DOCSLIB.ORG

Regulation of Mining in the East African Community in the Context of Globalisation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Regulation of Mining in the East African Community in the Context of Globalisation REGULATION OF MINING IN THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALISATION PhD Dissertation Emmanuel MUSHIMIYIMANA Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Katja WERTHMANN Institute for African Studies Faculty of History, Arts and Area Studies University of Leipzig, German Leipzig, 29.07.2019 Dedication To almighty God, To my family and friends, I dedicate this PhD thesis. ii AKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to acknowledge the warm welcome that Rwanda Mining, Petroleum and Gas Board gave me while doing fieldwork in Rwanda. I recognise the time given to me by different employees of the institution during interview period. Furthermore, I am grateful to employees from Tanzania Ministry of Energy and Minerals who accepted to talk to me and provided some written data on recent mining acts of 2018. Many thanks to people from Uganda who accepted talking to me during interview period. I would like to acknowledge the host families in Tanzania including that of Felix Mlay and Dr. Kibona who accepted to host me in their home place during my stay in Dodoma and in Dar-es-Salaam. Their family neighbours and relatives showed me a warm welcome. I am very grateful to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Katja Werthmann and her colleagues from the African studies institute and SEPT programme, for the support and encouragement. I acknowledge your endeavours and guidance. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Rainer Schmidt for his moral and academic support to me and to the other PhD students from Rwanda. His effort shows not only academic and professional support but also the will to help Rwandans in capacity building. Many thanks to my editor and proof-reader Miss Harriet Gardner. Your tireless endeavour to read and correct my texts was helpful to make my dissertation readable. I acknowledge institutions that supported me in this scholarship including the Government of Rwanda, the Government of Germany, DAAD, the Ministry of Education, Rwanda Education Board, the University of Rwanda and the University of Leipzig. May God bless you all! iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACCRONYMS ADF: Allied Democratic Forces composed of National Army for Liberation of Uganda, the Uganda Muslim Liberation Army, and Tablighi Jamaat Movement AFRICOM: African Command (USA) AGOA: African Growth and Opportunity Act AIP: Autarkic Industrial Policy ASM: Artisan and Small-Scale Mining AU: African Union BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation BHP Billion: Austro-British Mining Company BIG: Basic Income Grant (Namibia) BMM: Burundi Musongati Mining BSP: Better Sourcing Program BTB: Exploration and Prospecting Private Company from Canada CCM: Chama cha Mapinduzi – Tanzania Revolutionary Party CD Plates: Compact Disk CDR – Coalition pour la Defence de la Republique – Coalition for the Defence of the Republic CEA: Central East Africa CEFC: Chinese Energy Financial Conglomerate (Private) CEPGL: Communaute Economique des pays des Grands Lacs – Economic Community of the Great Lakes Region countries of Africa CHADEMA: Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party) iv CMERIC: Consolidated Mineral & Energy Resources Investment Co Ltd CNOOC: Chinese Offshore Oil Company Coltan: Colombo Tantalite COMESA: Common Market for East and Southern Africa CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility DAAD: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service) DFID: Department of International Development (United Kingdom) DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo EAC: East African Community EALA: East Africa Legislative Assembly EBA: EU Everything but Arms ECOWAS: Economic Community of West African States EEAS: European External Action Service EITI: Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative EMA: Environmental Management Act EPA: Economic Partnership Agreement with EAC and EU EPA: Tanzanian External Payment Arrears EU: European Union FBI: The Federal Bureau of Investigation -USA FCPA: Foreign Corrupt Practice Acts FDI: Foreign Direct Investment FDLR: Forces Democratiques Pour la Liberation du Rwanda – Democratic Forces for Liberation of Rwanda v FIU: Tanzania Financial Intelligence Unit (Kitengo cha Kuchunguza Fedha) FMCs: Foreign Mining Companies FRW: Franc Rwandais (Rwanda national currency) GBV: Gender Based Violence GDP PPP: Gross Domestic Product Purchasing Power Parity GIZ: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Organisation for International Cooperation) GLR: Great Lakes Region of Africa GNI: Gross National Income GNP: Gross National Product GS: Genuine Saving HDI: Human Development Indicators HIV-AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes HSBC: The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation ICGLR: International conference for the Great Lakes Region IDAS: International Defence and Security IMF: International Monetary Fund INGOs: International Non-Governmental Organisations IOs: International Organisations ISO: International Standards Guidance for Social Responsibility IT: Information Technology ITA: International Tin Association ITRI: International Tin Research Institute vi KML: Kilembe Mining Limited LSM: Large Scale Mining MCI: Mineral Contribution Index MDAs: Mineral Development Agreements MDR – Mouvement pour la Democratie au Rwanda – Movement for Democracy in Rwanda MECOSUR: Mercado comun Del Sur – Latin America common market. MID: Mining Induced Displacement MINETAIN: Rwanda-Urundi Tin Mines Company – Societe des Mines d’Etain du Rwanda- Urundi MINIRENA: Ministry of Resources and Environment that latter split into the Ministry of Environment and the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board MNCs: Multinational Corporations MRND: Mouvement Republicain National pour la Democracy et le Development – National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development NGOs: Non-Governmental Organisation NOBLE: Metal Mining Company NRG: New Resolution Geographics NRM: National Resistance Movement OBM: Office Burundais des Mines et Carrieres – Burundi Mining Board OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development PCCB: The Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau (PCCB) (Taasisi ya Kupambana na Kuzuia Rushwa) PGW: Paterson, Grant & Watson Limited – a Geology-Driven Geophysical Consulting PL: Parti Liberal – Liberal Party vii PSD -Parti Socialiste Democratique – Social Democratic Party REB: Rwanda Education Board RECs: Regional Economic Communities RMB: Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board RNRA/GMD: Rwanda Natural Resource Authority/Geology and Mines Department RRA: Rwanda Revenue Authority RPF: Rwanda Patriotic Front SADC: Southern Africa Development Cooperation SOMUKI: Muhinga-Kigali Mining Company – Societe Miniere de Muhinga-Kigali SONANGOL: Sociedade Nacional de Combustiveis de Angola – The Angolan National Oil Company SSA: Sub-Saharan Africa TANPOWER: Tanzania Power Company TDHRC: National Coordinator of Tanzania Human Right Defenders Coalition Three (or 3) TG: Tin, Tantalum, Tungsten and Gold (mostly used in EU as conflict minerals) Three (or 3) Ts: Tin, Tantalum and Tungsten (technical term to sum up those metals). TI: Transparency International TIFA: Trade and Investment Framework Agreements between EAC and USA TINCO Group: A mining company that owns Rutongo Tin Mines TMAA: Tanzania Mineral Audit Agency TRA: Tanzania Revenue Authority TZS: Tanzanian Shilling (national currency) UGS: Ugandan Shilling (national currency) viii UN: United Nations UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDOC: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNDP: United Nations Development Programme UNECA: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa UNITA: The National Union for Total Independence of Angola USA: United States of America USD: US Dollar WMP: Wolfram Mining and Processing Ltd ix TABLE OF CONTENT Dedication ............................................................................................................................................... ii AKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACCRONYMS .......................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Contribution of research ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3. The statement of the problem ................................................................................................ 7 1.4. Research question ................................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1. Specific Research questions: ............................................................................................... 8 1.5. Research objective .................................................................................................................. 8 1.6. Methodology ..........................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TANZANIA MINERALS AUDIT AGENCY VISION to Be a Centre of Excellence in Monitoring and Auditing of Mining Operations
    THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERALS TANZANIA MINERALS AUDIT AGENCY VISION To be a centre of excellence in monitoring and auditing of mining operations. MISSION To conduct financial and environmental audits as well as auditing of quality and quantity of minerals produced and exported by miners in order to maximize benefits to the Government from the mining industry for sustainable development of the Country. CORE FUNCTIONS Auditing of Auditing of environmental Auditing of capital budget and quality and investment and expenditure of quantity of operating the mining produced and expenditure of entities for the exported the mining purpose of minerals by entities for the assessment of mining entities purpose of tax compliance to assessments the mine closure plan. Tanzania Minerals Audit Agency (TMAA) marked five years of its establishment by recording good performances as highlighted in this Annual Report. This has been made possible through the keen leadership of TMAA’s Ministerial Advisory Board combined with diverse skills, experience, commitment, hard work and dedication of staff. In the Annual Report for year 2013 we promised to continue improving our audits with the aim of ensuring maximization of Government revenue from the mineral sector. Following completion of year 2014, it is my sincere pleasure to report the following key outcomes: i. A total of TZS 101.3 billion was collected as royalty from the large scale mines, while total royalty payable decreased by 5.6% to TZS 107.38 billion compared to TZS 113.78 billion realized in year 2013. The decrease was mainly attributed by lower gold prices and closure of one major gold mine.
    [Show full text]
  • Losing Ground.Pdf
    The Unprecedented Shrinking of Public Spaces LOSING and Land in Ugandan GROUND? Municipalities A publication of the Cities Alliance Joint Work Programme for Equitable Economic Growth in Cities By Paul. I. Mukwaya, Dmitry Pozhidaev, Denis Tugume, and Peter Kasaija © UNCDF and Cities Alliance 2018 AUTHORS Paul. I. Mukwaya, Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Dmitry Pozhidaev, United National Capital Development Fund, Kampala, Uganda Denis Tugume, Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Peter Kasaija, Department of Geography, Geo-informatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda JWP MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION Rene Peter Hohmann, Cities Alliance Fredrik Bruhn, Cities Alliance GRAPHIC DESIGN Creatrix Design Group This publication was produced by Cities Alliance and the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) as part of the Cities Alliance Joint Work Programme (JWP) for Equitable Economic Growth in Cities. The U.K. Department for International Development (DFID) chairs the JWP, and its members are the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), UN-Habitat, Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), Commonwealth Local Government Forum (CLGF), Ford Foundation, Institute for Housing and Development Studies (IHS) at Erasmus University Rotterdam and the World Bank. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Cities Alliance, the United Nations, including UNCDF and UNOPS, or the UK Department for International Development (DFID). 2 Losing Ground? SUMMARY There is increasing importance being attached to is to promote economic growth that benefits ALL public spaces and other municipal assets, such as citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Tanzania's Mining Operations
    Public Disclosure Authorized SESA of the Tanzanian Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project Final Report May 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by LUC in association with GEUS & Matrix Development Consultants Project Title: SESA of the Tanzanian Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project Client: Ministry of Energy and Minerals, Government of Tanzania Version Date Version Details Prepared by Checked by Approved by Principal 1 21/12/12 Draft Final Report LT, PN, SW, JT LT PN 2 02/05/13 Final Report LT, PN, SW, JT LT, NJ PN, NJ SESA of the Tanzanian Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project Final Report Prepared by LUC in association with GEUS & Matrix Development Consultants May 2013 Planning & EIA LUC BRISTOL Offices also in: Land Use Consultants Ltd Registered in England Design 14 Great George Street London Registered number: 2549296 Landscape Planning Bristol BS1 5RH Glasgow Registered Office: Landscape Management Tel:0117 929 1997 Edinburgh 43 Chalton Street Ecology Fax:0117 929 1998 London NW1 1JD Mapping & Visualisation [email protected] FS 566056 LUC uses 100% recycled paper EMS 566057 Contents 1 Introduction 3 Introduction to the Minerals Sector 3 The Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project 5 Purpose of the Report 5 2 The SESA Process 7 The Role of SESA 7 Methodology Used 8 3 Background to the Minerals Sector 11 Overview of Tanzania’s Mineral Resource 11 Overview of Tanzania’s Mining Operations 12 Background Context to
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries
    The Impact of Small-Scale Mining Operations on Economies and Livelihoods in Low- to Middle-Income Countries January 2018 This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) through the Research for Evidence Division (RED) for the benefit of developing countries. However, the views expressed and information contained in it is not necessarily those of, or endorsed by DFID, which can accept no responsibility for such views or information or for any reliance placed on them. Contacts: Pact Global UK Ravenswood, Baileys Lane Westcombe, Somerset BA4 6EN U.K. +44 (0) 7584651984 [email protected] [email protected] Alliance for Responsible Mining Calle 32 B SUR # 44 A 61 Envigado, Colombia +57 (4) 332 47 11 [email protected] [email protected] Authorship: This report was prepared by Dr Maria Laura Barreto (team leader, legal aspects), Patrick Schein (economic aspects), Dr Jennifer Hinton (technical and social aspects), and Dr Felix Hruschka (context, mapping and compilation) as part of the EARF project ‘Understanding the Economic Contribution of Small-scale Mining in East Africa’ covering Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda. The authors wish to acknowledge the important research assistance of Elizabeth Echavarria and Marina Ruete from ARM. Special thanks are extended to the project’s Expert Advisors Majala Mlagui (Kenya), Stephen Turyahikayo (Uganda), and Augustin Bida (Rwanda); Pact staff Jacqueline Ndirangu and Ildephonse Niyonsaba; Project Co-Managers Cristina Villegas of Pact and Géraud Brunel of ARM; the DFID EARF leadership who funded this study; and the in-country DFID representatives of Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda, with whom the researchers met while conducting in-country assessments.
    [Show full text]
  • The South African ‘Secrecy Act’: Democracy Put to the Test
    2015 3 48. Jahrgang VRÜ Seite 257 – 438 Begründet von Prof. Dr. Herbert Krüger (†) Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Brun-Otto Bryde (em.), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. (Univ. Athen) Dr. h.c. (Univ. Istanbul) Philip Kunig, Freie Universität Berlin, Prof. Dr. Thilo Ma- rauhn, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Prof. Dr. Philipp Dann, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Bast, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher, Universität Bern, Dr. Karl-Andreas Hernekamp, Universität Hamburg im Institut für Inter- nationale Angelegenheiten der Universität Hamburg durch die Hamburger Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht und Auswärtige Politik in Verbindung mit den Regional-Instituten des Ger- man Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA) Beirat: Prof. Dr. Rodolfo Arango, Bogota, Prof. Dr. Moritz Bälz, Frankfurt, Prof. Dr. Ece Göztepe, Ankara, Prof. Heinz Klug, Madison, Prof. Dr. Kittisak Prokati, Bangkok/Fukuoka, Prof. Dr. Atsushi Takada, Osaka. Schriftleitung: Prof. Dr. Philipp Dann, E-mail: [email protected] Inhalt Editorial: The Current State of Democracy in South Africa ..... 259 Abhandlungen / Articles Wessel le Roux Residence, representative democracy and the voting rights of migrant workers in post-apartheid South Africa and post-unification Germany (1990-2015) ......... 263 Jonathan Klaaren The South African ‘Secrecy Act’: Democracy Put to the Test ............................ 284 Richard Calland/Shameela Seedat Institutional Renaissance or Populist Fandango? The Impact of the Economic
    [Show full text]
  • The Quad (The 2017 Alumni Magazine)
    THE QUAD | ALUMNI MAGAZINE | FALL 2017 Dedman CELEBRATING ALUMNI 30 Years of the Distinguished Alumni Awards YEARS OF DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI AWARD30 WINNERS THE QUAD | VOL 48 Dean Director of Alumni Relations Photographers SMU Dedman School of Law Jennifer M. Collins Abby N. Ruth ’06 Thomas Garza, Hillsman Office of Alumni Relations Jackson, Bret Redman P.O. Box 750116 Dallas, TX 75275-0116 Director of External Relations Managing Editor 214-768-4LAW(4529) Lynn M. Dempsey Patricia S. Heard Printer ColorDynamics Email: [email protected] Director of Writers & Contributors www.law.smu.edu Communications & Marketing Mark Curriden, Kristy A. Offenburger Patricia S. Heard, Brooks Igo The Quad is published for graduates and friends of the law school. Reproduction in whole or in part of this magazine without permission is prohibited. SMU will not discriminate in any program or activity on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, disability, genetic information, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity and expression. The Executive Director for Access and Equity/Title IX Coordinator is designated to handle inquiries regarding nondiscrimination policies and may be reached at the Perkins Administration Building, Room 204, 6425 Boaz Lane, Dallas, TX 75205, 214-768-3601, [email protected]. Dedman SCHOOL OF LAW IN THIS ISSUE FALL 2017 Features 4 | 30th Annual Distinguished Alumni Awards A special evening honors six new award recipients and commemorates 30 years of winners and their enormous contributions to the law school, the profession and the community. 12 | Spring Break 2017: DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI Crayons as Contraband 4 Professor Natalie Nanasi and eight Dedman Law students volunteer at AWARD WINNERS Karnes County Residential Center to help immigrant mothers and children fleeing violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Summarized Tribunal Report
    Summarized Tribunal Report On 15th May 2013, Hon. Frank Tumwebaze, the Minister of the Presidency, who is also the Minister in charge of Kampala Capital City, received a Petition from Seventeen (17) councilors of the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). The Petition set out grounds upon which the Councillors sought the removal of Mr. Erias Lukwago from his position as Lord Mayor of Kampala Capital City. The allegations levelled against the Lord Mayor were; abuse of office, misconduct or misbehaviour and Incompetence. On receipt of the Petition, the Hon. Minister in consultation with the Chief Justice, constituted a Tribunal to investigate the allegations contained in the Petition. The Tribunal members were Honourable Lady Justice Catherine Bamugemereire, Mrs. Joska Ocaya-Lakidi and Mr. Alfred Okello Oryem. The Terms of Reference of the Tribunal, in addition to setting out a time-frame of two months for its operation, specified that a decision was to be reached as to whether the Petition’s assertions could support a prima facie case for the removal of the Lord Mayor. The Tribunal further noted that the Petition seeking the removal of Mr. Erias Lukwago from his elective position of Lord Mayor of Kampala Capital City, was a matter of great public interest which had created an atmosphere of collective euphoria within sections of the population of Kampala. The sheer gravity and the far reaching ramifications of this exercise compelled the Tribunal to subject the evidence adduced before to such rigour and care as akin to the standard ordinarily applied to election petitions. Indeed whilst the standard of proof applied by the Tribunal was not beyond reasonable doubt as required in criminal cases it was a lot higher than proof on a balance of probabilities which is the accepted standard of proof in cases of a civil nature such as this one.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphic Processes Associated with Small-Scale Opencast Mining and Mitigation Measures
    Geomorphic Processes Associated with Small-Scale Opencast Mining and Mitigation Measures: Case Study of the Gatumba Mining District in the Western Highlands of Rwanda Thesis approved by the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Process Engineering of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg to gain the academic degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat.). by M.Sc. Rutazuyaza Vaillant Byizigiro Born on 21.03.1972, in Ilundu, DR-Congo (Ex-Zaïre) Reviewer: Prof. Dr. phil. Thomas Raab Chair of Geopedology and Landscape Development, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany Reviewer: apl. Prof. Dr. habil. Dirk Freese Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany Date of the oral examination: February, 10th 2016 Geomorphologische Prozesse in Zusammenhang mit kleinskaligem Tagebau und Mitigationsmaßnahmen: Fallstudie des Gatumba- Bergbaugebiets im westlichen Hochland von Ruanda Von der Fakultät für Umweltwissenschaften und Verfahrenstechnik der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte Dissertation. Vorgelegt von M.Sc. Rutazuyaza Vaillant Byizigiro Geboren am 21.03.1972, in Ilundu, Democratische Republic Kongo (Ex-Zaïre) Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Phil. Thomas Raab Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Deutschland Gutachter: apl. Prof. Dr. Habil. Dirk Freese Lehrstuhl Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Deutschland Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 10 Februar 2016 Declaration I hereby declare that this doctoral dissertation is the result of my own research carried out at the Brandenburg University of Technology Cotttbus-Senftenberg, Germany, within the framework of the International Graduate Program in Land Use and Water Management. Professor Thomas Raab, Head Chair of Geopedology and Landscape Development of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cotttbus-Senftenberg, Germany have been the main Supervisor of this research.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Studies for Ttc Schools Option: Ealy Child Hood and Lower Primary Education (Eclpe) Year One
    SOCIAL STUDIES FOR TTC SCHOOLS OPTION: EALY CHILD HOOD AND LOWER PRIMARY EDUCATION (ECLPE) YEAR ONE STUDENT BOOK © 2020 Rwanda Education Board (REB). All rights reserved. This book is property of the Government of Rwanda. Credit must be given to REB when the content is quoted. FOREWORD The Rwanda Education Board is honoured to avail the Social Studies Student’s Book, Year One for Teacher Training Colleges (TTCs) in ECLPE Option and it serves as official guide to teaching and learning of Social Studies. The Rwandan education philosophy is to ensure that young people at every level of education achieve their full potential in terms of relevant knowledge, skills and appropriate attitudes that prepare them to be well integrated in society and exploit employment opportunities. The ambition to develop a knowledge-based society and the growth of regional and global competition in the job market has necessitated the shift to a competence-based curriculum. After a successful shift from knowledge to a competence-based curriculum in general education, TTC curriculum also was revised to align it to the CBC in general education to prepare teachers who are competent and confident to implement CBC in pre-primary and primary education. The rationale of the changes is to ensure that TTC leavers are qualified for job opportunities and further studies in higher education in different programs under education career advancement. I wish to sincerely express my appreciation to the people who contributed towards the development of this document, particularly, REB staff, lecturers, TTC Tutors, Teachers from general education and experts from Local and International Organizations for their technical support.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Judge in Uganda: Remuneration Systems and Promotion Possibilities
    Civil Judge in Uganda: Remuneration Systems and Promotion Possibilities. How to Reward Efficient and Independent Decisions Asiimwe Jackline-Bainipai* Abstract This piece of work is discusses the systems of remuneration of judges and promotion possi- bilities as well as rewarding efficient and independent decisions in Uganda. The research finds that whereas these three form part and parcel of the core of an independent judiciary, and whereas there are adequate legal provisions, the enforceability is lacking due to the fact that there are high levels of interference by the executive in the function of the judiciary. The remuneration, reward of an efficient judge are largely dependent on paying allegiance to the executive and deciding cases in appeasement of the executive. Yet, the remuneration, promotion and reward are supposed to be on merit. They should also be established by law and not subject to arbitrary interference from the executive. This study has revealed how the executive has substantial impact on remuneration, promotion and reward of efficient judges. Judges that decide cases according to the law irrespective of the interests of the exe- cutive are sidelined in the promotions, remunerations and reward. The study makes relevant conclusions and recommendations. “The remuneration of the judges is not sufficient to induce the ablest lawyers in the prime of life to accept judicial office. If that state of affairs is allowed to continue it must have serious effect upon the administration of the law. It will impair those intel- lectual standards which have made our English legal system a great legal system; it will tend to impair that law abiding instinct which is the condition precedent for the maintenance of a high standard of civilization, and it will weaken the chief remaining guarantee for the prosecution of the liberties of that subject.”1 With reflection on the above statement on remuneration, this piece of work discusses remu- neration systems and promotion possibilities and how to reward efficient and independent judges from the Ugandan perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • THRDC's Report on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders in Tanzania
    THE 2018 REPORT ON THE SITUATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AND CIVIC SPACE IN TANZANIA RESEARCHERS ADVOCATES JONES SENDODO, DEOGRATIAS BWIRE, LEOPOLD MOSHA WRITERS ADVOCATES JONES SENDODO, DEOGRATIAS BWIRE, LEOPOLD MOSHA EDITORS PILI MTAMBALIKE ONESMO OLENGURUMWA The 2018 Report on the Situation of Human Rights Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition Defenders and Civic Space in Tanzania ii [THRDC] Table of Contents ABREVIATIONS vi LIST OF STATUTES AND INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ix PREFACE x VISION, MISSION, VALUES xi THE OVERAL GOAL OF THE THRDC xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii Chapter One 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Protection Mechanisms for Human Rights Defenders 3 1.1.1 Legal Protection Mechanism at International Level 4 1.1.2 Legal Protection Mechanism at Regional Level 7 1.1.3 Legal Protection Mechanism at the National Level 11 1.1.4 Challenges with Both International and Regional Protection Mechanisms for HRDS 13 1.2 Non Legal Protection mechanism 13 1.2.1 Non Legal Protection mechanism at International level 14 1.2.2 Non Legal Protection Mechanism at Regional level 15 1.2.3 Protection Mechanism at National Level 16 Chapter Two 20 VIOLATIONS COMMITTED AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS 20 2.0 Overview of the Chapter 20 2.1 Violations Committed against Human Rights Defenders in 2018 21 2.1.1 Arrests and Prosecution against HRDs in 2018 Other Strategic Litigation Cases for HRDs in Tanzania 21 2.2 Physical violence, Attacks, and Torture 30 2.2.1 Pastoralists Land Rights Defenders and the Situation in
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Tanzania in 1997
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF TANZANIA By George J. Coakley The United Republic of Tanzania, including the sets corporate tax rate for the mining sector at 30% and provides semiindependent islands of Zanzibar, is located between Kenya additional customs rates, capital allowance deductions, and Mozambique on the east coast of Africa and has a land area depreciation, and other tax incentives (Tanzania Investment of 886,040 square kilometers. The area supported a population of Centre, 1997). Mining royalties are set at 3% of netback value, 29.7 million in 1997 with a gross domestic product (GDP) per with a rate of 5% for diamond. No royalties are paid on cut and capita of $1,350. The mining and petroleum sectors, which polished gemstones. The new Financial Laws (Miscellaneous played a relatively small role in the chiefly agrarian economy of Amendments) Act of 1997 also provided improved fiscal Tanzania, accounted for less than 3% of the total nonsubsistence incentives for the mining sector. In October 1997, the Ministry workforce of 168,600 and for about 5% of the GDP. In 1997, the of Water, Energy and Minerals issued a new minerals policy, value of mineral exports, primarily diamond ($14.82 million), giving priorities to private sector initiatives, the rationalization semiprecious gemstones ($7.95 million), and gold ($2 million), and organization of artisinal and small-scale mining and product declined by 13%, to $25.7 million, down from $29.58 million in marketing, and new initiatives to mitigate the adverse 1996. Encouraged by more aggressive Government investment environmental and social aspects of mining.
    [Show full text]