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Kamal Jumblat: the Teacher, the Leader

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Kamal Jumblat: the Teacher, the Leader 1 Nazek Abu-Ilwan ABED KAMAL JUMBLAT: “THE TEACHER,” THE LEADER Submitted to Fairfax University, USA as part of the Learning Plan aspect of the program requirements leading to the degree of DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) Philosophy December 2002 2 ABSTRACT As a seeker of knowledge, and a reader who has the mania of exploring; who is attracted to high principles, and who is searching to find a meaning to life, I have found Kamal Jumblat- the Lebanese philosopher- both; the reference and the master. Jumblat has left a rich heritage that answers the major concerns of the uplifted spirits. In admiration of his transparent soul and illuminating philosophy, I have chosen him the subject of my research work, so I can be one of the witnesses on his idealism and integrity that were revealed in both: his words and actions. Jumblat led an abundant life for which the French author, Remon Bernard, considered him “A school of pure high wisdom.” I have chosen the English language to write this research so I may contribute in introducing Kamal Jumblat’s great legacy to a large audience in the English speaking countries. For what has been written about him in English is very limited in contrast to what he was, and to what has been written in French and Arabic. Kamal Jumblat has attained local, Arabic, and international recognition. A Lebanese author says about him: “We continue publishing what is written about him; Kamal Jumblat is a torch we are committed to keep enlightened in our souls, minds and hearts.” Kamal Jumblat is an enrichment to knowledge since he sought the sources of illumination from ancient, modern, eastern, and western cultures; where the unity is embodied in the diversity, and the Reality of Existence is the one to which he devoted his life. It is a challenging task to reveal in a dissertation the greatness of a spirit and the richness of Jumblat’s life. However; I enjoy the difficulty being armed with moral courage, determinism and faith, and being liberated by the Truth that I aim for. Nazek Abu-Ilwan Abed 3 DEDICATION To my dear late father, Aref Abu-Ilwan, who raised a faith "Values have no parallel;" To my dear late husband, Fawzi Abed, partner of a life overwhelmed with human richness; To my mother, brothers and sister and their families; To my children, my children in law and grand children, To every reader… I dedicate my work. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS God has enlightened the path for me to realize a desire I have had for a long time to write about the great Teacher, Kamal Jumblat. It is my honor to give the opportunity to those who want to know more about him, and who appreciate great men, research about them, and read their biographies to reinforce their faith in a generous humanity. While my work is over, I cannot deny the imperfection of what I am presenting in terms of researching and writing about Kamal Jumblat’s essence in its totality. It is hard for any writer to find a perspective that is ample enough to cover the broadness of the Teacher's multifaceted intellect. However, it is an endeavor that I have extremely enjoyed, and that is encouraging me to go further and deeper in the continuous pursuit to know more about Kamal Jumblat, his life, and his intellect. The journey would not have been possible without the presence in my life –physically and spiritually- of certain companions. It is an honor and privilege for me to acknowledge these particular people. My efforts would not have been productive without the adroit support that I got from Dr. Keith Seddon, my advisor at Fairfax University in London. Dr. Seddon’s feedback was always an encouragement by showing his enthusiasm and interest in appreciating great minds through comments that always revealed signs of integrity and professionalism…comments, such as, "There are too few examples of people like Kamal Jumblat in the world today." My deepest appreciation and recognition go to Mrs. Julia Makarem. My thesis has greatly benefited from Mrs. Makarem’s years of expertise in writing and publishing. I would like to acknowledge with pride my daughter, Lama, who with devotion and patience followed my endeavor. I also would like to extend my acknowledgement to an institution that is preserving our culture, the National Library in Baakleen, Lebanon for supplying me with the various books I requested. My sincerest thanks go to a group of friends who have supported and had faith in me. They earnestly encouraged, followed and insisted on my finishing the work. Also, I would like to thank all my children for providing me with the desired ambiance. I save my last and special acknowledgement to two figures whom I wish were able to see this work see the light; to the late friend, Mr. Fouad Tohmeh, who was a true believer in Kamal Jumblat and to my dear late husband Fawzi Abed, who was a great admirer of Jumblat. Mr. Tohmeh supplied me with some original personal information and important manuscripts that were of great help, and my late husband supplied me with faith and support to fulfill my dream of writing about Kamal Jumblat, the Leader. May God bless their souls. 5 The finest appreciation, accompanied with the ultimate admiration, is absolutely devoted to the muse of this work. Kamal Jumblat’s rare traits, his sublime intellect overwhelmed the whole existence and enthused me to write...so I could find the philosophical, mental, humanistic, social, and moral ammunition that made it a must upon me to write and testify... I hope I’ve achieved what –or at least some- of what I aimed for and what his admirers wanted from me. 6 CONTENTS A Note from the Author ......................................................................................... 7 Chapter I. Kamal Jumblat: Biography and Milestones .......................................... 8 Chapter II. Sources of Jumblat's Knowledge and Inspiration ............................ 180 Chapter III. Jumblat as a Believer in a Monistic and Mystic Philosophy ............ 280 Chapter IV. Jumblat and the Concept of Religion ............................................... 57 Chapter V. Jumblat and the Concept of God ...................................................... 68 Chapter VI. Jumblat and the Concept of Ethics .................................................. 77 Chapter VII. Jumblat and the Concept of Work ................................................... 89 Chapter VIII. Jumblat and the Concept of Freedom ........................................ 6009 The Concept of Democracy ................................................................... 6723 Chapter IX. Jumblat and the Concept of Family ............................................. 7333 The Concept of Love .............................................................................. 7436 Chapter X. Jumblat: Poems and Quotes ......................................................... 7945 Chapter XI. Enlightening Stories about Jumblat ............................................. 8555 Chapter XII. Words about Jumblat .................................................................. 9372 Chapter XIII. A Final Word ................................................................................ 180 References ....................................................................................................... 185 7 A NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR Dear Reader, As you are reading this thesis about Kamal Jumblat, I would like you to keep in mind the following points: - Do not ignore the settings of what you read in terms of time and place. Many of the events and incidents took place over fifty years ago in a small village in the mountains of Lebanon. What may seem trivial to us now, at that time and place, might have been a lot more meaningful and significant. - If referencing in this thesis is not very accurate or complete, that is largely due, on one hand, to the fact that Kamal Jumblat cared mostly about the essence of what he read rather than its source. You may not always find the source of his ideas or theories in the same chapter where you read them. However, chapter two of this work gives an insight about the different schools and references that influenced Kamal Jumblat's philosophies. On the other hand, referencing is absolutely hard when using the memory as a bibliography entry in a thesis. - I cannot but admit the presence of some subjectivity that might have filtered throughout my writings about this great person, for Kamal Jumblat, was to me, the Existence itself and the Reality in its whole essence. - The thesis has a philosophical orientation; the Absolute is a common connotation in it. The Absolute, philosophically, is defined as the unconditioned, totally independent, perfect and all-inclusive; God as entirely unconditioned. For that reason, the use of the word “Man” or “He” is equivalent to “the Individual”. Since we are talking in the absolute here, I see no point in using “He or She” when talking about the person in general. - Please forgive any incompetence that may be revealed in translation. Jumblat’s philosophies and poems might have been too deep sometimes to be accurately translated. 8 I. KAMAL JUMBLAT’S BIOGRAPHY AND MILESTONES (1917-1977) To discover the Reality is the only goal that deserves to live for. The Reality is the name of God. It is the happiness, the freedom, and the heaven of peaceful hearts. There is no complete happiness without knowing the final Reality of this explicit and implicit Existence. Kamal Jumblat It is said that biography is the only true history. Attempting to defend that belief, I will try in the following chapter to expose Kamal Jumblat's biography, and what it appended to our history. Jumblat’s Biography will be presented under two sections: the way books describe it (Part I), and the way I like to narrate it (Part II). My version of Jumblat’s Biography will include two entities: "I Was Told" and "I Remember." Here, in this section, I will relate “The Dream”. I hope I can display in writing as much as I can to reveal several and different aspects of the life of this great wise "Teacher" and “Leader.” Part I. Kamal Jumblat: A Brief Biography (1917-1977) Kamal Jumblat is a descendant of a prominent family, who has been influential in Mount Lebanon’s political life for centuries.
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