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Insects 9F Micronesia Lepidoptera

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Insects 9F Micronesia Lepidoptera Micronesica 28(2): 131-151, 1996 [Insects of Micronesia 9(3): 157--177] Insects 9f Micronesia Vol~e 9, no. 3 Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae Laboratory ofInsect Management, Faculty ofAgriculture. Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753, Japan J. F. GATES CLARKE2 Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA and YUTAKA YOSHIYASU Laboratory ofEntomology, Faculty ofAgriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606, Japan Abstract-The Micronesian fauna ofPterophoridae (Lepidoptera) com­ prising 11 species belonging to 2 subfamilies is presented. Ten species among them are redescribed or illustrated based on about 200 speci­ mens. One species, Lantanophaga pusi/lidactyla has been introduced to several islands to control the weed Lantana camara. A key to the species is provided. Introduction The Micronesian Pterophoridae, commonly called airplane moths, or plume moths, have not been well studied, probably due to a paucity of material. Only 4 species have been previously recorded from the area. Hori (1936) recorded Deu­ terocopus socotranus and Megalorhipi'(:la defectalis from Saipan and Palau. Mon­ zen (1951) listed Sphenarches anisodat;tylus in his list of the Bonin Islands insect fauna based on the record ofHori (19150). This is, however, an erroneous citation since Hori (1950) did not mention the Bonin Islands for the distribution of this species. The second species, D. socotr&nus, recorded by Hori (1936) is referred to D. planeta in the present paper. Nakane (1970) listed S. anisodactylus from the Bonin Islands. Lantanophaga pusillidactyla (Walker) was introduced to Pohnpei in 1948 and then to Palau from Pohnpei in 1960 for biological control ofLantana camara (Schreiner 1990). This species1was found on Yap in 1987-1988 (Muniap- I Present address: Asakura-cho 11-23, Yamaguchi 753, Japan. 2 Deceased September, 1990 [1571 132 Micronesica 28(2), 1996 pan 1990), and distributed on all islands of the Mariana and Caroline Islands where Lantana was present except Aguijan of the Mariana Islands (Denton et al. 1991a, b). In the present paper, 10 species belonging to 2 subfamilies are redescribed or illustrated based on about 200 specimens preserved in the Bishop Museum and other institutions in addition to the one pre~iously recorded species. Three species examined here were reared from host plants, but possess no biological data. The present paper provides distributional data of the family in Micronesia with mor­ phological notes. The following symbols indicate museums in which specimens are deposited: Bishop (Bishop Museum), KU (Kyushu University), USNM (United States Na­ tional Museum), and YU (Yamaguchi University). We are indebted to the au­ thorities of these institutions and Mr. A.· Kawabe who kindly gave the Bonin Islands material to the first author (KY). Distribution From the standpoint of distribution (Table 1), several features of the Micro­ nesian species may be noted: (1) Sphenarches anisodactylus and Megalorhipida defectalis are the most dominant species among the Micronesian Pterophoridae. These species are widely distributed, both in Micronesia and outside that region. (2) Three species of the genus Pterophorus are found in Micronesia, though two of these are known from only one island. The genus is also dominant in Polynesia (Yano 1963b), which indicates that this ad"anced group (Yano 1990, Gielis 1993) shows greatest distribution in the Pacific area. (3) Among the island groups, Guam and Palau have the richest fauna of the f~mily. This is to be expected because these islands are the largest (Guam) and topographically most diverse (Palau) in Micronesia. In contrast, the Bonin Islands show a poor fauna comprising only one species, S. anisodactylus. Saipan, the second largest island of Micronesia, also has M. defectalis and L. pusillidactyla. More species are expected to occur on these islands, especially on Saipan. (4) No species are known to be endemic to Micronesia, as would be expected. (5) Three species, Platyptiliafarfarella, Sphen­ arches anisodactylus and Oidaematophorus hirosakianus, are mainly Palearcticspe­ cies which suggests less Palearctic migration into the area occurred in comparison with the greater influx from the Oriental region. There appear to be no extensive collections ofMicronesian Microlepidoptera, especially Pterophoridae; consequently m<l>re species are expected to be found. Among those expected are: Ochyrotica bretiapex Gielis and Cosmoclostis species, especially C. lamprosema Fletcher. Systematics Key to Micronesian species of Pterophoridae 1. Forewing trifid Deuterocopus planeta Forewing bifid 2 2(1). Lobe 2 of hindwing with 3 veins and lobe 3 with 1 vein 3 11581 Table I. Distribution of Micronesian Pterophoridae. Micronesian Island Groups Pohn- Wake Mar- Gilbert III-< P Bonin Saipan Tinian Rota Guam Palau Yap Chuuk pei Kosrae I. shall Is. Other regions 0 ~ Platyptiliinae ~ I. Deuteraeopus planeta X Oriental, Australian :::s' .., 2. Platyptiliafarfarella X XX Palearctic "0 >0 --3. Lantanophaga pusillidaetyla X X X--X-X - X X' X X Oriental,'Neofropical - ::r -;:: 0 til 4. Nippoptilia minor X Palearctic ~ ~ 5. Sphenarehes anisadaetylus X XX X X X Cosmopolitan III " 6. Exelastis pumilia XX Oriental, Ethiopian, Nearctic ~ 7. Megalorhipida defeetalis X XXX XXX Oriental, Australian, Ethiopian, "Cl EJ Nearctic, Neotropical p Pterophorinae "~ 8. Oidaematophorus X Palearctic 0 50 hirosakianus ~ 9. Pterophorus niveodaetyla X Oriental, Australian 10. Pterophorus dellticulata X Oriental 11. Pteraphorus sufJiata X X X Palearctic, Oriental, Australian w ­w 136 Micronesica 28(2), 1996 present specimen differs from the origin~l description and the figure given by Fletcher (1910) in the following characte s: the suffused stripes and transverse bands on the abdomen are obscure in this specimen. D. socotranus in not known to occur in Micronesia. 2. Piatyptilia farfarella (Zeller) Figs. 1, 7 Platypti!us farfarellus Zeller, 1867: 334. Platyptilia gonodactyla, Hori (nec Denis e SchifO, 1934: 120. Platyptiliafarfarella, Yano, 1963: 107, fig . 3c, 4g, 28-31; Inoue, 1982: 406, pI. 49, fig. 1. Platyptilia (Platyptilia) farfarella, Hannemann, 1977: 42, fig. 7. Male and female. Length offorewing: 16.2-7 mm. Wing length is shorter than that of Japanese specimens, but markings 'are similar. Black scales or scale tufts of inner margins of forewing and lobe 3 of hindwing are less distinct in Micro­ nesian specimens. Male genitalia. Tegumen thick and broad, parallel-sided in dorsal view, con­ cave in posterior portion mid-dorsally. Vinculum short and narrow; saccus poorly developed. Uncus strongly curved downwards, with several dorso-Iateral setae, apical 1/3 abruptly narrowed and constricted laterally. Anal tube indistinct. Val­ vae symmetrical, long, with numerous scale-like setae on inner surface; sacculus broad and extending to near apex, with short setae throughout: harpe absent. Phallus long and curved, with coecum penis and basal process stout; vesica with­ outcomutus. Juxta well developed, with two pairs ofnarrow arms ofwhich lateral one has a process and a few setae inside. Specimens examined: MARIANA IS.: 100, Guam, Commander Marianas' Hill, iii. 1949, K. L. Maeh1er (USNM). FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA: 6 0, 1ex (abd. missing), Truk, Moen, 0-100 ft, 31. vii. 1948, Townes, at light (USNM); 1 0, Truk, To1oas-Erin, 14. xi. 1937, T. Esaki (KU); 1 0, Ponape, Mata1anim-Nipit, 12. i. 1938, T. Esaki (KU); 4 0, Ponape, Matalanim, 11. i. 1938, T. Esaki (KU); 1 0 1 9, Ponape, Paliker-Ronkiti, 17. vii. 1939. T. Esaki (KU); 3 9, Ponape, Kolonia-Paliker, 16. vii. 1939, T. Esaki (KU); 1 0, Ponape, 6 mi E Colonia, low elev., 13. xii. 1976, J. F. G. & T. M. Clarke (USNM); 10, ibid., xii. 1976, J. F. G. & T. M. Clarke (USNM). Distribution: Japan, Micronesia, Eurqpe. The male genitalia ofa specimen from' Guam agree with the Palearctic spec­ imens, though the caudal margin of the vinculum is slightly different as shown in Fig. 7B (cf. Fig. 28a in Yano 1963a). The Micronesian specimens examined are identified at present as P. farfarella. 3. Lantanophaga pusillidactyla (Walker) Oxyptilus pusillidactylus Walker, 1864: 934; Bigot, 1964: 159. Platyptilia tecnidion Zeller, 1877: 468, pI. 6, fig. 162. (162) Yano et a1.: Pterophoridae (Airplane Moths) 137 Figure 7. Male genitalia ofPlatyptili'afarfarella (Zeller). A. Lateral view, left valva removed; B. ventral view; C. tegumen and uncus, dorsal view; D. juxta, ventral view. Scale: 0.25 mm. Platyptilia hemimetra Meyrick, 1886: 18. Platyptilia lantana Busck, 1914: 103. Platyptilia lantanadactyla Amsel, 1952: 66, fig. Lantanophaga pusillidactyla, Zimmerman, 1958: 402, fig. 336; Landry & Gielis, 1992: 8, figs. 3, 20, 31. Platyptiliapusillidactyla, Fletcher, 1909: 13, pI. A, fig. 2; Yano, 1963: 853, 867. [163) 138 Micronesica 28(2), 1996 Distribution: Micronesia, India, Sri Lanka, Solomon Is., Hawaiian Is., West Indies, Reunion, Seychelles. This is the most widely distributed species in Micronesia, partially through artificial introduction since this species is a biological control agent of a serious weed, Lantana. No specimens of this species, however, were found in the present material. 4. Nippoptilia minor Hori Figs. 2, 8, 9 Nippoptilia minor Hori, 1933: 68, 70, fig. 4; Yano, 1961: 76, figs. 3, 4E, pI. 18, fig. J; Yano, 1963: 143, figs. 57-59; Inoue, 1982: 408, pI. 49, fig. 17. Stenoptilia minor, Inoue, 1955: 116; Esaki, .1957: 91, pI. 16, fig. 507. Male and female. Length of forewing: 3.6 mm. Both lobes of forewing with basal part pale yellowish brown with scattered brown scales; lobe I
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