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Redalyc.Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Del Occidente De México

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Redalyc.Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Del Occidente De México Folia Entomológica Mexicana ISSN: 0430-8603 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Entomología, A.C. México Salinas Gutiérrez, José Luis; Warren, Andrew D.; Martínez, Armando Luis Hesperioidea (lepidoptera: rhopalocera) del occidente de México Folia Entomológica Mexicana, vol. 44, núm. 3, 2005, pp. 305-320 Sociedad Mexicana de Entomología, A.C. Xalapa, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42444304 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ISSN-0430-8603 Folia Entomol. Mex., 44(3): 305-320 (2005) HESPERIOIDEA (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) DEL OCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO JOSÉ LUIS SALINAS-GUTIÉRREZ 1,2, ANDREW D. WARREN 3 Y ARMANDO LUIS-MARTÍNEZ 4 1 Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70-399, México, 04510 D. F., MÉXICO. 24 <[email protected]>, <[email protected]> 3 Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, U.S.A. <[email protected]> Salinas-Gutiérrez, J. L., A. D. Warren y A. Luis-Martínez. 2005. Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) del occidente de México. Folia Entomol. Mex., 44(3): 305-320. RESUMEN. Se integró una lista de 325 especies, 157 géneros, cinco subfamilias y una familia de los Hesperioidea del occidente de México. Es la primera lista de hespéridos para la región occidental de México (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima y Michoacán), la que incluye el 37% de las especies registradas para el país. Se agrupó las especies de acuerdo a su distribución con base en provincias biogeográficas y rangos altitudinales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Hesperioidea, occidente de México, distribución, hespéridos. Salinas-Gutiérrez, J. L., A. D. Warren, and A. Luis-Martínez. 2005. Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of western Mexico. Folia Entomol. Mex., 44(3): 305-320. ABSTRACT. A list of 325 species in 157 genera, five subfamilies and one family of the Hesperioidea of western Mexico is presented herein. It is the first list of skippers for the western region of Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima and Michoacán), comprising 37% of the species recorded for the country. The species are grouped according to their distribution in biogeographic provinces and altitudinal ranges. KEY WORDS: Hesperioidea, western Mexico, distribution, skippers. La primera lista de Hesperioidea para México las publicaciones de Freeman (e. g., 1951, 1966, fue presentada por Hoffmann (1941) en su Catá- 1967a, b, 1968, 1969a, b, 1970, 1976, 1977, logo Sistemático y Zoogeográfico de los Lepi- 1979) el trabajo en este grupo fue muy esporá- dópteros Mexicanos. Una década después Evans dico y discreto. (1951, 1952, 1953, 1955) inició la publicación de En los últimos 25 años surgieron nuevos inves- su “A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in- tigadores interesados en los Hesperioidea de Mé- dicating the classification and nomenclature xico. Durante este lapso se han publicado cuatro adopted in the British Museum (Natural Histo- listas para el grupo en México. Okano (1981, ry)” en el que incluye registros obtenidos de Mé- 1982), Llorente et al. (1990) y de la Maza et al. xico. En los siguientes 30 años, con excepción de (1991), ofrecieron listas de índole mayormente Salinas-Gutiérrez et al.: Hesperioidea del occidente de México bibliográfica. Warren (2000) presentó una lista Mielke (2004), Llorente et al. (en prensa), Sa- taxonómica de 759 especies, incluyendo sus sinó- linas-Gutiérrez et al. (en prep.) y Warren et al. nimos, y haciendo un recuento de los estudios (en prep.). realizados sobre Hesperioidea en México, desta- cando la obra Biologia Centrali-Americana de MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Godman y Salvin (1879-1901) de finales del si- Diversidad. Con base en la información obte- glo XIX y principios del XX. nida a partir de una revisión bibliográfica exhaus- El presente trabajo se inició con los estudios tiva y la consulta de Colección de Lepidoptera faunísticos realizados a finales de la década de del Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” de los ochenta y toda la década de los noventa, que la Facultad de Ciencias (MZFC) y la Colección dieron como resultado la descripción de nuevas Nacional de Insectos del Instituto de Biología especies, trabajos taxonómicos, listas regionales (CNIN), ambas en la Universidad Nacional Autó- y estatales, v. gr. Steinhauser (1991, 1996), noma de México, se elaboró una lista de los hes- Burns (1992, 1994, 2000), Freeman (1992), péridos del Occidente de México, comprendien- MacNeill (1993), Warren y González (1996, do los estados de Nayarit (NAY), Jalisco (JAL), 1998), Warren (1995, 1996, 1998), Llorente et Colima (COL) y Michoacán (MICH) (Figura 1). al. (1996), Vargas et al. (1996), Warren et al. Todos los datos están almacenados en una base (1996, 1998), Warren y Llorente (1999), Austin de datos (MARIPOSA), que contiene más de y Warren (2001, 2002), Miekle y Casagrande 450,000 registros. La base está soportada en el (2002), Steinhauser y Warren (2002), Warren y programa Biótica de la CONABIO. FIGURA 1. Ubicación geográfica de los estados en el Occidente de México. 306 Folia Entomol. Mex., 44(3) (2005) Distribución. Con base en las coordenadas de geográficas estudiadas en el análisis Costa del cada localidad se construyó mapas a partir de los Pacífico (CP), Depresión del Balsas (DB), Eje datos de cada especie para delimitar las distribu- Volcánico (EV), Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS) y ciones individuales. Los mapas se crearon con Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO). La provincia ayuda de Sistemas de Información Geográfica Altiplano Sur (AS) no se consideró a pesar de utilizando el programa GeoMedia Pro 3.0 (Inter- abarcar parte de Jalisco, debido a no contar con graph Corp., 1999), y los mapas temáticos pro- registros para esa provincia: Los rangos altitudi- vienen de los presentados en la página electró- nales 0-500, 500-1,000, 1,000-1,500, 1,500- nica de la Comisión Nacional para el Conoci- 2,000, 2,000-2,500, 2,500-3,000 y 3,000-3,500 miento y uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, msnm; la amplitud del rango altitudinal es arbi- http://www.conabio.gob.mx). traria. Análisis de similitud. Con el fin de realizar una comparación faunística entre los estados, se RESULTADOS elaboró dos matrices de presencia-ausencia de las Diversidad. Se integró la lista taxonómica de especies, con la finalidad de determinar las dife- los Hesperioidea para el occidente de México, re- rencias con base en provincias biogeográficas y gistrando un total de 325 especies (Apéndice 1), rangos altitudinales. La dimensión de cada una de incluidas en 157 géneros, cinco subfamilias y una ellas fue de 5 x 313 y 7 x 313, respectivamente, familia. Las subfamilias con mayor representa- considerando a cada una de las provincias bio- ción en función a la riqueza nacional son Pyrgi- geográficas y los rangos altitudinales como una nae con el 47.6% y Hesperiinae con el 42.4%. Unidad Taxonómica Operacional (UTO). El ín- Heteropterinae representa 38.2%, Pyrrhopyginae dice de Jaccard fue utilizado para evaluar el gra- 33.3% y Megathyminae solo 12.8% (5 especies). do de similitud. A continuación, las matrices de A nivel genérico, las subfamilias Heteropterinae similitud obtenidas se utilizaron para la cons- con 100% y Pyrginae con 72.6%, son las mejor trucción de dendrogramas a partir del método representadas (Cuadro 1 y 2). El estado de Mi- UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with choacán presenta la mayor diversidad, así como Arithmetic Mean). El análisis se llevó a cabo con el mayor esfuerzo de recolecta. el programa NTSYS-PC V1.6. Las provincias bio- Cuadro 1 Total de especies por estado, para el Occidente y México (OCCI, es la suma de los cuatro estados) SUBFAMILIA NAY JAL COL MICH OCCI (%) MEX Pyrrhopyginae 5 7 7 6 8 (33.3) 24 Pyrginae 127 141 126 149 164 (47.6) 344 Heteropterinae 2 9 8 12 13 (38.2) 34 Hesperiinae 83 98 78 104 135 (42.4) 318 Megathyminae 2 4 1 3 5 (12.8) 39 Total 219 259 220 274 325 (42.8) 759 307 Salinas-Gutiérrez et al.: Hesperioidea del occidente de México Cuadro 2 Total de géneros por estado para el Occidente y México SUBFAMILIA NAY JAL COL MICH OCCI (%) MEX Pyrrhopyginae 4 5 6 4 6 (66.6) 9 Pyrginae 58 65 56 64 69 (72.6) 95 Heteropterinae 2 3 3 3 3 (100) 3 Hesperiinae 55 62 51 62 76 (62.8) 121 Megathyminae 2 3 1 3 3 (60) 5 Total 121 138 117 136 157 (67.3) 233 Las localidades suman 277 sitios de recolecta Cuadro 4 para toda el área de estudio. Los estados de Na- Especies registradas por provincia biogeográfica yarit y Colima contribuyen con 46 localidades cada uno, Jalisco 61 y Michoacán 124; del total Provincia Especies de localidades, 92 (33%) no cuentan con datos CP 269 geográficos puntuales. DB 146 En el Cuadro 3 se indica las especies compar- EV 237 tidas y no compartidas entre los estados. El nú- SMS 97 mero de especies registradas por provincia está SMO 26 en el Cuadro 4, interpretado a partir del Cuadro 5, que representa la matriz de similitud que sirvió Cuadro 5 Matriz sintética de especies compartidas entre las provincias de base para la creación del dendrograma de la biogeográficas Figura 2. Las provincias con mayor diversidad son Costa del Pacífico y Eje Volcánico, con 269 CP DB EV SMS SMO y 237 especies, respectivamente. Estas dos pro- CP vincias se ubican físicamente en dos rangos alti- DB 141 tudinales muy diferentes. Además, son dos pro- EV 199 133 vincias que cubren mayor área en la zona de es- SMS 93 82 92 tudio.
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