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Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae Handbook of Oriental Studies Handbuch der Orientalistik Section One The Near and Middle East Edited by H. Altenmüller B. Hrouda B.A. Levine R.S. O’Fahey K.R. Veenhof C.H.M. Versteegh Volume 30 Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP) Volume Four – G – By Moshe Sharon LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 Koninklijke Brill NV has made all reasonable efforts to trace all rights holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these efforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. The publication of this volume was supported by the Fondation Max van Berchem, Geneva. The Max van Berchem Foundation is a scientific foundation established in Geneva, Switzerland, in memory of Max van Berchem (1863-1921), the founder of Arabic epigraphy. Its aim is to promote the study of Islamic and Arabic archaeology, history, geography, art, epigraphy, religion and literature. It subsidizes the Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae since 1997. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in Publication data Sharon, Moshe. Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae (CIAP) addendum : squeezes in the Max van Berchem collection (Palestine, Trans- Jordan, Northern Syria) : squeezes 1-84 / registered, photographed and studied by Moshe Sharon. p. cm. — (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Nahe und der Mittlere Osten, ISSN 0169-9423 ; 30. Bd.) ISBN-13: 978-90-04-15780-4 ISBN-10: 90-04-15780-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Inscriptions, Arabic—Palestine. 2. Epitaphs—Palestine. 3. Inscriptions, Ara- bic—Jordan. 4. Epitaphs—Jordan. 5. Inscriptions, Arabic—Syria. 6. Epitaphs—Syria. 7. Fondation Max van Berchem—Catalogs. I. Fondation Max van Berchem. II. Title. III. Series. PJ7599.P19S53 1997 Suppl. 492.7—dc22 2007060883 ISSN: 0169-9423 ISBN: 978 90 04 10833 2 (Vol. 1) ISBN: 978 90 04 11083 0 (Vol. 2) ISBN: 978 90 04 13197 2 (Vol. 3) ISBN: 978 90 04 17085 8 (Vol. 4) ISBN: 978 90 04 15780 4 (Addendum) ISBN: 978 90 04 14289 3 (Set) Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS v To Bernard Lewis vi CONTENTS CONTENTS vii CONTENTS List of plates and maps . ix Acknowledgements . xi Foreword . xiii Addenda Addenda to CIAP I To Ashqelon (#Asqal§n) . 1 Addenda to CIAP II To Caesarea (Qays§riyyah) . 9 Gaza . 15 Gesher . 214 Ghuwaynah (kh.) . 217 List of inscriptions according to sites . 219 Bibliography . 221 Index . 223 Index of Qur"§nic verses . 235 viii CONTENTS LIST OF SQUEEZES ix LIST OF PLATES AND MAPS PLATES Pls. 1-23 Gaza Pl.1 Gaza general view in a 19th century engraving. 16 Pl.2 Great Mosque: bilingual inscription Greek Hebrew. 21 Pl.3 Plan of the Great Mosque. 32 Pl.4 Inscription from Dar#ah . 46 Pl.5 Shaykh BashÊr . 55 Pl.6 Lions of Baybars—Gaza. 58 Pl.6a Lions of Baybars—Lydda. 58 Pl.6b Lions of Baybars, St. Stephen’s Gate—Jerusalem. 58 Pl.7 Blazon—Shaykh (NabÊ) Ily§s . 62 Pl.8 Gaza No. 12: van Berchem’s reading. 63 Pl.9 Plan of Shaykh Zakariyy§ Mosque. 113 Pl.10 Inscription No. 43: detail. 116 Pl.11 MvB Carnet VII Page 124 . 125 Pl.12 Inscription No. 48. Gaza 786 . 127 Pl.13 Inscription No. 48: detail. 128 Pl.14 MvB Carnet VII Page 125. 129 Pl.15 Plan of Shaykh Kh§lid (Husseini). 145 Pl.16 Gaza No. 62–Gaza 821a. 157 Pl.17 Gaza No. 65: van Berchem drawing of Blazon. 162 Pl.18 Gaza No. 72: van Berchem’s copy. 172 Pl.19 Q§#ah Lane’s engraving. 174 Pl.20 Gaza No. 79: van Berchem’s copy . 186 Pl.21 Gaza No. 83–965 (995). 191 Pl.22 Gaza No. 93–1216: van Berchem’s copy. 203 Pl.23 Greek Orthodox Church 1874: plan and section. 211 Pl.24 Gesher inscription . 215 Pl.25 Khirbat Guwaynah at-TaÈt§: inscription. 218 MAPS Gatt’s Plan von Gaza 1887 (attached). Map of Gaza (1931) Figs. P31, P31a. x FOREWORD INTRODUCTION xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research on the Arabic inscriptions in Palestine is supported by the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) Founded by the Israel Academy for Sciences and Humanities. The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) gave permission to use its archives and publish from them information as well as original photographs of both locations and inscriptions. Fondation Max van Berchem in Geneva granted permission to use its archives and publish information and photographs from Max van Berchem’s files and carnets. The Foundation also extends its financial support for the publication of the volumes of the CIAP. xii FOREWORD FOREWORD xiii FOREWORD The fourth volume of the CIAP is the fifth book of the Corpus since it follows the CIAP Addendum published in 2007, which was the fourth book. It covers the sites whose names begin with the letter G, but in fact is dedicated, except for two entries, to the inscriptions of Gaza. This city contains an unusually large concentration of Islamic shrines—mosques, sanctuaries, religious schools, saints’ holy sites, as well as markets, bathhouses, cemeteries, and other edifices of Islamic nature, and consequently I was able to trace some 100 inscriptions in it, and a few fragments, which indicate that the number of inscriptions in the city was higher. The great majority of these inscriptions belong to the Mamlåk period, when the city reached its highest stage of development (as well as the beginning of its decay) under the rule of Islam. Following the method established in the previous volumes, the inscriptions of Gaza are introduced with a study of the history of the city. The inscriptions are arranged chronologically (not according to their monuments) and studied, whenever possible, in their historical and cultural context. In order to enable the reader to follow the inscriptions according to their location, a special list of sites and their inscriptions has been provided. It should be noted that many inscriptions are not in situ, and therefore inscriptions, which are listed under the name of a certain site, do not necessarily belong to this site. This issue has been dealt with whenever possible in the discussions of the inscription. This volume contributes to the history of the Holy Land under Islam as well, in spite of the fact that it deals mainly with two locations, and the historical span is not as extensive as the former volumes, covering only some parts of the Islamic era from the third Islamic century until the late Ottoman period, but with large gaps. The volume also contains a few entries as addenda to previous volumes. However, most of the material available until now, has been included in the Addendum, and only the most recent discoveries have been entered in the addenda of this volume. Suggestions offered by the readers of the previous volumes will not be included in this volume. I plan to collect and deal with them in one of the coming volumes. I wish to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to these readers who added a few pairs of eyes, so much needed for the work of the epigrapher. Professor Werner Diem in particular engaged in a meticulous study of the CIAP and his suggestions are valued and appreciated. Sometimes, in cases of an unsatisfactory reading of an inscription on my part, I still publish its reproduction hoping that in the future, other eyes will be more successful than mine. xiv FOREWORD In referring to the sites, I usually, but not always, use the modern names, as they appear in the present maps, followed by older names. Thus in the entry “Gesher,” the modern Hebrew name of the place is followed by its old name: “Jisr al-Maj§mi#”. I also indicate the current colloquial pronunciation of the Arabic names and words, next to the classical version. I preferred to use the word shaykh and not sheikh, but sometimes I used welÊ for a saint (sanctuary visited by devotees) alone, or next to walÊ. Throughout the book, I used the word sultan, as accepted in the European languages and not sulã§n. Sometimes I used the word vizier instead of wazÊr for the same reason, but I always followed the spelling of amÊr not emir. A few sites do not exist any more, but there are references to inscriptions discovered in them by the inspectors of the Department of Antiquities of the British Mandatory Government. Some of their reports contain photographs, and sometimes the reading of inscriptions in situ. I have always referred to these photographs by their number and have referred to these readings, now in the files of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA). In 1894, Max van Berchem prepared an extensive survey of Islamic monuments in Gaza and read almost all the important inscriptions. His work is particularly important since he saw these monuments before the damage caused to many of them by the bombardment of the city in 1917.

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