From Depression Reporters to Foreign Correspondents

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

From Depression Reporters to Foreign Correspondents City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Straight Record and The Paper Trail: From Depression Reporters to Foreign Correspondents Magdalena Bogacka-Rode Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/405 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] STRAIGHT RECORD AND THE PAPER TRAIL: FROM DEPRESSION REPORTERS TO FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS BY MAGDALENA BOGACKA-RODE A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Center Faculty in English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 ii Copyright 2014 Bogacka-Rode, Magdalena All rights reserved. iii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in English in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Jane C. Marcus ______________________ _______________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Mario DiGangi _______________________ ______________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Jane C. Marcus Mario DiGangi Michele Wallace Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iv STRAIGHT RECORD AND THE PAPER TRAIL: FROM DEPRESSION REPORTERS TO FOREGIN CORRESPONDENTS Abstract By Magdalena Bogacka-Rode Adviser: Professor Jane C. Marcus Straight Record and the Paper Trail: From Depression Reporters to Foreign Correspondents engages with Martha Gellhorn’s The Face of War (1959), Virginia Cowles’ Looking for Trouble (1941) and Josephine Herbst’s The Starched Blue Sky of Spain and Other Memoirs (1991) as documentaries of struggle. Documentary as a mode of writing and image making reveals dissonance, contradictions and varied perspectives which undermine the official historical record. The three writers, I argue, by republishing their Spanish Civil War (SCW) journalism in book form intended to set their record straight. This was motivated by their commitment to the 1930s struggle and the need to recover much that had been relegated to the margins as human interest stories (HIS), or woman’s angle. This patronizing and denigrating label which was applied to their SCW articles dismissed the documentary value of, what I call, their human experience record (HER), as an affectation of uninformed and class biased women writers. Their documentary texts, much like those of Nancy Cunard, Muriel Rukeyser, Gerda Taro, Gamel Woolsey and Virginia Woolf, were not composed under auspices of the dominant party lines as they eschewed formal membership in political as well as international organizations. In these, they recognized the very same patriarchal constraints and limitations v which they sought to expose using the ‘masters’ tools’ they acquired by belonging, or at least being able to pass for “daughters of educated men” yet remained fully aware that being citizens with passports they were in position to help, but by no means to become the face of the cause(Woolf). The main criticism of The Face of War, Looking for Trouble and The Starched Blue Sky of Spain and Other Memoirs has been that Gellhorn, Cowles and Herbst did not tell the whole truth, that dates and names of key players are missing, and that they had no definite answers about the politics and propaganda in Spain. But these were not the objectives these women set for themselves when they went to Spain and later when they decided to republish their SCW journalism. What Gellhorn, Cowles and Herbst omitted from journalism and their subsequent accounts in book form -- moments of doubt, consternation, idleness -- remains in their archival repositories, the recovery project of which this dissertation aims to initiate. vi Acknowledgements To Jane C. Marcus, my dissertation adviser, I remain in debt and awe for her support, encouragement, generosity and mentorship. It is she who inspired me to put away Hemingway, and turn to writers who have fallen between the cracks of the modernist canon. She gave me a copy of Woolf’s Three Guineas and told me go to the archive and be relentless with their gate keepers and find my material. Without her who is a scholar, feminist, writer, mother, mentor and fighter, this project would have never come to be. Also I would like to express my thanks to the two other members of my Dissertation Committee. To Mario DiGangi, whose feedback on my writing helped me find the path amidst the forest of research, I remain grateful. To Michele Wallace, I am thankful for her insights and for opening her library to me. As most of the research for this project was conducted in various archives, I would like to express my appreciation to all the librarians and staff without whose help I could not have completed my research. To everyone at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Center at Boston University, the JFK Library in Boston, the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, and the Imperial War Museum in London, I am very grateful. Here I must also thank Alexander Matthews, the executor of Martha Gellhorn’s estate, and Harriet Crawley, Virginia Cowles’ daughter, for their generosity and positive response to my project. To my Graduate Center fellow colleagues and scholars working on incredible women writers, activists, artists and archivists who deserve to be in vogue, I am grateful for their support. Most importantly to my parents, Danuta and Szczepan Bogaccy, for their encouragement, hard work and sacrifices, I am deeply thankful. To my loving husband, Kurt Rode, I am grateful for always being supportive and willing to hear about my research. I dedicate this project to my family. vii Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………..IV Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………VI List of In-Text Citation Abbreviations………………………………………………………IX List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………..X Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter 1: “A single plot in war”: Martha Gellhorn and Gerda Taro’s Spanish Civil War Documentaries…………………………………………………………....23 Images of Martha Gellhorn in Spain……………………………………………………28 Images of Gerda Taro in Spain………………………………………………………….37 Dressed for War………………………………………………………………………...41 Myth of Gellhorn According to Hemingway……………………………………………47 Making of a Renegade………………………………………………………………..…49 The Face of War………………………………………………………………………….57 Journalist and Private Citizen…………………………………………...……………….67 Exile in Gellhorn’s Fiction……………………………………………………………….74 Taro Record……………………………………………………………………………...82 Chapter 2: The Class Informant in Virginia Cowles’ Looking for Trouble and Gamel Woolsey’s Malaga Burning: An American Woman’s Eyewitness Account of the Spanish Civil War…………………………………………………………………………………………….93 American Girl in Madrid………………………………………………………………99 The Cowles File…………………………………………………………………..……102 Another Wealthy American Woman in Spain- Gamel Woolsey………………………105 Becoming a Class Informant………………………………………………..…………106 Looking for Trouble……………………………………………………………………126 Republican Spain………………………………………………………………………127 A House with a View………………………………………………………………….123 Nationalist Spain………………………………………………………………………135 Committed Documentarian…………………………………………………………….142 viii Chapter 3: “Fighting for Some Beyond”: Josephine Herbst’s The Starched Blue Sky of Spain and Muriel Rukeyser’s Savage Coast……………………………………………..146 Photographs of War Citizens……………………………………………………….150 1930s Struggle……………………………………………………………………...153 Becoming an Active Observer……………………………………………………...158 Personal Politics……………………………………………………………………..163 Special Assignment and Woman’s Angle…………………………………………..165 TSBSOSAOM………………………………………………………………………180 Telling the Truth…………………………………………………………………….187 War and Fiction……………………………………………………………………..197 Afterword: The Afterimage of 1930s …………………………………………………….201 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………...206 ix List of In-Text Citation Abbreviations WSSD We Saw Spain Die TFOW The Face of War TVFTG The View from the Ground AS A Stricken Field LFT Looking for Trouble MB Malaga Burning TG Three Guineas ROG Rope of Gold TSBSOSAOM The Starched Blue Sky of Spain and Other Memoirs TSBSOS The Starched Blue Sky of Spain SC Savage Coast x List of Illustrations Figure 1: Photograph of Martha Gellhorn and Ernest Hemingway Spanish Civil War, 1937 or 1938 from JFK Library Figure 2: Robert Merriman and Martha Gellhorn- Spanish Civil War, 1937 or 1938 from JFK Library Figure 3: Photograph of Martha Gellhorn, General Robert Merriman and another officer from JFK Library Fig. 4 Gerda Taro in Paris May 1, 1937. Copyright International Center of Photography/Magnum Photos. Fig. 5 Gerda Taro in University City, Madrid, February 1937. Copyright International Center of Photography/Magnum Photos. Fig. 6 The endpapers from Gellhorn’s The Face of War (1959) Fig. 7 Photograph from Martha Gellhorn Collection with the following inscription on verso “View from Hotel Florida, through the floor, onto the street below, where the mane comes with his donkey to sell oranges to the housewives” Fig. 8 Gerda Taro’s photographs of women in Barcelona 1936 featured in Special Edition of Vu August 29, 1936. Gerda Taro, copyright International Center of Photography. Fig. 9 Gerda Taro’s photograph on cover of Regards June 10, 1937.Gerda Taro, copyright International Center of Photography.
Recommended publications
  • MYTHS of the ENEMY: CASTRO, CUBA and HERBERT L. MATTHEWS of the NEW YORK TIMES Anthony Depalma Working Paper #313
    MYTHS OF THE ENEMY: CASTRO, CUBA AND HERBERT L. MATTHEWS OF THE NEW YORK TIMES Anthony DePalma Working Paper #313 - July 2004 Anthony DePalma was the first foreign correspondent of The New York Times to serve as bureau chief in both Mexico and Canada. His book about North America, Here: A Biography of the New American Continent, was published in the United States and Canada in 2001. During his 17-year tenure with The Times, he has held positions in the Metropolitan, National, Foreign and Business sections of the newspaper, and from 2000 to 2002, he was the first Times international business correspondent to cover North and South America. As a Kellogg fellow in Fall ’03, he conducted research for a book on Fidel Castro, Herbert Matthews, and the impact of media on US foreign policy. The book will be published by Public Affairs in 2005 or early 2006. ABSTRACT Fidel Castro was given up for dead, and his would-be revolution written off, in the months after his disastrous invasion of the Cuban coast in late 1956. Then a New York Times editorial writer named Herbert L. Matthews published one of the great scoops of the 20th century, reporting that not only was Castro alive, but that he was backed by a large and powerful army that was waging a successful guerrilla war against dictator Fulgencio Batista. Matthews, clearly taken by the young rebel’s charms, and sympathetic to his cause, presented a skewed picture. He called Castro a defender of the Cuban constitution, a lover of democracy, and a friend of the American people: the truth as he saw it.
    [Show full text]
  • Redescubriendo a Arturo Barea
    PERGOLA 5 Tele- Redescubriendo viddio 2 las dos y media de la madrugada a Arturo Barea pongo en marcha el televisor portátilA y espero que aparezca en la pantalla el presentador rtu ro Barca na­ de la corbata floreada. Me ció en Badajoz el 20 mira a los ojos hoy y sonríe de septiembre de como perdonándome la vida. 1897, en el seno de Se ha permitido incluso el A una familia pobre. Poco des­ atrevimiento de guiñarme el pués de nacer, murió su padre. ojo. Ese pobre hombre no Creció en Madrid, donde su ma­ sabe lo que le espera. Se dre se había trasladado tras en­ aclara la voz y empieza a leer viudar. Pudo estudiar, en un co­ la lista de los últimos legio privado, gracias a la gene­ artilugios eróticos que han rosidad de un tío adinerado, pe­ aparecido en el mercado. ro sólo hasta que dicho familiar Entonces desconecto el murió, cuando él tenía 13 años. televisor, me lo cargo al A esa edad, se puso a trabajar: hombro y tuvo diversos empleos. Su ser­ bajo a la calle. vicio militar incluyó servicio Cruzo la calzada y entro en activo en la guerra de Marrue­ el solar que está justo delante cos. Republicano autoprocla- de mi casa. Pongo otra vez el mado, abandonó España en fe­ televisor en marcha y lo brero de 1938, por cuestiones deposito en el fondo de la políticas y ante la inmimente zanja. El presentador no se ha derrota de las tropas que en la dado todavía cuenta de mis guerra civil luchaban por man­ maniobras.
    [Show full text]
  • La Raíz Rota De Arturo Barea: Destiempo Ficcionalizado Y Autobiografía Figurada
    Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis No 3837 ESTUDIOS HISPÁNICOS XXVI . Wrocław 2018 DOI 10.19195/2084-2546.26.3 ELŻBIETA BENDER ORCID: 0000-0002-1136-2539 Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie Correo: [email protected] La raíz rota de Arturo Barea: destiempo ficcionalizado y autobiografía figurada Palabras clave: La raíz rota — Arturo Barea — destiempo — autobiografía figurada — ficción. Las lecturas y relecturas de la obra de Arturo Barea, que llevan inevitable- mente a comparar sus libros con los de otros republicanos exiliados, terminan en una constatación desesperanzadora: Barea parece ser el único exiliado a quien, a pesar de la nueva política histórica que cede la palabra a los vencidos, no le quieren reivindicar ni los vencedores —lo que al fin y al cabo se entien- de perfectamente por la militancia socialista del escritor—, ni los republicanos —lo que queda aclarado gracias a la lectura de su trilogía autobiográfica La forja de un rebelde—. En el tercer tomo de este libro, La llama, el escritor cuenta sinceramente lo que vivió durante el sitio de Madrid, permaneciendo en la zona republicana durante la Guerra Civil. Su testimonio es estremecedor porque revela las atrocidades cometidas por ambos bandos del conflicto. En consecuencia, Barea es un escritor incómodo para los partidarios de cualquier ideología, un hombre que rechaza la confrontación por ideas políticas y que lucha incondicionalmente por los ideales humanistas. Del último tomo de su autobiografía, La llama, sabemos que Barea, afectado por las luchas inter- nas en el bando republicano y personalmente amenazado por las sospechas comunistas, pierde su entusiasmo socialista y, al parecer, llega a cuestionar la validez de ideología política alguna.
    [Show full text]
  • Bombing of Gernika
    BIBLIOTECA DE The Bombing CULTURA VASCA of Gernika The episode of Guernica, with all that it The Bombing ... represents both in the military and the G) :c moral order, seems destined to pass 0 of Gernika into History as a symbol. A symbol of >< many things, but chiefly of that Xabier lruio capacity for falsehood possessed by the new Machiavellism which threatens destruction to all the ethical hypotheses of civilization. A clear example of the ..e use which can be made of untruth to ·-...c: degrade the minds of those whom one G) wishes to convince. c., '+- 0 (Foreign Wings over the Basque Country, 1937) C> C: ISBN 978-0-9967810-7-7 :c 90000 E 0 co G) .c 9 780996 781077 t- EDITORIALVASCA EKIN ARGITALETXEA Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Ekin Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Xabier Irujo The Bombing of Gernika Ekin Buenos Aires 2021 Aberri Bilduma Collection, 11 Editorial Vasca Ekin Argitaletxea Lizarrenea C./ México 1880 Buenos Aires, CP. 1200 Argentina Web: http://editorialvascaekin- ekinargitaletxea.blogspot.com Copyright © 2021 Ekin All rights reserved First edition. First print Printed in America Cover design © 2021 JSM ISBN first edition: 978-0-9967810-7-7 Table of Contents Bombardment. Description and types 9 Prehistory of terror bombing 13 Coup d'etat: Mussolini, Hitler, and Franco 17 Non-Intervention Committee 21 The Basque Country in 1936 27 The Basque front in the spring of 1937 31 Everyday routine: “Clear day means bombs” 33 Slow advance toward Bilbao 37 “Target Gernika” 41 Seven main reasons for choosing Gernika as a target 47 The alarm systems and the antiaircraft shelters 51 Typology and number of airplanes and bombs 55 Strategy of the attack 59 Excerpts from personal testimonies 71 Material destruction and death toll 85 The news 101 The lie 125 Denial and reductionism 131 Reconstruction 133 Bibliography 137 I can’t -it is impossible for me to give any picture of that indescribable tragedy.
    [Show full text]
  • On Photography, History, and Memory in Spain Hispanic Issues on Line Debates 3 (2011)
    2 Remembering Capa, Spain and the Legacy of Gerda Taro, 1936–1937 Hanno Hardt Press photographs are the public memory of their times; their presence in the public sphere has contributed significantly to the pictures in our heads on which we rely for a better understanding of the world. Some photographs have a special appeal, or an extraordinary power, which makes them icons of a particular era. They stand for social or political events and evoke the spirit of a period in history. They also help define our attitudes towards people or nations and, therefore, are important sources of emotional and intellectual power. War photography, in particular, renders imagery of this kind and easily becomes a source of propaganda as well. The Spanish Civil War (1936–39) was the European testing ground for new weapons strategies by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Both aided their respective sides in the struggle between a Popular Front government— supported mainly by left-wing parties, workers, and an educated middle class—and “Nationalist” forces supported by conservative interests, the military, clergy, and landowners. The conflict resulted in about 500,000 deaths, thousands of exiles, and in a dictatorship that lasted until Franco’s death in 1975. It was a time when large-scale antifascist movements such as the Republican army, the International Brigades, the Workers’ Party of Marxist Unification, and anarchist militias (the Iron Column) united in their struggle against the military rebellion led by Francisco Franco. Foreigners joined the International Brigade, organized in their respective units, e.g., the Lincoln Battalion (USA), the British Battalion (UK), the Dabrowski Battalion (Poland), the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion (Canada), and the Naftali Botwin Company (Poland and Spain, including a Jewish unit).
    [Show full text]
  • Kindred Ambivalence
    KINDRED AMBIVALENCE: ART AND THE ADULT-CHILD DYNAMIC IN AMERICA’S COLD WAR by MICHAEL MARBERRY A THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of English in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2010 Copyright Michael Marberry 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT The pervasive ideological dimension of the Cold War resulted in an extremely ambivalent period in U.S. history, marked by complex and conflicting feelings. Nowhere is this ambivalence more clearly seen than in the American home and in the relationship between adults and children. Though the adult-child dynamic has frequently harbored ambivalent feelings, the American Cold War era—with its increased emphasis on the family in the face of ideological struggle—served to highlight this ambivalence. Believing that art reveals historical and cultural concerns, this project explores the extent to which adult-child ambivalence is prominent within American art from the period—particularly, the coming-of-age story, as it is a genre intrinsically concerned with the interactions between adults and children. Chapter one features an analysis of Katherine Anne Porter’s “Old Order” coming-of-age sequence, specifically “The Source” and “The Circus.” Establishing Porter’s relevance to the Cold War period, this chapter illustrates how her young heroine (Miranda Gay) experiences ambivalence within her familial relationships—which, in turn, comes to foreshadow and represent the adult-child ambivalence within the Cold War period. Chapter two expands its scope to include a larger historical context and a different artistic mode. With the rise of cinema during the Cold War period, the horror film became a genre extremely interested in adult-child ambivalence, frequently depicting the child as a destructive force and the adult as a victim of parenthood.
    [Show full text]
  • WW2-Spain-Tripbook.Pdf
    SPAIN 1 Page Spanish Civil War (clockwise from top-left) • Members of the XI International Brigade at the Battle of Belchite • Bf 109 with Nationalist markings • Bombing of an airfield in Spanish West Africa • Republican soldiers at the Siege of the Alcázar • Nationalist soldiers operating an anti-aircraft gun • HMS Royal Oakin an incursion around Gibraltar Date 17 July 1936 – 1 April 1939 (2 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 1 day) Location Spain Result Nationalist victory • End of the Second Spanish Republic • Establishment of the Spanish State under the rule of Francisco Franco Belligerents 2 Page Republicans Nationalists • Ejército Popular • FET y de las JONS[b] • Popular Front • FE de las JONS[c] • CNT-FAI • Requetés[c] • UGT • CEDA[c] • Generalitat de Catalunya • Renovación Española[c] • Euzko Gudarostea[a] • Army of Africa • International Brigades • Italy • Supported by: • Germany • Soviet Union • Supported by: • Mexico • Portugal • France (1936) • Vatican City (Diplomatic) • Foreign volunteers • Foreign volunteers Commanders and leaders Republican leaders Nationalist leaders • Manuel Azaña • José Sanjurjo † • Julián Besteiro • Emilio Mola † • Francisco Largo Caballero • Francisco Franco • Juan Negrín • Gonzalo Queipo de Llano • Indalecio Prieto • Juan Yagüe • Vicente Rojo Lluch • Miguel Cabanellas † • José Miaja • Fidel Dávila Arrondo • Juan Modesto • Manuel Goded Llopis † • Juan Hernández Saravia • Manuel Hedilla • Carlos Romero Giménez • Manuel Fal Conde • Buenaventura Durruti † • Lluís Companys • José Antonio Aguirre Strength 1936
    [Show full text]
  • THIS IS WAR ! ROBERT CAPA at WORK THIS IS ROBERT CAPA at Work WAR RICHARD WHELAN
    THIS IS WAR ! ROBERT CAPA AT WORK THIS IS ROBERT CAPA at work WAR RICHARD WHELAN Steidl CONTENTS “If your pictures aren’t good enough, you’re not close enough,” the renowned Robert Capa said about Director’s Foreword 6 photography. These words could just as easily apply to the philosophy shared by all of us at BNP Paribas, Introduction by Christopher Phillips 8 the bank for a changing world. Capa spent most of his professional life traveling internationally, becoming intimately involved with the people and events he recorded. His work, seen in this exhibition and accompanying catalogue, shows how that approach creates exceptional results. BNP Paribas follows the same approach at all our locations in eighty-five countries around the world. THIS IS WAR ! ROBERT CAPA AT WORK We take pride in getting close to our clients. We apply the insights we gain from that intimacy to deliver banking and finance solutions capable of meeting their individual needs. by Richard Whelan On behalf of my 150,000 colleagues around the world, let me express our thanks for being part of this exhibition of Capa’s distinguished work. Let me also congratulate the International Center of Photography for its exceptional work in helping people explore the possibilities of the art of photography. 1 Robert Capa and the Rise of the Picture Press 11 Please enjoy this book and the exhibition. 2 The Falling Soldier, 1936 53 3 China, 1938 88 Sincerely, 4 This Is War! The End of the Spanish Civil War in Catalonia, 1938–39 134 Everett Schenk Chief Executive Officer 5 D-Day, June 6, 1944 206 BNP Paribas North America 6 Leipzig, 1945 252 Chronology Checklist of the Exhibition Bibliography DIRECTOR’S FOREW0RD Few photographers of the last century have had such a broad and last- recorder; he had a point of view and that, more than any blind pursuit tinguished cultural historian, Richard’s magisterial biography of Capa, Other important contributors include Christian Passeri and Sylvain ing influence as Robert Capa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spanish Communist Party in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Vol
    The Defence of Madrid: The Spanish Communist Party in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Vol. Amanda Marie Spencer Ph. D. History Department of History, University of Sheffield June 2006 i Contents: - List of plates iii List of maps iv Summary v Introduction 5 1 The PCE during the Second Spanish Republic 17 2 In defence of the Republic 70 3 The defence of Madrid: The emergence of communist hegemony? 127 4 Hegemony vs. pluralism: The PCE as state-builder 179 5 Hegemony challenged 229 6 Hegemony unravelled. The demise of the PCE 274 Conclusion 311 Appendix 319 Bibliography 322 11 Plates Between pp. 178 and 179 I PCE poster on military instruction in the rearguard (anon) 2a PCE poster 'Unanimous obedience is triumph' (Pedraza Blanco) b PCE poster'Mando Unico' (Pedraza Blanco) 3 UGT poster'To defend Madrid is to defend Cataluna' (Marti Bas) 4 Political Commissariat poster'For the independence of Spain' (Renau) 5 Madrid Defence Council poster'First we must win the war' (anon) 6a Political Commissariat poster Training Academy' (Canete) b Political Commissariat poster'Care of Arms' (anon) 7 lzquierda Republicana poster 'Mando Unico' (Beltran) 8 Madrid Defence Council poster'Popular Army' (Melendreras) 9 JSU enlistment poster (anon) 10 UGT/PSUC poster'What have you done for victory?' (anon) 11 Russian civil war poster'Have you enlisted as a volunteer?' (D.Moor) 12 Poster'Sailors of Kronstadt' (Renau) 13 Poster 'Political Commissar' (Renau) 14a PCE Popular Front poster (Cantos) b PCE Popular Front poster (Bardasano) iii Maps 1 Central Madrid in 1931 2 Districts of Madrid in 1931 2 3 Province of Madrid 3 4 District of Cuatro Caminos 4 iv Summary The role played by the Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Espana, PCE) during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39 remains controversial to this day.
    [Show full text]
  • Concordia University Presents
    ConcordiaConcordia UniversityUniversity presentspresents THE 30th ANNUAL SOCIETY FOR ANIMATION STUDIES CONFERENCE | MONTREAL 2018 We would like to begin by acknowledging that Concordia University is located on unceded Indigenous lands. The Kanien’kehá:ka Nation is recognized as the custodians of the lands and waters on which we gather today. Tiohtiá:ke/ Montreal is historically known as a gathering place for many First Nations. Today, it is home to a diverse population of Indigenous and other peoples. We respect the continued connections with the past, present and future in our ongoing relationships with Indigenous and other peoples within the Montreal community. Please clickwww.concordia.ca/about/indigenous.html here to visit Indigenous Directions Concordia. TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcomes 4 Schedule 8-9 Parallel Sessions 10-16 Keynote Speakers 18-20 Screenings 22-31 Exhibitions 33-36 Speakers A-B 39-53 Speakers C-D 54-69 Speakers E-G 70-79 Speakers H-J 80-90 Speakers K-M 91-102 Speakers N-P 103-109 Speakers R-S 110-120 Speakers T-Y 121-132 2018 Team & Sponsors 136-137 Conference Map 138 3 Welcome to Concordia! On behalf of Concordia’s Faculty of Fine Arts, welcome to the 2018 Society for Animation Studies Conference. It’s an honour to host the SAS on its thirtieth anniversary. Concordia University opened a Department of Cinema in 1976 and today, the Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema is the oldest film school in Canada and the largest university-based centre for the study of film animation, film production and film studies in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spanish Foreign Legion in the Spanish Civil War, 1936
    The Spanish Foreign Legion in the Spanish Civil War, 1936 THE Spanish Foreign Legion IN THE Spanish Civil War 1936 José E. Álvarez UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI PRESS Columbia Copyright © 2016 by The Curators of the University of Missouri University of Missouri Press, Columbia, Missouri 65211 Printed and bound in the United States of America All rights reserved. First printing, 2016. ISBN: 978-0-8262-2083-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016937222 This paper meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48, 1984. Typefaces: Sabon and Valentina For Caballero Legionario D. Alejandro Zamacola Monis Contents List of Illustrations / ix List of Maps / xi Foreword / xiii Acknowledgments / xix Introduction / 1 In Spanish Morocco / 13 The Legion Arrives in Andalusia / 27 On the Road to Madrid / 39 Mérida / 61 The Breach of Death: Badajoz / 67 The Battle of the Sierra de Guadalupe / 83 September 1936 / 93 The Battle for the Alcázar of Toledo / 121 From Toledo to Madrid, October 1936 / 129 The Madrid Front, November 1936 / 147 The Madrid Front, December 1936 / 173 With the Second Bandera on the Guipúzcoa-Aragón Front / 181 With the Third Bandera on the Asturian Front / 193 Conclusion / 213 Notes / 219 Bibliography / 275 Index / 283 Illustrations All photos are courtesy of the Archivo de La Legión 1. Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Castejón / 31 2. Legionnaires in Constantina / 48 3. General Francisco Franco with Colonel Juan Yagüe in Seville / 54 4. Machine-gun squad in Mérida / 64 5. Legionnaires entering Toledo / 124 6. Legionnaires advancing on the Madrid front / 151 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Lights and Shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia
    Paul Preston Lights and shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Preston, Paul (2017) Lights and shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia. Bulletin of Spanish Studies. ISSN 1475-3820 DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2018.1388550 © 2017 The Author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85333/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Lights and Shadows in George Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia PAUL PRESTON London School of Economics Despite its misleading title, Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia is almost certainly the most sold and most read book about the Spanish Civil War. It is a vivid and well-written account of some fragments of the war by an acute witness.
    [Show full text]