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LETICIA FREIRE DE OLIVEIRA.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ LETÍCIA FREIRE DE OLIVEIRA ESTUDO QUÍMICO, PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES, BIOLÓGICAS, ANTITUMORAL E HEPATOPROTETORA DAS PARTES AÉREAS DE Croton glandulosus Linnaeus., Euphorbiaceae CURITIBA 2020 LETÍCIA FREIRE DE OLIVEIRA ESTUDO QUÍMICO, PROPRIEDADES ANTIOXIDANTES, BIOLÓGICAS, ANTITUMORAL E HEPATOPROTETORA DAS PARTES AÉREAS DE Croton glandulosus Linnaeus., Euphorbiaceae Tese apresentada ao curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Setor de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marilis Dallarmi Miguel. Coorientadora: Dra. Cristiane Da Silva Paula Oliveira CURITIBA 2020 Oliveira, Letícia Freire de Estudo químico, propriedades antioxidantes, biológicas, antitumoral e hepatoprotetora das partes aéreas de Croton glandulosus Linnaeus., Euphorbiaceae [recurso eletrônico] / Letícia Freire de Oliveira – Curitiba, 2020. Tese (doutorado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2020. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marilis Dallarmi Miguel Coorientadora: Dra. Cristiane da Silva Paula Oliveira 1. Euphorbiaceae. 2. Vitexina. 3. Anti-hemolíticos. 4. Neutrófilos. 5. Antineoplásicos. I. Miguel, Marilis Dallarmi. II. Oliveira, Cristiane da Silva Paula. III. Universidade Federal do Paraná. IV. Título. CDD 615.321 Leonardo Talone Neto CRB 9/1977 AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço a Deus e Nossa Senhora, por me dar forças nos momentos de fraqueza, esperanças nos momentos difíceis e me iluminar nos dias mais complicados e obscuros. A fé tem sido meu guia, escudo e fortaleza em todos os dias, durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Agradeço a Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas e professores que contribuíram para meu crescimento profissional. Em especial, à minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Marilis Dallarmi Miguel, por ter me cedido a oportunidade de executar este projeto, pelos conhecimentos repassados, amizade, paciência e orientação. Agradeço aos Professores Dr. Obdulio Gomes Miguel, Dra. Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias, Dra. Sandra Zanin, Dra. Cristiane Silva de Paula e Profa. Msc. Madalena, pelos momentos únicos em nosso laboratório e compartilhamento de seus conhecimentos sempre com muita disposição e paciência. Agradeço aos meus amigos do grupo de pesquisa em produtos naturais, pelos momentos de descontração e apoio. E aqueles que de alguma forma contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho e meu crescimento profissional. Agradeço em especial, aos amigos que me auxiliaram em diversas análises: Carolina Sette, Beatriz Hirota, Angela Maria, Francis Merino, Vinicius Bednarczuk, Ranieri Campos, Luciana Gibbert, Eliane Adami, Fernando Betim, Gustavo Bellei, Juliana Swiech, Marina Piltz, Daniela Folquitto, Lismaíra Garcia, Patrícia Bachiega e Walmes Zeviani. Agradeço aos alunos de iniciação científica, aos quais contribuíram para realização de alguns ensaios; Aline Bianchini, Marco Franceschini e Leonardo Gonçalves. Agradeço aos meus amigos; Carolina Sette, Luciana Gibbert, Cristiane Paula, Marjory Menezes, Samantha D. Golin Pacheco e Marcela Bosio, pela amizade e por sempre me darem forças para continuar em uma cidade diferente, longe da família, onde a amizade torna-se muito importante, principalmente nos dias de angustias. Agradeço à Profa. Dra. Graciele Campelo Borges, do Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal da Paraiba, pela contribuição e parceria na realização do ensaio de ORAC. Ao Prof. Dr. Ângelo da Silva Cabral e alunos do Laboratório dee Estatística Aplicada – LEA da UFPR, pela ajuda e suporte no delineamento estatístico. Agradeço às professoras Dra. Alexandra Acco, Dra. Eliane Adami e aos alunos do grupo de pesquisa de metabolismo e toxicologia do Departamento de Farmacologia da UFPR, pela parceria na realização dos testes farmacológicos, ao tempo dedicado para a realização deste trabalho, bem como a paciência e orientação. Agradeço ao professor Dr. Paulo Wunder do Departamento de Farmácia da UFPR, pela contribuição e ensinamentos na realização dos ensaios imunológicos. Ao Professor Dr. Renato Silva de Sousa do Departamento de Medicina Veterinária da UFPR, pelo apoio e suporte com as análises histológicas. Agradeço à Professora Dra. Patrícia Maria Stuelp Campelo, à Profa. Dra. Selene Elifio Esposito do Program de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), e à aluna de iniciação científica Salloá Moura pela ajuda e apoio com os ensaios de viabilidade celular com neuroblastoma humano. Agradeço ao Engenheiro Florestal do Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba, Marcelo Leandro Brotto pela identificação do material botânico. Aos técnicos Graça, Paulo e Maurício, pelo auxílio e cordialidade. Também aos secretários Jean Godoi, Ednéia e Gustavo, pela pronta disposição nos atendimentos enquanto secretários da pós-graduação. Aos servidores e funcionários da Universidade Federal do Paraná, pela prestação de serviços que contribuíram nesta jornada. Ao Departamento de Química da Universidade Federal do Paraná pelos realização do ensaios de ressonância magnética nuclear e CG/MS. Agradeço aos meus pais, Luiz Sérgio de Oliveira e Fátima Freire de Oliveira, que sempre estiveram presentes na minha formação como pessoa, e sempre me deram apoio na minha formação profissional. Ao meu irmão Rafael Freire de Oliveira e demais familiares e amigos, que tanto me incentivaram e torceram por mim. E em especial, ao meu namorado Hendrick E.V. de Sousa, pelos momentos de alegria, pelo amor, carinho, paciência e por sempre estar presente e me apoiando e incentivando os meus projetos. Agradeço à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pelo auxílio financeiro (Código de Financiamento 001) e demais pessoas, que não foram citadas, mas que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente na elaboração deste trabalho ou participaram da minha vida, e que, por ventura, eu tenha me esquecido de agradecer. SALMO 91 2 Direi do Senhor: Ele é o meu Deus, o meu refúgio, a minha fortaleza, e nele confiarei. 7 Mil cairão ao teu lado, e dez mil à tua direita, mas não chegará a ti. 10 Nenhum mal te sucederá, nem praga alguma chegará à tua tenda. 11 Porque aos seus anjos dará ordem a teu respeito, para te guardarem em todos os teus caminhos. 12 Eles te sustentarão nas suas mãos, para que não tropeces com o teu pé em pedra. RESUMO O gênero Croton pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, possui substâncias ativas como terpenoides, flavonoides e alcaloides, sendo suas espécies frequentemente empregadas na medicina popular. A espécie Croton glandulosus L. é amplamente distribuída no continente Americano, principalmente no Brasil, encontrada nos mais diversos ambientes. É considerada uma planta daninha que possui a capacidade de produzir substâncias químicas, as quais apresentam-se interessantes para o estudo e desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a investigar a composição fitoquímica, realizar ensaios de toxicidade preliminar, avaliar as atividades biológicas e farmacológicas da espécie. O extrato etanólico e frações das partes aéreas demonstraram a presença de esteroides, triterpenos, polifenóis, flavonoides, taninos e cumarinas. Foi realizado o isolamento, identificação e quantificação do flavonoide vitexina, e a verificar o potencial alelopático e ausência de toxicidade preliminar. O extrato etanólico e frações apresentaram capacidade antioxidante, capacidade anti-hemolítica, ativação de neutrófilos humanos e redução da proliferação celular de neuroblastoma humanos, em ensaio de MTT. Ensaios farmacológicos com o extrato etanólico, fração acetato de etila e vitexina, demonstraram efeito antitumoral in vivo em modelo de tumor de Ehrlich, efeito hepatoprotetor e redução do estresse oxidativo, induzido por CCl4. Dessa forma, verificou-se o potencial biológico e farmacológico da espécie, para aplicação em diversas áreas de interesse agronômico, veterinário, cosmética, alimentícia e farmacêutica. Palavras-chave: Euphorbiaceae. Vitexina. Anti-hemolíticos. Neutrófilos. Antineoplásicos. ABSTRACT The genus Croton from Euphorbiaceae Family, has active substances such as terpenoids, flavonoids and alkaloids, and its species are frequently used in folk medicine. Croton glandulosus is widely distributed in the American continent, mainly in Brazil, found in many different environments. It is considered a weed without economic or physiological benefit for the population, however, this plant has the ability to produce allelopathic substances with interest in the study and development of new drugs. In this context, we investigate the phytochemical composition, preliminary toxicity potential, biological and pharmacological activities of the species. Isolation, identification and quantification of the flavonoid vitexina, present in the plant, were performed. The extracts and fractions of the aerial parts showed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and coumarins. Allelopathic potential and absence of preliminary toxicity were verified. Extracts and fractions showed antioxidant capacity and in sheep erythrocytes, action on human neutrophils and reduction of human neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Pharmacological tests with crude extract, ethyl acetate and vitexina isolated, demonstrated in vivo antitumor effect in Ehrlich tumor model, hepatoprotective effect and
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