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ABEM 2019 Conference Proceedings https://www.abem.ca/conference ABEM 2019 Conference Proceedings Innovation, Linkages and Internatlization of Firms August 7-9, 2019 Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), San Jose, Costa Rica 5th Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM 2019) Conference Editors Dr. Luis Camacho, SUNY Empire State College, USA Dr. Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg, Canada (c) Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM) All rights reserved. No part of the proceedings should be reproduced, retained and retrieved in any format without a written permission from the publisher. Published by Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM) Edinburgh House, Room 708, 99 Wellington Crescent Winnipeg R3M 0A2, Canada www.abem.ca [email protected] Indexed: Google Scholar Library and Archives Canada 550 Boul del la Cite Gatineau, QC K1A 0N4 Canada Education ISBN 978-0-9937342-4-3 Typeset in Canada 2019 ii 5th 2019 Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM) Conference Proceedings EDITORIAL MESSAGE Welcome to San Jose, the capital of Costa Rica! It is an honor to welcome you to the 2019 Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM) Conference to be held at the Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) in San Jose, a lively and dynamic metropolis that looks to the future and works for sustainable development, with an exuberant nature that surrounds it, in a valley surrounded by colorful mountains and volcanoes, making the venue ideal to hold the 5th ABEM 2019 conference. This Central American city, very different from others in the region, is a melting pot in which diverse cultures and thoughts merge. Cosmopolitan and traditional, modern and old, in San Jose ABEM participants will enjoy the Tico's friendship and amiability. It is our pleasure to edit the proceedings of the Conference on the theme—Innovation, Linkage and Internalization of Firms, which will gather an ample group of scholars from different countries, enriching the discussions and strategies that support the growth of emerging markets and developing countries. ABEM 2019 will continue to impulse the debate around its three main tracks: Business, Government, and Community. This year, we received 55 submissions from 24 countries, making it true to its mission. In fact, we have representations from almost all the continents. Each submission was peer-reviewed in a double-blind review process by at least two professors who were experts in the area of the submissions. Finally, 25 submissions from 17 countries were selected for presentations. The proceedings contains 18 abstracts and seven papers that were presented at the Conference. We are grateful to UNED for hosting the conference and thank our sponsors, reviewers, authors, keynote speakers, organizers, student assistants, contributors and conference participants. Without their assistance, we would not have been able to edit this proceedings. As always, we will deposit a copy of the proceedings for archiving to Library and Archive, Ottawa, Government of Canada. We look forward to working with you and sharing our experiences and knowledge at this year’s conference and hope to see you again at our annual conferences in the years to come! Sincerely, Dr. Luis Camacho Dr. Satyendra Singh Editor, 5th ABEM 2019 Conference proceedings Editor, 5th ABEM 2019 Conference proceedings Assistant Professor, Business Management Professor, Marketing & International Business SUNY Empire State College, New York University of Winnipeg USA CANADA 5th ABEM 2019 Conference, UNED, August 7-9, San Jose, Costa Rica • https://www.abem.ca/conference iii ABEM CONFERENCE MISSION Knowledge generation, translation and transfer across emerging markets Conference Chair Dr. Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg, Canada Conference Co-Chair Dr. Darina Saxunova, Comenius University Bratislava in Bratislava, Slovakia Communications Chair Dr. Luis Camacho, SUNY Empire Estate College, USA UNED Organizing Committee Dr. Cecilia Barrantes, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Dr. Ana V. Campos, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Dr. Christian Chacón, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Dr. Velia Govaere, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Dr. Virginia Ramírez, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Dr. Hellen Ruiz, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Dr. Ericka Ulloa, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Costa Rica Organizing Committee Dr. Moisés Banks, Universidad APEC (UNAPEC), Dominican Republic Dr. Luis Baquero, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Puerto Rico (PUCPR), USA Dr. Kamel Fantazy, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Fernando Parrado, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Dr. Michael Pasco, San Beda University, Philippines Dr. Julio Ramírez, UPB-Colombia, Colombia Program and Awards Committee Dr. Marianela Cortés-Muñoz, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Dr. Ricardo Monge-González, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Dr. Junwook Yoo, Marshall University, USA Proceedings Editors Dr. Luis Camacho, SUNY Empire State College, USA Dr. Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg, Canada iv 5th 2019 Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM) Conference Proceedings ABEM REGIONAL CHAIRS Africa Dr. Humayun Kabir, Durban University of Technology, South Africa Dr. Peter Lewa, United States International University (USIU), Kenya Asia Dr. Michael Pasco, San Beda University, Philippines Dr. Krishanu Rakshit, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Calcutta, India Caribbean Dr. Luis Camacho, SUNY Empire State College, USA Europe Dr. Xiaozheng Zhang, Nottingham Trent University, UK Middle East Dr. Boaz Barak, Western Galilee College, Israel North America Dr. Ven Sriram, University of Baltimore, USA Latin America Dr. José Brache, Universidad of Auckland, New Zealand 5th ABEM 2019 Conference, UNED, August 7-9, San Jose, Costa Rica • https://www.abem.ca/conference v LIST OF REVIEWERS Dr. Luis Baquero, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Puerto Rico, USA Dr. José Brache, University of Auckland, New Zealand Dr. Luis Camacho, SUNY Empire State College, USA Dr. Ye-Sho Chen, Louisiana State University, USA Dr. Tapas R. Dash, Build Bright University, Cambodia Prof. Boanerges Domíguez, Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC), Dominican Republic Dr. Kamel Fantazy, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Cookie M. Govender, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Dr. Calin Gurau, Montpellier Business School, France Dr. Humayun Kabir, Durban University of Technology, South Africa Dr. Meera Kaur, University of Manitoba, Canada Dr. Samar H. Khan, Emirates Canadian University College, UAE Dr. Basanta Kumar, Freelance Academician and Advocate, India Dr. Fernando Parrado, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Dr. Ivy Kyei-Poku, Laurentian University, Canada Dr. Peter Lewa, United States International University (USIU), Kenya Dr. Michael Pasco, San Beda University, Philippines Dr. Marius Potgieter, North-West University, South Africa Dr. Krishanu Rakshit, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Calcutta, India Dr. Julio Ramírez, UPB-Colombia, Colombia Dr. Darina Saxunova, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia Dr. William Scheela, Bemidji State University, USA Dr. Igor Semenenko, Acadia University, Canada Dr. Satyendra Singh, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Ven Sriram, University of Baltimore, USA Dr. Robert Suphian, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Dr. Irina Vashko, Academy of Public Administration, Belarus Dr. Junwook Yoo, Marshall University, USA vi 5th 2019 Academy of Business and Emerging Markets (ABEM) Conference Proceedings LIST OF AUTHORS Adebisi, Sunday, University of Lagos, Nigeria Baquero, Luis M., Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, USA Boada-Grau, Joan, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain Cabezas, Melissa, Sergio Arboleda University, Colombia Calderón, Stefanny, Sergio Arboleda University, Colombia Camacho, Luis, SUNY Empire State College, USA Chen, Ye-Sho, Louisiana State University, USA Colmekcioglu, Nazan, Nottingham Trent University, UK Domínguez, Boanerges, Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC), Dominican Republic Ducuara, María A. Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Echeberria, Ana L., Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Spain Ficapal-Cusi, Pilar, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain García, Carmen, Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Gómez, Evalina, Ministerio de Economía, Dominican Republic Imagawa, Tomomi, Osaka University, Japan Johnson, Vess L., University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA Kiser, Angelina I. T., University of the Incarnate Word, USA Manoharan, Bhupesh, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Calcutta, India Martinez-Solís, Keller, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Masehela, Kgabo F., University of Johannesburg, South Africa Msamula, Jasinta, Mzumbe University, Tanzania Nakagawa, Koichi, Osaka University, Japan Olarewaju, Adeniyi, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico Omoju, Joshua, Northumbria University, UK Oviedo, Juan E. G., Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Palos-Sánchez, Pedro, Sevilla University, Spain Parrado, Fernando, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Rakshit, Krishanu, Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Calcutta, India Rambocas, Meena, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago Robinson, Ana P., Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Roncancio, Kimberly P., Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Colombia Salazar, Cristian, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile Sarkar, Sudipto, McMaster University, Canada Sarma, Meera, University of Liverpool, UK Sasaki, Masato, Hitotsubashi University,
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