Etudes Chimique Et Biologique Des Extraits D'albizia Masikororum, Une

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Etudes Chimique Et Biologique Des Extraits D'albizia Masikororum, Une UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO DOMAINE : SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES ECOLE DOCTORALE : SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT Thèse de Doctorat Spécialité : Biodiversité et Santé ( Biochimie ) Etudes chimique et biologique des extraits d’Albizia masikororum, une FABACEE endémique de Madagascar Présentée et soutenue publiquement par : RAZAFINDRAKOTO Anjarasoa Ravo Titulaire de DEA en Biochimie Appliquée aux Sciences Médicales Le 20 février 2018 Devant le jury composé de : Président : Pr. Charlotte RALISON Rapporteur interne : Pr. Danielle Aurore Doll RAKOTO Rapporteur externe : Pr. Heriniaina RAMANANKIERANA Examinateurs : Pr. Julia Louisette RAZANAMPARANY Pr. Arsène RATSIMBASOA Directeur de thèse : Pr. Victor JEANNODA REMERCIEMENTS Le présent travail n’aurait pu se faire sans le concours de nombreuses personnes tant physiques que morales, auxquelles nous devons toute notre reconnaissance. Ce travail a été réalisé : - au LABASM (Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée aux Sciences Médicales) de la Mention Biochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Universitéd’Antananarivo. - au laboratoire d’anatomie-cytopathologie (ACP) de l’Institut Pasteur de Madagascar (IPM). - à l’Institut Malagasy de Recherches Appliquées (IMRA). - au laboratoire du Silo National de Graines Forestières (SNGF). - à l’unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM) du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) de Paris Nous adressons nos plus vifs remerciements à Monsieur le Professeur Victor JEANNODA, Directeur de thèse et Directeur de l’Ecole doctorale Sciences de la vie et de l’Environnement, pour son encadrement efficace, sa grande disponibilité et sa patience. Malgré ses multiples responsabilités, il a toujours trouvé le temps de prodiguer ses conseils et son appui à chaque étape de cette thèse, nous faisant bénéficier de sa riche expérience. Ce travail ne serait pas ce qu’il est sans son implication et nous lui en exprimons toute notre gratitude. Nous adressons toute notre reconnaissance à Madame le Professeur Danielle Aurore Doll RAKOTO, Responsable de l’équipe d’accueil Biodiversité et Santé, qui nous a fait le grand honneur d’accepter d’être le rapporteur interne de cette thèse. Malgré ses nombreuses occupations, elle nous a toujours accordé une aide précieuse tout au long de ce travail. En particulier, sa grande rigueur et son sens du détail ont largement contribué à donner sa forme actuelle à ce manuscrit. Nous la remercions vivement pour le temps qu’elle a consacré à corriger les erreurs sur le fond et la forme. Nos chaleureux remerciements vont à Monsieur le Professeur Heriniaina RAMANANKIERANA qui a aimablement accepté d’être le rapporteur externe en mettant sa compétence à contribution. Il nous est agréable d'exprimer nos sincères remerciements à Madame le Professeur Charlotte RALISON qui a bien voulu présider le jury de cette thèse malgré ses multiples engagements. Qu’elle trouve ici l’expression de notre gratitude. Nous remercions vivement Madame le Professeur Julia Louisette RAZANAMPARANY et Monsieur le Professeur Arsène RATSIMBASOA, qui ont si aimablement accepté de juger ce travail. Qu’ils trouvent ici l’expression de notre reconnaissance. Toute notre gratitude va à Monsieur le Professeur Hanitra Ranjàna RANDRIANARIVO pour son aide inestimable, ses nombreux conseils et ses encouragements constants, tout au long de ce travail. Nous adressons nos vifs remerciements à Madame le Professeur Clara RAJEMIARIMOELISOA pour son aide précieuse dans la réalisation des études anatomopathologiques et pour tous ses bons conseils. Nous exprimons toute notre reconnaissance à Madame le Docteur Vahinalahaja Eliane RAZAFINTSALAMA dont les conseils avisés nous ont beaucoup aidés. Tous nos remerciements vont également aux chercheurs du MNHN, notamment à Monsieur le Professeur Bernard BODO pour leur collaboration efficace dans la réalisation des travaux sur la chimie. Nous exprimons tous nos remerciements à Madame le Docteur Clairette RAHARISOLO du Service anatomopathologie de la CBC de l’IPM et toute son équipe, qui nous ont si bien accueillie dans leur laboratoire pour la réalisation des travaux sur l’anatomo-pathologie. Nous tenons également à remercier Monsieur le Professeur David RAMANITRAHASIMBOLA du laboratoire de l’IMRA, toute son équipe et le doctorant Zo RAZAFINDRAKOTO qui ont eu la bienveillance de nous accueillir dans leur laboratoire. Que Madame le Professeur Lolona RAMAMONJISOA, qui a gracieusement fourni les graines d’A. masikororum et nous a également acceuillie dans les laboratoires du SNGF, trouve ici l’expression de notre gratitude. Nous ne saurions oublier de remercier les responsables et personnel des institutions, instituts et centres de recherche qui nous ont accueillie pour leur implication dans ce travail, avec une mention particulière pour le personnel technique de la mention Biochimie Fondamentale et appliquée, qui ont toujours accueilli nos requêtes avec bienveillance et gentillesse. Nous adressons notre affectueuse reconnaissance à nos compagnons de paillasse, Holy, Maholy, Mihaja, Herizo, Lova, Mamihery, Henintsoa, Herimanana, Lily et Jonathan pour toute l’aide, les conseils, les encouragements, la bonne ambiance et surtout l’amitié qu’ils ont apportés, merci infiniment. Nous leur souhaitons une belle carrière scientifique et une vie familiale réussie. Enfin, un grand merci à tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à la réalisation de ce travail. MERCI TABLE DES MATIERES GLOSSAIRE ............................................................................................................................... i LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ................................................................................................. ii LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................................ iii LISTE DES TABLEAUX ......................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION GENERALE ............................................................................................... 1 CHAPITRE I : SYNTHÈSE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE .............................................................. 3 I.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 I.2 GENERALITES SUR LES ORGANISMES NUISIBLES.......................................... 3 I.2.1 DEFINITION .............................................................................................................. 3 I.2.2 EXEMPLES DE DEGATS CAUSES PAR LES ORGANISMES NUISIBLES ....... 3 I.2.3 MOYENS DE LUTTE CONTRE LES ORGANISMES NUISIBLES ...................... 4 I.3 GENERALITES SUR LES PHYTOTOXINES ........................................................... 5 I.3.1 NATURES ET ROLES BIOLOGIQUES .................................................................. 5 I.3.2 UTILISATIONS EMPIRIQUES DES TOXINES ..................................................... 5 I.3.3 UTILISATIONS A DES FINS DE RECHERCHE OU THERAPEUTIQUES ......... 6 I.3.4 UTILISATIONS EN TANT QUE PESTICIDES ...................................................... 7 I.4 GENERALITES SUR LE GENRE Albizia ................................................................... 7 I.4.1 DONNEES BOTANIQUES SUR LE GENRE Albizia .............................................. 7 I.4.2 USAGES TRADITIONNELS DE QUELQUES ESPÈCES D’Albizia ..................... 8 I.4.3 LES FAMILLES CHIMIQUES RENCONTREES DANS LE GENRE .................. 10 I.4.3.1 Les espèces malgaches ..................................................................................... 10 I.4.3.2 Les espèces étrangères ..................................................................................... 10 I.4.4 PROPRIETES PHARMACOLOGIQUES ET BIOLOGIQUES DES Albizia ........ 13 I.4.4.1 Propriétés pharmacologiques des espèces malgaches .................................. 13 I.4.4.2 Propriétés pharmacologiques des espèces étrangères .................................. 13 I.5 GENERALITES SUR LES PRINCIPAUX CONSTITUANTS D’Albizia masikororum ... 15 I.5.1 GENERALITES SUR LES SAPONOSIDES .......................................................... 15 I.5.1.1 Définition .......................................................................................................... 15 I.5.1.2 Classification .................................................................................................... 16 I.5.1.3 Propriétés pharmacologiques et biologiques ................................................. 18 I.5.1.4 Applications industrielles des saponosides d’origine végétale ..................... 19 I.5.2 GENERALITES SUR LES FLAVONOÏDES ......................................................... 21 I.5.2.1 Définition .......................................................................................................... 21 I.5.2.2 Classification .................................................................................................... 21 I.5.2.3 Propriétés pharmacologiques et biologiques ................................................. 21 CHAPITRE II : PREPARATION ET CHIMIE DES EXTRAITS ...................................... 23 II.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 23 II.2 LE MATERIEL UTILISE .......................................................................................... 23 II.2.1 DESCRIPTION BOTANIQUE D’ALBIZIA MASIKORORUM R. Vig. ................
Recommended publications
  • A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1977 A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) James Andrew Lackey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Lackey, James Andrew, "A synopsis of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) " (1977). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5832. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5832 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • Calabar Bean) 1John Bull E.O
    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH © 2013, Science Huβ, http://www.scihub.org/AJSIR ISSN: 2153-649X, doi:10.5251/ajsir.2013.4.2.226.230 Isolation, characterisation and anti-cholinesterase activities of Physostigma venenosum (Calabar bean) 1John Bull E.O. and 2Ikpa, C.B.C.* 1Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. 2Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT Chemical investigation of the anticholenestrases activity of the seeds of physostigma venenosum (ordeal or calabar bean, esere bean or calabar bohme) resulted in the isolation of sangainarine N-diglycoside. The structure of the compound was established using NMR spectroscopy of (1H, 13C, COSY, DEPT and HSQC) in combination with IR and MS spectral data. The seed of the plant was extracted by percolation using ethanol. The extract was partitioned to obtain chloroform, water, methanol, and pet-ether fractions. The chloroform fraction was discovered as the most active fraction in anticholinesterase activity. The compound displayed a very high anticholinesterase activity (99.5%) in an in vitro test. The result did not support the use of physostigma venenosum as an ordeal poison by the Calabar people of Nigeria to justify person accused of witch craft. Keywords: Physostigma venenosum, Anticholinesterase, Huperzin ‘A’, Enzyme assay INTRODUCTION alkaloid extracted from physostigma venenosium have higher cholinesterase inhibitory activities when Most micro organisms and pest
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Crude Drug, Plant Families, Biogenesis of Phytochemicals
    1 Sources of Crude Drug, Plant Families, Biogenesis of Phytochemicals SOURCES OF CRUDE DRUG Plant Oldest source of drugs. 25% of the drugs prescribed worldwide come from plants More than 200 drugs considered as basic and essential by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Significant number of synthetic drugs obtained from natural precursors. Example: Digoxin from Digitalis species, quinine and quinidine from Cinchona species, vincristrine and vinblastine from Catharanthus roseus, atropine from Atropa belladonna and morphine and codeine from Papaver somniferum. Animal Second largest source of crude drugs. Example: Honey from honeybee, beeswax from bees, cod liver oil from shark, bufalin from toad, animal pancreas is a source of Insulin, musk oil from musk, spermaceti wax from sperm whale, woolfat from sheep, carminic acid from colchineal, venoms from snake Mineral Highly purified form of naturally occurring mineral substances is used in medicine Example: Sulphur is a key ingredient in certain bacteriostatic drugs, shilajit is used as tonic, calamine is used as anti-itching agent Marine Major part of earth is covered with water bodies and hence bioactive compounds from marine flora and fauna (microorganisms, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and 1 Contd… 2 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry: A Companion Handbook vertebrates) have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases Marine Serve as compounds of interest both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. Several molecules isolated from various
    [Show full text]
  • Plants in Medicine
    University of Pretoria.etd CHAPTER 2 2. PLANTS IN MEDICINE 2.1 APPROACHES TO PLANT-DERIVED DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2.1.1 Brief history Fossils of plants date back as early as 3.2 billion years ago. These plants provided the foundation upon which animal life and later, human life were based on. They provide bodybuilding food and calories as well as vitamins essential for metabolic regulation. Plants also yield active principles employed as medicines [Shultes, 1992]. Finding healing powers in plants is an ancient idea. Hundreds, if not thousands, of indigenous plants have been used by people on all continents as poultices and infusions dating back to prehistory. There is evidence of Neanderthals, living 60 000 years ago in present-day Iraq, using hollyhock (Alcea rosea L.), which is still in ethnomedicinal use around the world today [Cowan, 1999]. The Bible offers descriptions of at least 30 healing plants of which frankincense (Boswellia sacra L.) and myrrh (Commiphora myrrha L.) were employed as mouthwashes due to their reported antiseptic properties. The fall of ancient civilisations resulted in the destruction or loss of much of the documentation of plant pharmaceuticals but many cultures continued in the excavation of the older works as well as building upon them. Native Americans were reported to have used 1625 species of plants as food while 2564 found use as drugs, while the Europeans started turning towards botanicals when treatment in the 1800s became dangerous and ineffective [Cowan, 1999]. Today some 1500 species of medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used in Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom [Hoareau, 1999].
    [Show full text]
  • Hahnemannian Proving and Clinical Verification of Caesalpinia Sappan
    Hahnemannian Proving and Clinical Verification of Caesalpinia Sappan Dr Mohamed Muneer MD(Hom) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The elation and gratification of this proving will be incomplete without mentioning all personalities who helped me to make it possible whose gratitude and encouragement were invaluable to me. I am eternally grateful to all the teachers ,students and staff who had cooperated with me wholeheartedly in this endeavour. Dr. A.Esmail sait, my respected guide, the retired Principal of our college ,was the beacon of light who guided me through this difficult venture. His assurance that this was the best contribution I could give back to Homoeopathy was my constant inspiration. Dr.T.Abdul Rahman,Principal,and Dr. N.S. Valsala Kumari, HOD (Dept. of Materia Medica ) and Superintendent, Government Homoeopathic Medical college, Calicut., made necessary arrangements for the proper conduct of the proving and clinical verification. I am indebted to Dr. Nisha Paul, Professor ,Organon of Medicine and Chairperson ,Ethical Committee and other ethical committee members who granted me the permission at the earliest , to start the proving . I owe great gratitude to Dr. Krishnamurthy, the senior scientist and vice Chairman of Consultancy processing cell of Indian Institute Spices Research, , Calicut . He aided me through the difficult part of drug proving like Thin Layer Chromatography ( TLC) , Standardisation of mother tincture etc. I extend my gratitude to Mr. Sibi. research fellow of Indian Institute Spices Research, Kozhikode. www.similima.com Page 1 Dr. K.S.Gopi , Head of Department and Dr. Sunil Raj,Lecturer , of Pharmacy Department Government Homoeopathic Medical college, Calicut, guided me to select the medicine for proving and preparation of medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation
    Darwin Initiative Award 15/036: Monitoring and Managing Biodiversity Loss in South-East Africa's Montane Ecosystems MT MABU, MOZAMBIQUE: BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION November 2012 Jonathan Timberlake, Julian Bayliss, Françoise Dowsett-Lemaire, Colin Congdon, Bill Branch, Steve Collins, Michael Curran, Robert J. Dowsett, Lincoln Fishpool, Jorge Francisco, Tim Harris, Mirjam Kopp & Camila de Sousa ABRI african butterfly research in Forestry Research Institute of Malawi Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 2 Front cover: Main camp in lower forest area on Mt Mabu (JB). Frontispiece: View over Mabu forest to north (TT, top); Hermenegildo Matimele plant collecting (TT, middle L); view of Mt Mabu from abandoned tea estate (JT, middle R); butterflies (Lachnoptera ayresii) mating (JB, bottom L); Atheris mabuensis (JB, bottom R). Photo credits: JB – Julian Bayliss CS ‒ Camila de Sousa JT – Jonathan Timberlake TT – Tom Timberlake TH – Tim Harris Suggested citation: Timberlake, J.R., Bayliss, J., Dowsett-Lemaire, F., Congdon, C., Branch, W.R., Collins, S., Curran, M., Dowsett, R.J., Fishpool, L., Francisco, J., Harris, T., Kopp, M. & de Sousa, C. (2012). Mt Mabu, Mozambique: Biodiversity and Conservation. Report produced under the Darwin Initiative Award 15/036. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London. 94 pp. Biodiversity of Mt Mabu, Mozambique, page 3 LIST OF CONTENTS List of Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Albizia Amara - a Potential Medicinal Plant: a Review
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2014): 5.611 Albizia amara - A Potential Medicinal Plant: A Review G. Indravathi1, 2, R. Sreekanth Reddy3, Pakala Suresh Babu3 1Department of Biotechnology, K.V.R. Govt. College for Women, Kurnool-518 002, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur-515 001, Andhra Pradesh, India 3Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh-515 001, India Abstract: Albizia amara is an important medicinal plant found throughout India. The entire plant possesses pharmaceutical constituents of great significance. The present article gives an update on bioactive compounds and medicinal importance of Albizia amara. This plant has been used as an important folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases like diarrhea, gonorrhea, skin diseases, poisonous bites and leprosy. Further, phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of wide variety of bioactive compounds such as macrocyclic spermine alkaloids, triterpene saponins, phenols, flavonyl glycosides, tannins, sterols in the plant extract of A. amara. In addition, the plant extract possess the pharmacological properties like anticancer, antihyperlipidimic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic and antioxidant activities. Because of the presence of several phytoconstituents, pharmacological activities and wide distribution, this will be an ideal plant resource for the treatment of several endemic diseases. Keywords: Albizia amara, Medicinal Plant, Bioactive compounds,Pharmacological Properties 1. Introduction is present in the dry regions of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka (Chakrabarthy T et al., 1996). The genuses Albizia is represented by more than 100 species and are mainly confined to tropical and sub- tropical regions Morphology of Asia, Africa and Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Amani Nature Reserve
    TECHNICAL PAPER 52 Amani Nature Reserve A biodiversity survey Frontier Tanzania 2001 East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme Technical Paper 52 Amani Nature Reserve A biodiversity survey Doody, K. Z., Howell, K. M., and Fanning, E. (eds.) Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania Forestry and Beekeeping Division Department of International Frontier-Tanzania Development Co-operation, Finland University of Dar es Salaam Metsähallitus Consulting Society for Environmental Exploration Tanga 2001 © Metsähallitus - Forest and Park Service Cover painting: Jaffary Aussi (1995) ISBN 9987-646-08-5 Suggested citation: Frontier Tanzania 2001. Doody. K. Z., Howell, K. M., and Fanning, E. (eds.). Amani Nature Reserve: A biodiversity survey. East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme Technical Paper No. 52. Frontier Tanzania; Forestry and Beekeeping Division and Metsähallitus Consulting , Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Vantaa, Finland. East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme (EUCAMP) The East Usambara rain forests are one of the most valuable conservation areas in Africa. Several plant and animal species are found only in the East Usambara mountains. The rain forests secure the water supply of 200,000 people and the local people in the mountains depend on these forests. The East Usambara Conservation Area Management Programme has established the Amani Nature Reserve and aims; at protecting water sources; establishing and protecting forest reserves; sustaining villager’s benefits from the forest; and rehabilitating the Amani Botanical Garden. The programme is implemented by the Forestry and Beekeeping Division of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Touris m with financial support from the Government of Finland, and implementation support from the Finnish Forest and Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto De Biologia
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS Instituto de Biologia TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? CAMPINAS 2020 TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA COMO A VARIAÇÃO NO NÚMERO CROMOSSÔMICO PODE INDICAR RELAÇÕES EVOLUTIVAS ENTRE A CAATINGA, O CERRADO E A MATA ATLÂNTICA? Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Vegetal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Roberto Martins ESTE ARQUIVO DIGITAL CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO TIAGO PEREIRA RIBEIRO DA GLORIA E ORIENTADA PELO PROF. DR. FERNANDO ROBERTO MARTINS. CAMPINAS 2020 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Biologia Mara Janaina de Oliveira - CRB 8/6972 Gloria, Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da, 1988- G514c GloComo a variação no número cromossômico pode indicar relações evolutivas entre a Caatinga, o Cerrado e a Mata Atlântica? / Tiago Pereira Ribeiro da Gloria. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. GloOrientador: Fernando Roberto Martins. GloDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia. Glo1. Evolução. 2. Florestas secas. 3. Florestas tropicais. 4. Poliploide. 5. Ploidia. I. Martins, Fernando Roberto, 1949-. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Biologia. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: How can chromosome number
    [Show full text]
  • TAXONOMIA DO GÊNERO Albizia (LEGUMINOSAE) NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL ______
    TAXONOMIA DO GÊNERO Albizia (LEGUMINOSAE) NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL ___________________________________________________________________ Aparecida Silveira da Silva1, José Martins Fernandes2, Célia Regina Araújo Soares Lopes3 1Graduanda em Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Ciências Biológicas, UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. 2Professor da Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Agrárias (Orientador), UNEMAT, Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. E-mail: [email protected] 3Professora da Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Agrárias (Coorientadora). UNEMAT, curadora do HERBAM, Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso. Recebido em: 06/04/2019 – Aprovado em: 10/06/2019 – Publicado em: 30/06/2019 DOI: 10.18677/EnciBio_2019A150 ___________________________________________________________________ RESUMO O trabalho apresenta o estudo taxonômico do gênero Albizia (Leguminosae) no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, realizado entre os meses de Junho de 2018 à março de 2019, no Laboratório de Morfologia Vegetal do Herbário da Amazônia Meridional (HERBAM), localizado no município de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, baseado em espécimes coletados na região e/ou depositados no HERBAM. O trabalho apresenta chave de identificação para às sete espécies que ocorrem no estado, seis nativas (A. decandra, A. duckeana, A. inundata, A. niopoides, A. pedicellaris, A. subdimidiata) e uma introduzida (A. lebbeck), diagnoses e/ou sinopses morfológicas, fotos e distribuição geográfica para as espécies. Amplia a distribuição
    [Show full text]
  • Rangelands, Western Australia
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Status of the Vascular Plants in East African Rain Forests
    Conservation status of the vascular plants in East African rain forests Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft des Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vorgelegt am 29. April 2011 von Katja Rembold geb. am 07.02.1980 in Neuss Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott Conservation status of the vascular plants in East African rain forests Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft des Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vorgelegt am 29. April 2011 von Katja Rembold geb. am 07.02.1980 in Neuss Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott Early morning hours in Kakamega Forest, Kenya. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents V 1 General introduction 1 1.1 Biodiversity and human impact on East African rain forests 2 1.2 African epiphytes and disturbance 3 1.3 Plant conservation 4 Ex-situ conservation 5 1.4 Aims of this study 6 2 Study areas 9 2.1 Kakamega Forest, Kenya 10 Location and abiotic components 10 Importance of Kakamega Forest for Kenyan biodiversity 12 History, population pressure, and management 13 Study sites within Kakamega Forest 16 2.2 Budongo Forest, Uganda 18 Location and abiotic components 18 Importance of Budongo Forest for Ugandan biodiversity 19 History, population pressure, and management 20 Study sites within Budongo Forest 21 3 The vegetation of East African rain forests and impact
    [Show full text]