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Vermilion River Watershed WRAPS

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Vermilion River Watershed WRAPS Vermilion River Watershed August 2021 Draft Vermilion River Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy Report Authors Moriya Rufer, HEI Scott Kronholm, HEI Nathaniel Baeumler, HEI Jeremiah Jazdzewski, HEI Section 1.1.1, Drinking Water Protection, provided by MDH Edits by Amy Mustonen, MPCA Contributors/acknowledgements MPCA BWSR North St. Louis SWCD Amy Mustonen Erin Loeffler Phil Norvitch Kevin Stroom Jeff Hrubes Becca Reiss Angus Vaughn Anita Provinzino Jesse Anderson MDH Karsten Klimek Chris Parthun Science Museum of Ben Lundeen Tracy Lund Minnesota—Saint Croix Wesley Sigl Watershed Research Station Mel Markert USFS Mark Edlund Marty Rye DNR Darren Lilja Vermilion Community College Ben Nicklay Jason Butcher Wade Klingsporn Kevin Peterson Emily Creighton Edie Evarts Brent Flatten Voyageurs National Park Dean Paron Ryan Maki Karl Koller Sam Martin 1854 Treaty Authority Cliff Bentley Tyler Kaspar Taylor Nelson Tom Burri Melissa Thompson Kristen Patterson Richard Biemiller Editing and graphic design PIO staff Graphic design staff Administrative Staff Cover photo: Vermilion Falls, Crane Lake, MN Scott Kronholm, HEI Document number: wq-ws4-86a Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures and Tables ...................................................................................................................... i Executive summary ............................................................................................................................. vi What is the WRAPS report? ............................................................................................................... viii 1. Watershed background and description ....................................................................................... 3 2. Watershed conditions .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Condition status ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Water quality trends ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.3 Stressors and sources ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 TMDL summary ................................................................................................................................ 29 2.5 Protection considerations ................................................................................................................ 31 3. Prioritizing and implementing restoration and protection .......................................................... 47 3.1 Targeting of geographic areas .......................................................................................................... 48 3.2 Public Participation .......................................................................................................................... 61 3.3 Restoration and protection strategies ............................................................................................. 65 4. Monitoring plan ......................................................................................................................... 74 5. References and further information ........................................................................................... 76 6. Appendices ................................................................................................................................ 79 List of figures Figure 1. Vermilion River Watershed overview map .................................................................................... 4 Figure 2. Vermilion River Watershed land use (NLCD 2016) ........................................................................ 5 Figure 3. Summary of Vermilion River Watershed aquatic life and aquatic recreation assessments .......... 8 Figure 4. Breakdown of runoff, sediment, and nutrient sources in the Vermilion River Watershed ......... 20 Figure 5. 2007-2015 average annual TSS, TP, NO3+NO2-N flow weighted mean concentrations, and runoff by major watershed ......................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 6. HSPF modeled TSS yield by subwatershed within the Vermilion River Watershed .................... 23 Figure 7. HSPF modeled TP yield by subwatershed within the Vermilion River Watershed ...................... 24 Figure 8. HSPF modeled TN yield by subwatershed within the Vermilion River Watershed ..................... 25 Figure 9. Mining features and the water quality health index score from the WHAF ............................... 28 Figure 10. Federal land in the VRW ............................................................................................................ 31 Figure 11. Source Water Assessment areas for the city of International Falls ........................................... 38 Figure 12. Wild rice waters in the VRW ...................................................................................................... 41 Figure 13. Annual average temperature trends in the VRW alongside the 30-year running average (DNR, 2015) ........................................................................................................................................................... 43 Figure 14. Annual precipitation trend in the VRW alongside the 30-year running average (DNR, 2015) .. 43 Figure 15. Geographical targeting for drinking water protection strategies .............................................. 50 Figure 16. Geographical targeting for forestland management strategies ................................................ 51 Vermilion River WRAPS Report Minnesota Pollution Control Agency i Figure 17. Proposed Coldwater Lake Designations..................................................................................... 52 Figure 18. Geographical targeting for stream connectivity and habitat management protection strategies .................................................................................................................................................................... 53 Figure 19. Geographical targeting for lake management protection strategies ........................................ 54 Figure 20. Geographical targeting for septic and wastewater management protection strategies .......... 55 Figure 21. Geographical targeting for stormwater runoff control protection strategies ........................... 56 Figure 22. Changes in annual average runoff volume per acre for the increased development scenario . 57 Figure 23. Geographical targeting for streambank and gully protection strategies ................................... 58 Figure 24. Best Management Practices implemented in the VRW (MCPA Healthier Watersheds) ........... 66 List of tables Table 1. Vermilion River Watershed land use (NLCD 2016) ......................................................................... 5 Table 2. Summary of mercury impairments in the Vermilion River Watershed ........................................ 10 Table 3. Assessment status of river reaches in the Vermilion River Watershed ........................................ 12 Table 4. Assessment status of lakes in the Vermilion River Watershed ..................................................... 15 Table 5. Long-term trends in lake water clarity in the VRW. ...................................................................... 17 Table 6. Potential stressors to aquatic life considered in the tributary to the Sand River (-645) .............. 18 Table 7: Nonpoint sources of pollution to impaired Myrtle Lake within the Vermilion River Watershed . 26 Table 8. Active point sources in the Vermilion River Watershed ............................................................... 26 Table 9. Myrtle Lake water quality data summary ..................................................................................... 29 Table 10. Impairments and TMDL status within the Vermilion River Watershed ...................................... 29 Table 11. Summary of phosphorus loads to Myrtle Lake ........................................................................... 30 Table 12. Myrtle Lake (69-0749-00) phosphorus TMDL summary ............................................................. 30 Table 13. Stream protection and prioritization results (MPCA, 2018a) ..................................................... 33 Table 14. Vermilion River Watershed Lake Prioritization Summary for Total Phosphorus Risk................. 35 Table 15. Northern Lakes and Forest ecoregion lake eutrophication standards ....................................... 42 Table 16. Average yields for land types in the Vermilion River Watershed, based on HSPF model result. 45 Table 17. Average yields from Forest Areas in the Vermilion River Watershed, based on HSPF results. .. 47 Table 18. Strategy themes and the descriptions for prioritizing resources and geographic areas ............ 49 Table 19. Additional tools that can be used for prioritization in the watershed ........................................ 59 Table 20. Summary of VRW public meetings and outreach during the WRAPS process ........................... 61 Table 21. BMPs installed in the Vermilion River Watershed
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