 -28.2% -229,070 Foreign-Born 2.1% 774 84.3% +354 Foreign-Born 92.0% 34,495 -17.9% -7,514 Owner Units 0.8% 969 287.6% +719 Owner Units 91.9% 113,751 -33.7% -57,778 Renter Units 4.7% 6,241 29.0% +1,403 Renter Units 84.8% 112,825 -11.7% -14,896 Vacant Units 1.4% 1,471 -16.2% -284 Vacant Units 87.3% 95,029 204.3% +63,796 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

5 TABLES FOR REGIONAL SUBURBS - Detroit Region

ECONOMICALLY EXPANDING NEIGHBORHOODS ECONOMICALLY DECLINING NEIGHBORHOODS

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 1.0% 35,699 100.3% +17,872 TOTAL 48.9% 1,765,349 -5.9% -110,107 Low-Income 0.4% 3,909 25.2% +787 Low-Income 67.0% 643,541 70.4% +265,910 Poverty 0.3% 1,432 21.8% +256 Poverty 70.6% 300,344 100.3% +150,397 Extreme Poverty 0.4% 710 41.4% +208 Extreme Poverty 70.2% 128,842 92.4% +61,869 American Indian 1.0% 86 62.3% +33 American Indian 63.9% 5,286 -25.2% -1,785 Asian 2.6% 4,001 910.4% +3,605 Asian 34.0% 53,209 23.6% +10,157 Black 0.5% 1,909 133.9% +1,093 Black 70.0% 290,670 65.8% +115,376 Hispanic 0.9% 1,205 311.3% +912 Hispanic 56.7% 73,211 51.4% +24,844 White 1.0% 27,659 73.9% +11,750 White 45.9% 1,293,001 -16.8% -261,375 College-Educated 1.4% 11,214 293.8% +8,366 College-Educated 36.0% 290,118 14.8% +37,372 Non-College 0.7% 12,513 37.7% +3,429 Non-College 54.5% 922,432 -8.3% -83,759 Families 1.1% 4,920 96.4% +2,415 Families 47.5% 204,526 -17.9% -44,546 Families in Poverty 0.3% 189 -19.6% -46 Families in Poverty 73.8% 45,690 101.9% +23,058 Non-Poor Families 1.3% 4,731 108.4% +2,461 Non-Poor Families 43.1% 158,836 -29.9% -67,604 Single Mothers 0.4% 127 -23.5% -39 Single Mothers 74.2% 26,551 94.0% +12,862 Children (Under 18) 1.2% 9,833 106.3% +5,066 Children (Under 18) 48.4% 394,291 -15.0% -69,409 Young Adults (18-34) 0.8% 5,785 40.0% +1,652 Young Adults (18-34) 53.0% 392,678 -10.3% -45,043 Adults (35 to 64) 1.1% 16,048 107.2% +8,303 Adults (35 to 64) 47.4% 715,868 -0.9% -6,244 Seniors (65 and up) 0.7% 4,033 185.4% +2,620 Seniors (65 and up) 48.1% 262,512 4.3% +10,782 U.S.-Born 0.9% 30,523 78.6% +13,434 U.S.-Born 48.9% 1,588,167 -7.2% -123,400 Foreign-Born 1.4% 5,176 595.7% +4,432 Foreign-Born 48.8% 177,182 8.1% +13,293 Owner Units 1.0% 10,544 98.9% +5,242 Owner Units 45.7% 468,023 -14.5% -79,494 Renter Units 0.5% 1,825 93.9% +884 Renter Units 60.7% 238,090 21.1% +41,497 Vacant Units 0.6% 710 107.6% +368 Vacant Units 59.0% 66,345 107.1% +34,313

2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000 2016 Share 2016 Total Net Change Since 2000

TOTAL 6.1% 221,646 35.4% +57,918 TOTAL 70.4% 2,543,089 -4.1% -109,885 Low-Income 2.3% 21,915 7.5% +1,532 Low-Income 82.9% 796,749 66.0% +316,908 Poverty 2.1% 8,723 24.4% +1,713 Poverty 85.3% 362,554 94.5% +176,194 Extreme Poverty 2.0% 3,758 27.0% +799 Extreme Poverty 84.7% 155,415 84.9% +71,340 American Indian 4.9% 405 -25.0% -135 American Indian 79.3% 6,560 -31.3% -2,988 Asian 8.4% 13,191 160.6% +8,129 Asian 57.4% 89,845 35.8% +23,704 Black 2.1% 8,889 183.5% +5,754 Black 83.9% 348,363 67.0% +139,774 Hispanic 5.0% 6,464 145.1% +3,827 Hispanic 76.6% 99,027 51.9% +33,835 White 6.7% 188,517 25.9% +38,787 White 68.6% 1,932,176 -13.9% -310,632 College-Educated 9.1% 72,932 76.3% +31,573 College-Educated 61.5% 495,223 17.8% +74,913 Non-College 4.6% 77,827 14.7% +9,995 Non-College 74.6% 1,262,522 -7.3% -99,299 Families 6.8% 29,269 23.5% +5,573 Families 68.9% 296,890 -16.3% -57,672 Families in Poverty 1.7% 1,067 5.7% +58 Families in Poverty 87.3% 54,041 95.6% +26,411 Non-Poor Families 7.6% 28,202 24.3% +5,515 Non-Poor Families 65.9% 242,849 -25.7% -84,083 Single Mothers 1.7% 604 20.6% +103 Single Mothers 87.8% 31,411 90.2% +14,898 Children (Under 18) 6.8% 55,299 23.6% +10,543 Children (Under 18) 69.2% 564,004 -14.9% -99,030 Young Adults (18-34) 5.0% 37,305 14.4% +4,701 Young Adults (18-34) 73.3% 543,163 -8.6% -50,858 Adults (35 to 64) 6.6% 99,120 38.2% +27,390 Adults (35 to 64) 69.4% 1,049,135 -0.2% -2,570 Seniors (65 and up) 5.5% 29,922 99.2% +14,899 Seniors (65 and up) 70.9% 386,787 12.3% +42,469 U.S.-Born 6.1% 199,641 31.5% +47,807 U.S.-Born 70.6% 2,294,269 -5.5% -132,949 Foreign-Born 6.1% 22,005 85.0% +10,108 Foreign-Born 68.6% 248,820 10.2% +23,055 Owner Units 6.8% 69,121 34.4% +17,706 Owner Units 69.0% 705,423 -10.7% -84,592 Renter Units 3.0% 11,681 44.2% +3,582 Renter Units 77.7% 304,688 21.8% +54,621 Vacant Units 4.0% 4,484 38.4% +1,245 Vacant Units 78.8% 88,691 97.4% +43,770 *The figures in the lower set of tables may include many neighborhoods with very slight demographic changes, and are especially sensitive to sampling error. These tables are best understood as depicting an aggressive outer estimate of population shifts, as compared to the estimates in the upper set of tables, which are more robustly observed. Data: U.S. Census.

6 DETROIT (CENTRAL) REGION: Gentrification and Economic Decline by Census Tract with Net Change in Low Income Population, 2000-2016

Ortonville Oxford (t) Leonard (v) Bruce Armada (t) Richmond (t) Groveland Brandon Oxford (v) Addison (t) Armada (v) Economic expansion/decline is defined if a tract has a +/- 10% change in middle- Romeo high-income population and a -/+ 5%

Lake Orion change in low-income population share, respectively. 53

Independence Lenox Orion Oakland Washington Ray Springfield

Village of Clarkston

New Haven 75

Chesterfield Lake Angelus Rochester Auburn Hills 94 Shelby Macomb White Lake Waterford Rochester Hills Pontiac MACOMB Sylvan Lake Utica 59 Keego Harbor

Mount Commerce OAKLAND Orchard Lake Village Clemens Bloom- Clinton field Troy Harrison Bloomfield Sterling Hills Heights Wolverine Lake West Bloomfield Walled Lake Birmingham Clawson Wixom Beverly Fraser Franklin Hills Lake Royal 96 Lathrup Oak (c) Roseville Saint Berkley Madison Farmington Hills Village Warren St. Clair Heights Huntington 696 Shores Clair Southfield (c) Novi (t) Woods Pleasant Ridge Farmington Hazel Novi (c) Oak Park Park Eastpointe 3 Ferndale

Northville (c) Harper Grosse Village of Woods Pointe 75 Grosse Pointe Woods Shores 10 Northville (t) 39 Livonia Highland Park Redford Grosse Pointe Farms Hamtramck 14 96 Plymouth (c) Grosse Pointe Plymouth (t) Grosse Pointe Park WAYNE Detroit Dearborn Garden City Westland Economic Decline:

Canton Abandonment: Bingham Farms

Southfield (t) Inkster < -700 Low Income (35) Windsor Royal Oak (t) Wayne Melvindale -1 to -699 Low Income (87) Dearborn Heights River Rouge Allen Low Income Concentration: Park Ecorse Van Buren 94 Lincoln 401 1 to 699 Low Income (461) Park Romulus Taylor > 700 Low Income (167)

Belleville Wyandotte Southgate CANADA Economic Expansion: 275 75 Low Income Displacement:

Brownstown Riverview < -700 Low Income (0)

Sumpter Huron -1 to -699 Low Income (4)

Trenton 0 5 Overall Growth: Grosse Ile Woodhaven 1 to 699 Low Income (6) Miles Flat Rock > 700 Low Income (1) Data Sources: Geolytics, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 SF3; U.S. Census Bureau, 7 2016 American Community Survey (5-year data).