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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18680-4 — Technology in the Industrial Revolution Barbara Hahn Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18680-4 — Technology in the Industrial Revolution Barbara Hahn Index More Information Index Pages in italics indicate an illustration. actor-network theory (ANT), 9 Armley Mills, 130 Age of Exploration, 33–34 See also Gott, Benjamin; wool and Age of Revolutions, 116–17, 118 woolens agriculture, 74 Ashton Canal, 91 craft apprentices and, 51 Assize of Measures (1196), 31–32 enclosure, 52, 74, 80, 191 productivity, 23–24, 191 Baines, Edward, 103 Aire-Calder Navigation Free trade and, 165 Canal, 53 India, attitude toward, 165 Allen, Robert C., 13 myth of Industrial Revolution, 165–66, 178 Anthropocene, 17 Bank of England, 73 Anti-Corn Law leagues, 174 banks, 73, 141 See also Free Trade Bank of England, 73 apprentices See also credit factory workers, 72,77–79, 92, 115, Bean Ing mill, 130, 180, 190 See also Gott, Benjamin; wool and family labor and, 28, 51, 107, 109 woolens free labor, transition to, 109–12 Bengal, 107 machine making and, 76, 132 Bengals, 154 masters’ workshops, 49 Berg, Maxine, 11, 16, 140 See also guilds; labor, child; legislation; Blackpool, 181 patriarchy; workshops bleaching, 50 Arkwright system, 71 See also cloth production New England and, 123 boom and bust cycle, 141–42, 162 proliferation of, 74 See also capitalism slave labor for cotton and, 102 Boulton & Watt, 88, 97, 121, 130 variations on, 124 Boulton, Matthew, 95 Arkwright, Richard Bridgewater Canal, 91, 95, 102 biographical information, 64 Brown family of Rhode Island, 123, 128 Calico Acts and, 69–70 business organization credit for Industrial Revolution, corporations, defined, 125 64, 185 incorporation, 125, 171, 173 labor force of, 110 individual ownership, 100 licensing, 60, 71–75 joint-stock companies, 100, 171, 172 myth of, 57, 64, 185 monopolies, 28–29 patents, 71–75, 84 trading companies, 35–37 steam engine, use of, 96 See also domestic production; Dutch East weavers, housing for, 78 India Company (VOC); East India See also factory; water-frames Company (EIC); guilds; workshops 217 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18680-4 — Technology in the Industrial Revolution Barbara Hahn Index More Information 218 Index calico, 40 elites, and luxury goods, 30 Calico Acts (1701, 1721), 51, 70, 152 See also sumptuary laws and Indian cottons, global market formation, 117–18, 138–40 for, 108 industrialist class, 117, 164 Manchester, rise of, 91 middle class, 148, 189 repeal of, 85–86, 185 Peterloo and formation of, 138–40 wool and worsted protections, 86 political activities, 137, 160 Calico Craze, 16, 41, 51 working class, 135–37, 140, 160–62, Callico Madams, 51 181 canals, 53 See also collective bargaining; Aire-Calder Navigation Canal, 53 Combination Acts (1799, 1800) Ashton Canal, 91 clockmaker’s work, 76 early use of, 189 cloth markets, 52–54 factory location and, 97, 98 Cloth Hall, Leeds, 54, 55, 182, 183 Leeds and Liverpool Canal, 102 yarns, 129 Mersey and Irwell Navigation Act cloth production (1721), 91 bleaching, 50 railroads and, 147, 166 carding, 25, 49, 64, 65–67, 77, 88, Rochdale Canal, 91 128, 133 steam engines and, 97 combing, 48, 128 See also railroads; transportation cropping, 44, 69, 129 Cannadine, David, 14 dyeing, 26, 50, 85–86, 216 capitalism, 100, 141–42 finishing, 25, 31, 69 definition of, 7 fulling, 26, 31–32 historiography, 10 knitting frames, 44, 134 Middle Ages, 31–32 printing, 50, 85–86 See also capitalism, industrial; putting-out system, 47–50 mercantilism silk (throwing), 65, 113 capitalism, industrial spinning, 25 capital investments, 169, 171, 172 stocking frames, 44 examples of, 51, 188–91 water-frames, 64–67, 66 mercantilism, persistence of, 178 weaving (silk), persistence of han- preexisting economic structures dloom, 157 See plantations cloth types workshops and, 109 Bengals, 154 capitalism, laissez-faire,mythof,1,175–79, calico, 40 185 muslins, 154 See also Free Trade; Smith, Adam silk and silk blends, 31, 46 capitalism, proprietary, 127 See also cotton; fustian; linen; wool and capital-labor substitution, 79 woolens; worsteds carding, 25, 49, 64, 65–67, 77, 88, 128 coal, 12, 91, 144 See also cloth production cost of, 95, 97 Carding engines, 72,74 versus waterfalls, 144 Carnot, Sadi, 145 See also steam engines Cartwright, Edmund, 155 collective bargaining, 139 Chambers of Commerce, 173 and working class, 140 Chartism, 135, 160 Combination Acts (1799, 1800), 117, 131 Chase, Malcolm, 1820 (2013), 17 and incorporation, 171 china, 34, 36 repeal of (1824), 139, 160, 171 chintz, 40 combing, 48, 128 Church of England See also cloth production apprentices and poor laws, 69, 77 commerce, 100–2 dissent from, 118, 161 consumer culture, 33–34, 36, 182, 183, 189 class sumptuary laws and, 30, 34, 41 consciousness, 137, 140 See also fashion; Paisley shawls © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18680-4 — Technology in the Industrial Revolution Barbara Hahn Index More Information Index 219 consumption, separation from production, drought, 142 4, 161 See also water power contextualist analysis, 8–9, 11 Dutch East India Company (VOC), 36, 40 Corn Laws, 74, 137, 142 dyeing, 26, 50, 85–86 landed gentry, benefit to, 174 bleaching, 50 repeal of, 175, 185 See also cloth production See also Anti-Corn Law leagues; Free Trade East India Company (EIC) corporations See also capitalism; mercantilism See business organization British empire and, 150 cotton government, functioning as, 37, 107, 150 adoption of in England, 40–41 Indian cloth and, 36, 43 blends, 50 Industrial Revolution, credit for, 40–41 cultivation of, 104 Industrial Revolution, responds to, 108 economic impact of, 2 joint-stock company, 171 government prohibition against, 70 North American customers, 41, 102, 108 importation of, 2, 102, 103, 104 shawls and, 152, 163 in Middle Ages, 30 slave trade and, 41–42 mechanization, relation to other fibers, Edgerton, David, 10 86–89, 128 efficiency price of, 104 definition of, 121 processing of meaning of, 146 See spinning; weaving term, changing meaning of, 85–86 profitability of, 70 enclosure, 52, 74, 80, 191 trade in, 36 energy vertical integration of, 168 comparisons between power systems, weaving, 156 120, 121 See also East India Company (EIC); See also efficiency; thermodynamics Indian cloth; Liverpool Cotton Engels, Friedrich, 136, 179 Brokers’ Association; slavery; engineering firms, 76, 132 United States cotton brokers factory emergence of, 101 Arkwright-style, 71–75, 72 cotton mills buildings, growth of, 94 and steam engines, 96, 97, 98 definition of, 68 credit, 31, 73, 141 division of labor and, 169 See also banks; boom and bust invention of, 64, 68–69, 190 cycle meaning of, 67 Crompton, Samuel, 81–82, 84 plantation as precursor, 186 See also spinning mules See also labor, industrial; mass produc- cropping, 44, 69, 129 tion; putting-out system See also cloth production Factory Act (1833), 109 Crusades, 32–34 Factory Act (1847), 175 Crystal Palace, 182 fashion, 114, 162 custom-made goods, 54 as social status marker, 30, 34, 41 mechanization and, 127, 131 Darby, Abraham, 189 royals and, 40, 164 demography, 22, 23–24, 191 See also class Derbyshire, 44, 113 financial revolution Derby silk mill, 68, 113 See banks domestic production, 25–26, 169, 181 flying shuttle, 59, 113 legacy of in factories, 179 bottleneck created by, 59, 62, 155, See also factory; labor, industrial; 166 patriarchy; putting-out system Industrial Revolution, credit for, 57–60 Drinkwater, Peter, 96 See also looms; weaving © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-18680-4 — Technology in the Industrial Revolution Barbara Hahn Index More Information 220 Index food prices, 134, 142, 174 economic history, labor, source of, See also Corn Laws 80 France economic history, wages, 79–80 French Revolution, 73, 116–17 environmental history, 17 Napoleonic Wars, 73, 141 global history, 15 slave trade and, 42 labor history, 17 textile production of, 11, 37, 191 national history, 14 war with, 73, 108, 117, 118 science history, 14 Free Trade, 174–79, 185 Hockley Mill, 63, 74 See also Corn Laws Horsfall, William, 134 freemen housing, 77 See guilds, Middle Ages mill villages, New England, 124–27 fuller’s earth, 26 See also domestic production; Manchester fulling, 26 Hudson, Patricia, 11, 16 mechanization of (Middle Ages), 31–32 Hughes, Thomas P., 8–9 See also cloth production Humphries, Jane, 13, 17, 79 fustian, 31, 40, 50, 60, 70, 87 Hunt, Henry, 138–39 Industrial Revolution and, 113 putting-out system and, 113 imperialism, 35–36, 150, 163, 175 See also East India Company (EIC); Gama, Vasco da, 34 mercantilism General Chamber of Manufacturers, 117 incorporation gig-mills, 44, 87, 129, 132, 133 See under business organization Gott, Benjamin, 130, 132 India and apprenticeship, 131 England, relationship with, 107, See also wool and woolens 149–50, 163 government, 1, 65, 66,73 Indian cloth See also legislation; mercantilism; competition, 6, 85–86, 148, patents 163 Great Exhibition in London (1851), 182 demand for, 182 Greg, Robert Hyde, 174 designs of, 39 See also Free Trade division of labor, 43 Greg, Samuel, 73, 75, 77 domestic production, 38 labor force of, 92, 110 EIC and, 36 See also Church of England, dissent from; English language, effects on, 41 Quarry Bank mill industrialization, 149 Griffin, Emma, 17 protection against, 70 guilds, 171 quality of, 43 Combination Acts, 117 regional specialties, 38 decline of, 132 slave trade and, 41–42 legacy of in factories,
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