CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION
GREATER SEKHUKHUNE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY GREATER MARBLE HALL LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES:
FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR FLAG BOSHIELO REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEME Flag Boshielo Settlements in the Eastern, Central and Western Clusters
DRAFT VERSION 1.3
JUNE 2010
Prepared by Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resources Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected]
RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR FLAG BOSHIELO WS REPORT NO. {1}
DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR FLAG BOSHIELO CENTRAL, FLAG BOSHIELO EASTERN 2 AND FLAG BOSHIELO EASTERN 3 WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The rudimentary strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information The focus of this document includes the settlements in the Flag Boshielo Water Supply System situated in the Eastern half of Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality. These settlements receive water from the Flag Boshielo Water Supply System. The Flag Boshielo Dam provides about 4 Water Supply Sub-Schemes including the sub schemes in Fetakgomo Local Municipality that also receive their supply from Flag Boshielo Dam through a weir in the Olifants River. Water is transported through a network of pipeline system to different rural villages in the above mentioned Local Municipality. Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality settlements receiving water from Flag Boshielo Regional Water Scheme are listed below: Village Name
Mmotwaneng Letebejane Ga -Makgatle Elandskraal
Mamphokgo North Mooihoek Ngwalemong A Hinlopen
Elandskraal X1 Mamphokgo South Makgatla A Mogalatsana LCH
Moganyaka North Makgatla B Phetwane
Moganyaka South Mohlalaotwane Mohlotshi
Manapsane Madiilo Moomane South
Leeufontein Seriteng Ga -Masha
Tsimanyane Mabitsi B Motseleope
Ga -Mmela Mmotwaneng Frischgewaagd
Goru Mabitsi A Manotelwaneng
Makhutso Vaalbank Mathukhuthela
Selebaneng Moeding Arabie LCH
Greenside Puleng B Doornpoort
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Tompi Seleka Agri Van Der Merwes College Puleng A Kraal
Ditholong Ngwalemong B Weltevrede
Supply is primarily from Flag Boshielo Dam fed by the Elands and Olifants Rivers. Water supply in Leeufontein is augmented by boreholes and some of the villages are also augmented by boreholes that do not appear to be registered or formalised. The water supply level of service according to the Water Services Providers (Lepelle Northern Water) is mostly at and above RDP standard with the major portion of the supply area receiving water through house and yard connections. Leeufontein is one of the villages that receive house connections water supply with water borne sanitation. A small percentage (<20%) was reported to be receiving below RDP level of water service. Waterborne sanitation is reported to be supplied to a limited number of settlements while the major portion of the study area is served with both ventilated and non ventilated pit latrines.
The information obtained from WSNIS 2007 on the other hand indicates that more than 40% of households receive below RDP level of water supply service with >50% of households receiving below RDP level of sanitation. Confidence level of Information available for the study area The confidence level for the information in this area is low as some of information from different sources contradicts. Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy:
This cluster is considered to have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. Water allocations must be registered.
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Water balance with reconciliation options
The table below shows Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m3/a)
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Groundwater 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
Available Supply Surface water 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460
Total Available Supply 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860
Demand Requirement Low Growth 3.216 3.313 3.528 3.943 4.161 4.201 (no reconciliation options High Growth 3.216 3.355 3.649 4.161 4.431 4.562
Low Growth -1.356 -1.453 -1.668 -2.083 -2.301 -2.341
Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -1.356 -1.495 -1.789 -2.301 -2.571 -2.702
The table below shows the water balance if augmentation measures/ WC/WDM measures are implemented in the area (Million m3/a).
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Groundwater 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
Available Supply Surface water 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460
Groundwater 2.702 2.702 2.702 2.702 2.702 2.702 Augmentation Measures Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total Available Supply 4.562 4.562 4.562 4.562 4.562 4.562
Demand Requirement Low Growth 3.216 3.313 3.528 3.943 4.161 4.201 (no reconciliation options High Growth 3.216 3.355 3.649 4.161 4.431 4.562
Low Growth 0.000 0.033 0.318 0.513 0.541 0.546 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.034 0.328 0.541 0.576 0.593
Low Growth 1.346 1.282 1.351 1.132 0.942 0.907
Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 1.346 1.240 1.241 0.942 0.707 0.593
Conclusions (i) The FlagBoshielo cluster’s current water demand is estimated as 3.355 Million m3/a and is projected to increase to 4.562 Million m3/a by the year 2030. Groundwater use was recorded as 0.4 Million m3/a).
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(ii) Groundwater (0.4 Million m3/a) is used to augment the surface water. The surface water combined with sustainable yield of the production boreholes is insufficient to meet the projected water requirements for the cluster for the year 2030. Groundwater estimated at 4.78 Million m 3/a is available to expand the current and future water supply.
(iii) The data confidence in the volumes currently available for supply is low as detail on the pumped volumes was not available at the time of the study. The level of data supporting the groundwater estimate should therefore be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use.
Strategy/Recommendations Short term (i) Develop the Water Conservation and Demand Management plan, with clear performance targets.
(ii) Before introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis. This would include a borehole census to validate and revise the current groundwater use estimates is required.
(iii) Formalise (including the installation of meters and monitoring) of groundwater abstraction boreholes.
(iv) Limit wasteful water use in order to control water consumption and utilise available groundwater to its full potential.
Long term (i) Monitoring and development of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy.
(ii) Feasibility study for use of surface water from the Flag Boshielo dam.
(iii) Feasibility Study needs to be carried out to identify additional boreholes to augment water supply for the Flag Boshielo settlements.
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This is a strategy for the Flag Boshielo-Greater Marble Hall Cluster and it has been accepted and signed by Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality, DWA Limpopo Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:
Town WMA DM WSA WSDP Status
Flag Boshielo – Olifants Greater DWA Draft Greater Marble Sekhukhune Hall Cluster District Municipality
Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….
Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………
Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………
Position:…………………...... Greater Position:…………………………… Greater Marble Hall LM Sekhukhune DM
Names:………………………………………. Names:……………………………………….
Signature:…………………………………… Signature:……………………………………
Date:………………………………………… Date:…………………………………………
Position:…………………………………DWA Position:………………………………DWA D: Regional Office National Water Resource Planning
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 Overview ...... 1
1.2 Study area ...... 1
1.3 Regional Setting ...... 1
1.4 National Spatial Development Framework...... 3
1.5 Provincial Spatial Development Framework ...... 3
1.6 Presidential Poverty Nodes ...... 3
1.7 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3
2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 3
3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 5
3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use ...... 5
3.2 Level of services ...... 5
4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 5
4.1 Future water requirements ...... 5
5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 6
5.1 Surface water resources ...... 6
5.1.1 Water allocation/s ...... 7
5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 7
5.1.3 Quality ...... 8
5.2 Groundwater ...... 8
5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 8
5.2.2 Quality ...... 9
5.3 Water Re-use ...... 9
6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 10
6.1 Water Balance ...... 10
6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town ...... 12
7 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 12
7.1 Water treatment plants ...... 12
7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 12
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8 EXISTING SANITATION ...... 13
8.1 Level of services ...... 13
8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 14
8.2.1 Return flows ...... 14
8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 14
9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 14
9.1 WC/WDM ...... 14
9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 14
9.3 Ground water ...... 14
9.4 Re-use ...... 14
9.5 Surface water ...... 15
9.6 Augmentation Options ...... 15
9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 15
10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 16
10.1 Water Balance ...... 16
11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 18
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 18
12.1 Short term ...... 18
12.2 Long term ...... 18
13 REFERENCES ...... 19
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1: Locality Plan ...... 2
Figure 2-1: Population Projection Comparison ...... 4
Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (Flag Boshielo Marble Hall Cluster) ...... 11
Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures ..... 17
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1: Historical and projected population (Flag Boshielo RWS-Marble Hall) ...... 4
Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 5
Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections - Flag Boshielo RWS ...... 6
Table 5-1: Historic Firm Yield Analysis ...... 7
. Table 5-2: Water users dependent on surface water within the Flag Boshielo Dam ..... 7
Table 6-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 10
Table 6-2: Water Use (Million m 3/a) ...... 10
Table 8-1: Current service levels ...... 13
Table 10-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m 3/a) ...... 16
Table 10-2: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m 3/a) ...... 16
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ABBREVIATIONS
AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water
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WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted
Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan
Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries
Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement
Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions
Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence
Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system
Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.
Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time
Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand
Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.
Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.
Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
The Department of Water Affairs have initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies for the towns in the Northern Region in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and into the future.
The study area comprises the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.
This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Starter document: Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.
1.2 Study area
This study area includes the settlements in the Flag Boshielo Central/Eastern2&3/Western Supply Area. The settlements in this supply area fall in Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality.
The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.
1.3 Regional Setting
The Flag Boshielo Dam Supply Schemes abstracts water from Flag Boshielo dam and supplies the Flag Boshielo Central/Eastern/ Western a supply area, the Olifantspoort supply area, Marble Hall town, Steelpoort Town in Tubatse, Ohrigstad and Burgersfort Town. This supply areas fall within three of the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality, the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, the Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality and Fetakgomo Local Municipality. The Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality is found in the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa. This Municipality is the Water Services Authority while the Water Services Provider function is held by Lepelle Northern Water.
The Flag Boshielo Regional Water Scheme supplies rural villages in the Greater Marble Hall and, Makhuduthamaga and Fetakgomo Local Municipalities. The villages supplied in Marble Hall lie in the eastern half of Marble Hall Local Municipality. The Flag Boshielo supply area is mainly rural with a small percentage of area occupied for farming purposes. No mining or industrial activities are taking place in this water supply area. .
Supply is primarily from Flag Boshielo dam situated in the Olifants River. Two boreholes are said to be existing in Leeufontein and this two boreholes will serve to augment water supply to Leeufontein.
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1 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR FLAG BOSHIELO WS REPORT NO. {1}
Figure 1-1: Locality Plan
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Irrigation occurs on the western part of Leeufontein and along the Olifants River on the downstream of Flag Boshielo dam.
1.4 National Spatial Development Framework
No information.
1.5 Provincial Spatial Development Framework The spatial characteristics for the Greater Marble Hall Municipal area are summarized below:
• A relatively large land area extending approximately 1 793km²;
• A fragmented residential component consisting of 4 formal towns, 21 semi formal villages, 31 rural villages and 18 scattered villages. Therefore 42% of the settlement areas are rural;
• Two (2) significant clusters of villages, one to west of Marble Hall and one to the northand east of Marble Hall.
• A clear distinction between high and low potential agricultural land being utilized for intensive or extensive agricultural activities ;
• Significant area of land owned by the state under custodianship of Tribal and or Traditional authorities, as well as private owned land;
• Environmental sensitive areas mainly along stream areas.
1.6 Presidential Poverty Nodes
Information on Presidential Poverty Notes could not be obtained.
1.7 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area
The level of confidence in the groundwater data is regarded as low.
2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS Population data for the cluster is included below in Table 2.1. Various demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth, while the other a low growth projection.
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Table 2-1: Historical and projected population (Flag Boshielo RWS-Marble Hall)
Year Low Growth Scenario High Growth Scenario
2007 70,166 70,166
2008 70,632 70,928
2010 71,586 72,494
2015 72,676 75,162
2020 73,030 77,074
2025 73,370 78,145
2030 74,083 80,456
Both the low and growth scenarios for the Flag Boshielo Marble Hall cluster was assessed as having a positive growth potential; here the population is anticipated to increase from the 2007 figure of 70166 to 80456 in 2030. The comparison between these two scenarios is shown below in Figure 2-1.
The Greater Sekhukhune WSDP 2007-08 reports that a population of 124467 was served from the Flag Boshielo Regional Water scheme for the year 2005. It is further reported that 12 villages with a population of 10 468 could not be served. The Population figures in the table above take into account only the villages in the Flag Boshielo Water Supply Area in the Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality. Lepelle Northern Water reported that all villages are presently supplied from Flag Boshielo Water Treatment Plant. The use of ground water is minimal.
82,000
80,000
78,000
76,000
74,000
72,000
Population 70,000
68,000
66,000
64,000 2007 2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Flag Boshielo RWS/Greater Marble Hall Scheme (Low growth scenario) Flag Boshielo RWS/Greater Marble Hall Scheme (High growth scenario)
Figure 2-1: Population Projection Comparison
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3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Present Water Requirements and historical water use
The consumption in the Flag Boshielo RWS cluster for 2007 is quoted as 3.3 Million m3/a. This is the total water consumption on the Flag Boshielo WTP taking into account the villages in Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality. The licensed abstraction is quoted as 4.4 Million m3/a. The above information was obtained in the Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality WSDP 2007-08.
3.2 Level of services
Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified above.
Information obtained from the Lepelle Northern Water indicates that Flag Boshielo Marble Hall Water Supply cluster receives mainly RDP standard communal water supply. The Greater Marble Hall IDP reports that Leeufontein has been equipped with metered house connections and two boreholes. Tompi Seleka is also supplied through house connections. Flag Boshielo West settlements (Elandskraal, Dichoeung, Van der Merwe’s Kraal and Hinlopen) have metered erf connections. The IDP indicates that more than 60% of the villages receive RDP level communal water supply. The current service levels are presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Current service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP
Service level House Communal Communal Yard None/ own resources/ connec- supply supply connection supply (>500m) tion (<200m) (>200m)
WSNIS, 2007 31 22 12 5 29
The figures in the table below were generated from the WSNIS 2007 data and indicate that the level of water services provided is lower than is indicated by the WSP with Level of Hardship (LOH) for water being relatively high at more than 40% of the households below RDP standard. This needs further investigation to determine the true reflection of the level of services for the Flag Boshielo Water Supply Area.
4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030
4.1 Future water requirements
The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows: • Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 2-1.
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• Current level of service (LOS) estimates: The current LOS is estimated as 79% of the population in the cluster supplied above RDP standard and the remainder by boreholes at below RDP standard (WSDP, 2008). It is noted that the borehole use indicated is not registered in the WARMS data.
• Future requirements : For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015. Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections - Flag Boshielo RWS
Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation (Low calculation (High (Low Growth) (High Growth) Growth) Growth) Million m3/a Million m3/a
(1) Actual 70,166 70,166 3.216 3.216
2010 71,586 72,494 3.313 3.355
2015 72,676 75,162 3.528 3.649
2020 73,030 77,074 3.943 4.161
2025 73,370 78,145 4.161 4.431
2030 74,083 80,456 4.201 4.562
Note: (1) Base population is provided for 2007. The water requirements are estimated from 2003 data. 5 WATER RESOURCES
5.1 Surface water resources
The surface water resources of the District are comprised of the two main rivers the Olifants and the Steelpoort, which is itself a tributary of the Olifants. The Olifants River has one major dam already constructed within the Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality i.e. the Flag Boshielo Dam (Arabie). This dam is the main source of water supply in the Flag Boshielo Regional Water Supply Scheme. The part of Flag Boshielo scheme supply area located in Greater Marble Hall Local Municipality falls within the Quaternary catchments B51A, B51B, B51C, B51E, B51H, B32J and B31J. 2005 observed demand was indicated to be 2.36 Million m3/a for The Flag Boshielo RWS licensed abstraction is 4.4 Million m3/a and abstracted water purified at the Flag Bisielo WTP is split between the Flag Boshielo Marble Hall cluster, the Flag Boshielo Makhuduthamaga cluster and the Flag Bosheilo RWS/West Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality. The Treatment Plant can only handle 2.92 Million m3/a. Other water users also abstract water from the dam for community supply, irrigation, transfers and the environmental reserves. The Flag Boshielo dam (Arabie) was raised and the dam firm yield increased from 56 Million m3/a to 72 Million m3/a.
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Table 5-1: Historic Firm Yield Analysis
Historic Firm Yield & associated Stochastic firm yields (M illion m3/a) at Recurrence interval indicated Recurrence Intervals in years
Dam (M illion RI (years) 1:20 1:50 1:100 1:200 m3/a)
Flag Boshielo 72
5.1.1 Water allocation/s
Flag Boshielo dam has a storage capacity of 187.89Mm 3/a and a firm yield of 72 Million m3/a after the dam was raised. 63.6 Million m3/a is allocated to different water users in GSDM while only 4.4 Million m3/a is allocated to Flag Boshielo (NSA) Schemes communities. The total allocation is well below its present firm yield of 72Mm 3/a. The Flag Boshielo Water Treatment Plant capacity is 2.92 Million m3/a. 1.46 Million m3/a was calculated per the Flag Boshielo Marble Hall population to be the allocation to this cluster. The current consumption in the entire Flag Boshielo RWS is 3.35 Million m3/a. 2.77 Million m3/a of the 3.35 Million m3/a was used by the Flag boshielo Marble Hall cluster.
5.1.2 Other water users from the same source
Other water users receiving supply from Flag Boshielo Dam include water used for small scale irrigation, Olifants-Sand Transfer Scheme, Olifantspoort South Community, Lebalelo Water Users Association, Flag Boshielo RWS Makhuduthamaga cluster and the environmental reserve.
. Table 5-2: Water users dependent on surface water within the Flag Boshielo Dam
Licensed abstraction (Mm 3/a) Ecological Reserve Name Domestic Mining Irrigation Industry Other
Olifantspoort 2 South CWSS
Olifants River 26.03
Olifants-Sand Transfer 13 Scheme
Lebalelo Water Users 13 Association
Flag Boshielo Makhuduthama 1.25 ga
Flag Boshielo 5 Dam
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5.1.3 Quality
There were no problems reported regarding quality of the surface water resources.
5.2 Groundwater
The 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series [7] and GRA2 data [8] has been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area. The 51 settlements listed within the southern area of Flag Boshielo are located within intrusive rocks of the Lebowa Granite Suite – Bushveld Complex (Nebo Granite and Klipkloof Granite). The western part of the area contains sedimentary rocks (shale, sandstone and coal) from the Ecca Formation (Karoo Supergroup) as well as intrusion of dolerite.
The regional hydrogeological map of South Africa indicates that the regional aquifers identified in and around the clusters correspond to intergranular and fractured aquifers with a groundwater potential between 0.5 L/s and 2.0 L/s [8]. Along the Olifants River, the groundwater potential can be higher, between 2.0 – 5.0 L/s. The water table is generally encountered around 17 mbgl. The faults and fractures enhance the hydraulic conductivity and can serve as drainage lines. An unnamed fault strikes north-east to south-west through the western part of the study area.
Groundwater baseflow probably recharges the Olifants River but the relationship between river abstractions and the groundwater potential is not provided in the data available.
5.2.1 Water allocation/s
There is no registered use within the Flag Boshielo Greater Marble Hall cluster. The groundwater usage for the Flag Boshielo settlements was calculated by Leshoka in 2005 [5] as 0.73 Million m3/a but this estimate also incorporated settlements in the Makhuduthamaga local municipality and Lepele-Nkumpi (Capricorn DM). The Flag Boshielo Greater Marble Hall cluster forms approximately 54% of this area. Based on this assumption, the consumption translates to 0.4 Million m 3/a for the Flag Boshielo Greater Marble Hall cluster.
Similarly, the groundwater availability [1] is estimated as 5.41 Million m 3/a (54% of 9.94 Million m3/a calculated in 2005 [6]) for the Flag Boshielo Greater Marble Hall cluster. This is of a similar order to the 5.6 Million m 3/a calculated for the same area by SRK. Estimated Water Demand and Groundwater Potential (Figures from WSM Leshoka 2005)
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Estimated Sub- Exploitable Sub-Scheme Actual Scheme Name Scheme Groundwater Name 3 Consumption Number Potential (Mm /a) 3 (Mm /a)
Flag Boshielo Dam RWS NSA01 5.82 0.35 Central
Flag Boshielo Dam RWS NSA01 0.88 0.057 Flag Boshielo Eastern 1 Dam RWS Flag Boshielo Dam RWS NSA01 0.64 0.123 Eastern 2
Flag Boshielo NSA01 2.6 0.208 Dam RWS West
5.2.2 Quality
Water quality data is provided from the NGDB dataset and Olifants database [10] where approximately 100 records are quoted with the water quality results from 1982 to 2007.
In general terms the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose within the study area can be regarded as acceptable. However due to a high contents of nitrate (NO 3), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), several boreholes located within the area experience poorer groundwater quality above Class 3 (Unacceptable quality) which is regarded as unfit for human consumption without treatment.
5.3 Water Re-use
There is no information on water re-use in the Flag Boshielo water supply system.
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6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
6.1 Water Balance
Table 6-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m3/a)
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Groundwater 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
Available Supply Surface water 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460
Total Available Supply 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860
Demand Requirement Low Growth 3.216 3.313 3.528 3.943 4.161 4.201 (no reconciliation options High Growth 3.216 3.355 3.649 4.161 4.431 4.562
Low Growth -1.356 -1.453 -1.668 -2.083 -2.301 -2.341
Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -1.356 -1.495 -1.789 -2.301 -2.571 -2.702
Table 6-2: Water Use (Million m3/a)
Description Source Quantity Comment
Flag Boshielo Dam Actual Abstraction Ground water 0.4
Flag Boshielo Dam
Registered Use Figure obtained from Lepelle Ground water 2.77 Northern Water for the month of March
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5.000
4.500
4.000
3.500 20% growth in house connection 3.000 by 2025
Mm³/annum 2.500 Current level 5% growth in of service house connection by 2.000 2015
1.500
1.000
0.500
- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Year
Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario)
Figure 6-1: Future water requirements (Flag Boshielo Marble Hall Cluster)
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11 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR FLAG BOSHIELO WS REPORT NO. {1}
6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town
This cluster is considered to have a Priority 4 (high) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy. The level of data supporting this estimate can be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing surface and groundwater use. 7 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE
The Flag Boshielo Regional Water Supply Scheme serves, from Flag Boshielo Dam, 92% of the scheme population (124 467 of the total 135 138). The scheme was serving all but 12 villages with a population of 10 468 according to the 2005 figures. Presently the list received from the water services provider (Lepelle Northern Water) indicates 19 villages in which Lepelle Northern Water distribution network was constructed. The table of villages is given in section 7.2. Lepelle Northern Water reported that all of the villages supplied by Flag Boshielo Regional Water Scheme are now being supplied with RDP standard water. These villages are each equipped with a reservoir. Some of the villages including Leeufontein are augmented by boreholes.
7.1 Water treatment plants
The Flag Boshielo Water Treatment Plant is situated approximately 35km North of Marble Hall. It supplies potable water to the Flag Boshielo supply area. The plant has a design capacity of 2.92 Million m3/a and the present consumption on average is 3.5 Million m3/a. This plant forms an important component of the future bulk water supply to Sekhukhune.
7.2 Distribution network and reservoirs
Part of the distribution network infrastructure is given in the table below. Reservoir Command Reservoirs Capacity(Mm 3) Village
C/R 1 0.03 Tsimanyane
C/R 2 0.017 Mohlotsi
C/R 3 0.017 Motwaneng
C/R 4 0.021 Mamphokgo
C/R 5 0.017 Tompie Seleka College
C/R 7 0.003 Dikgalaopeng
C/R 8 0.022 Phokwane
Pressusure Break Reservoirs Village
P/B 2 East Line (Ga -Mmela)
P/B 3 East Line (Selebaneng)
Pumpstations Reservoirs Village
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P/S 1 Tsimanyane
P/S 2 Mmakgatle B
P/S 3 Mamphokgo North
P/S 4 Ga -Mmela
P/S 5 Mohlalaotoane
P/S 6 Rakgwadi
P/S 7 Mogaladi
P/S 8 Ga -Mampane
P/S 9 Motseleope
8 EXISTING SANITATION
The Flag Boshielo Cluster is served by three types of sanitation; waterborne sewerage system with oxidation ponds, septic tanks or French drains and Pit latrines, (WSDP, 2008).
8.1 Level of services
Sanitation is generally supplied (above RDP) through water borne sewage for Leeufontein and Elandskraal, with a small percentage supplied by septic tanks and French Drains for Van der Merwe’s Kraal while the rest of the villages and settlements receive below RPD level Pit Latrines and RDP level Pit Latrines with ventilation. This information was obtained from the Greater Marble Hall 2006 IDP.
The current level of service is indicated in Table 8-1.
Table 8-1: Current service levels
Above RDP RDP Below RDP
Septic tanks, digester, Flush toilet Pit latrine Service level desluger, None, chemical, (connected to with effluent bucket or pit latrine sewerage ventilation discharge to an without ventilation system) (VIP) oxidation pond, etc
WSNIS, 2008 33 4 19 44
Level of Hardship (LOH) in the above table for sanitation is relatively high at >40% of the households below RDP standard. The Level of Hardship in this table below is also based on the WSNIS 2007 data and contradicts with the IDP Information and the Information obtained from the Lepelle Northern water. Further investigation is also needed to determine the true reflection of the sanitation level of services for the Flag Boshielo Water Supply Area.
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8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) A Waste Water Treatment Works exists in Leeufontein township situated East of Marble Hall. Oxidation ponds for low cost housing scheme (280 units) have been constructed. There have been problems with this scheme relating to poor design, inadequate supervision and lack of O&M and WDM. BKS submitted a report to SDM for the upgrading of Leeufontein On –site Sanitation in March 2004. No follow up action has been reported. The Elandskraal WWTW is situated Flag Boshielo West Supply Area. Oxidation ponds have been built for low cost housing in that area. The estimated capacity is 0.146 Million m3/a. No additional information is available. The Van der Merwe’s Kraal WWTW is also equipped with Oxidation Ponds and has an estimated capacity of 0.073 Million m3/a.
8.2.1 Return flows
Details of return flows for Flag Boshielo dam are unknown.
8.2.2 State of WWTW
The state of the WWTWs is not good in terms of design, inadequate capacity and inadequate supervision. Upgrading of the three Works has been recommended. 9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
9.1 WC/WDM
Consultants were appointed to put a WC/WDM strategy in place for the Flag Boshielo RWS. The details of the planned or executed WC/WDM strategy are unknown. Presently, there are no programs for reducing unaccounted for water, leak and meter repair, public information and consumer education. The entire Greater Sekhukhuni District under which Greater Marble Hall and Makhuduthamaga Local Municipalities fall is a dry semi-arid area without any plantations or evidence of major infestation with exotic species and this District Municipality does not have any Working for Water projects.
Water Resources Management Interventions that were proposed for the entire Greater Sekhukhune District Municipality include targets to reduce unaccounted for water and water inefficiencies in urban areas by 10% and by 15% in rural areas by 2008, leaks to be detected and repaired and bulk meters installed on reservoir outlets, private and institutional water meters to be checked and replaced if necessary especially in the few Sekhukhune District urban areas, Public Awareness Campaigns to be organised as part of the Water Demand Management of schemes.
9.2 Rain water harvesting
There is a low potential for rainfall harvesting. (See Starter Document …….)
9.3 Ground water
An estimated 4.78 Million m 3/a of ground water is available to further augment the surface water supply.
9.4 Re-use
No Information on water re-use in this cluster.
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9.5 Surface water
Lepelle Northern Water reported that Flag Boshielo dam has a spare capacity of 3.65 Million m3/a. Presently, Flag Boshielo Water Treatment Plant is currently abstracting 3.35 Million m3/a from the dam to supply villages in the Flag Boshielo RWS supply area (villages in both Greater Marble Hall and Makhuduthamaga). The Flag Boshielo Water Treatment Plant has a capacity of 2.92 Million m3/a. The 2.92 Million m 3/a was split amongst the three clusters obtaining water from the Flag Boshielo dam using the percentage population of each cluster. 1.46 Million m3/a was calculated for the Flag boshielo Marble Hall cluster to represent the available supply from the Water treatment Plant.
9.6 Augmentation Options
A shortfall of 1.5 Million m3/a at high scenario currently exists while 2.702 Million m3/a is required to meet future demands up to 2010. 2.702 Million m3/a of the estimated 4.78 Million m3/a available groundwater should be used to augment the available supply to Flag Boshielo Marble Hall cluster.
9.7 Buy-out of water allocations/rights
No information.
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10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS
10.1 Water Balance
Table 10-1: Current Status and Demand Projections (Million m3/a)
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Groundwater 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
Available Supply Surface water 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460
Total Available Supply 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.860
Demand Requirement Low Growth 3.216 3.313 3.528 3.943 4.161 4.201 (no reconciliation options High Growth 3.216 3.355 3.649 4.161 4.431 4.562
Low Growth -1.356 -1.453 -1.668 -2.083 -2.301 -2.341
Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth -1.356 -1.495 -1.789 -2.301 -2.571 -2.702
Table 10-2: Future Status with Reconciliation Measures (Million m3/a)
Description Source Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Groundwater 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
Available Supply Surface water 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460 1.460
Groundwater 2.702 2.702 2.702 2.702 2.702 2.702 Augmentation Measures Surface water 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Total Available Supply 4.562 4.562 4.562 4.562 4.562 4.562
Demand Requirement Low Growth 3.216 3.313 3.528 3.943 4.161 4.201 (no reconciliation options High Growth 3.216 3.355 3.649 4.161 4.431 4.562
Low Growth 0.000 0.033 0.318 0.513 0.541 0.546 WC/WDM measures (Savings) High Growth 0.000 0.034 0.328 0.541 0.576 0.593
Low Growth 1.346 1.282 1.351 1.132 0.942 0.907
Surplus/ Shortfall High Growth 1.346 1.240 1.241 0.942 0.707 0.593
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16 RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR FLAG BOSHIELO WS REPORT NO. {1}
5.00
4.50 Current level of service 4.00
3.50
3.00 20% growth in 5% growth in house connection
Mm³/annum 2.50 house by 2025 connection by 2015 2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Year
Augmentation Measures (Groundwater) Surface Water Supply Groundwater Supply Estimated Future Requirements (Low growth scenario) Estimated Future Requirements (High growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (Low growth scenario) WC/WDM Measures (High growth scenario)
Figure 10-1: Augmentation options and/or implementation of WC/WDM measures
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11 CONCLUSIONS
• The Flag Boshielo Marble Hall cluster’s current water demand is estimated as 3.355 Million m3/a. • Ground water (0.4 Million m3/a) is used to augment surface water. • The surface water combined with sustainable yield of the production boreholes is insufficient to meet the projected water requirements for the cluster for the year 2030. Groundwater estimated at 4.78 Million m 3/a is available to expand the current and future supply. • The data confidence in the volumes currently available for supply is low as detail on the pumped volumes was not available at the time of the study. The level of data supporting the groundwater estimate should therefore be improved through the validation and confirmation of existing groundwater use.
12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS
12.1 Short term
• Before introducing measures to encourage water conservation, it is important to have an accurate set of baseline data against which any progress can be measured. The first priority must therefore be to ensure that there is an adequate network of water meters and accurate readings are recorded on a regular basis. This would include borehole census to validate and revise the current groundwater use estimates is required. • Formalise (including the installation of meters and monitoring) of groundwater abstraction boreholes. • Develop the Water Conservation and Demand Management plan, with clear performance targets. • Limit wasteful water use in order to control water consumption and utilise available groundwater to its full potential.
12.2 Long term
• Monitoring and development of the Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy. • Feasibility study for use of surface water from the Olifants River and/or Flag Boshielo dam. • A full Feasibility Study needs to be carried out to identify additional boreholes to augment water supply for the Flag Boshielo settlements.
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13 REFERENCES
[1] GSDM Draft Water Services Development Plan, 2007/2008, Vikna Consulting (2009) Civil and Development Engineers
[2] GMLM Greater Marble hall IDP_Review, 2005-2006 (2006)
[3] LEPELLE Lepelle Northern Water Report, 2007/08 NORTHERN (2009)
[4] GSDM Greater Sekhukhune IDP, 2005-2008
[5] GSDM Sekhukhune District Community Water Supplies Master Plan Volume 1, April 2007 (2007)
[6] 1:250 000 Regional Geological Map Series. 2429
[7] GRA2 Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2005), Groundwater Resource Assessment Phase 2. Pretoria
[8] Olifants River Groundwater Reserve Determination for the Olifants River Catchment, Catchment SRK Consulting, Final Report, March 2009.
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