Davao Occidental

DAVAO OCCIDENTAL

September 3, 2019 Grand Regal Hotel, Davao City 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Profiles of the Households and Individual Members Socioeconomic Status

• refers to the social standing or class of an individual or group. It is often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation.

Adapted from APA’s Socioeconomic Status Office publications Operational Definitions Wealth Index • The wealth index is a composite measure of a household's cumulative living standard. The wealth index is calculated by principal component analysis using data on household’s ownership of selected assets, materials used for housing construction and types of water access and sanitation facilities. Wealth Index • The wealth index categorizes the households into 5 wealth quintiles , allowing us to see how the common health and nutrition indicators differs between the poor and non-poor. • For the provincial and HUCs estimates, wealth status are classified as poor for the bottom 30% of the income group and the non-poor for the upper 30%. Operational Definitions Highest Educational Attainment* • refers to the highest grade/year of formal schooling completed by each member of the household and not the total years attended • Regrouped into: a) none - no grade completed b) elementary level - the stage of formal education concerned with providing the first six years of basic education. c) secondary level - the stage of formal education following the elementary level concerned primarily with continuing basic education and expanding it to include the learning of employable gainful skills, usually corresponding to four years of high school d) college level - the stage of formal education following the secondary level covering non-degree programs that have varying duration for three months to three years, concerned primarily with developing strong and appropriately trained middle-level skilled manpower possessing capabilities supportive of national development. e) others - Alternative Learning System, SPED , Arabic Schooling

* Phil. Standard Classification of Education (PSCEd) Operational Definitions Occupation • The occupation of each individual members of the household, 10 years old and above in the past 6 months • 2012 Philippine Standard Occupational Codes (PSOC) is a statistical classification of the different occupational groups of the working population, including the military work force in the country Sociodemographic Profile • refers to groupings or categories created commonly used to describe certain population groups: a) age - refers to the exact age of each household member as of his/her last birthday b) sex - refers to the sex of the household member as males and females c) type of residence - urban-rural classification Operational Definitions d) Civil status - status of an individual in relation to marriage and classified as: a) single - a person who has never been married b) married - a person who has been united in matrimony with another person of opposite sex through a religious or civil rites. To be considered married, the couple should still be living together, or if living apart from each other, the separation must only be temporary (e.g. working elsewhere, attending seminars, etc) c) separated - a person whose partner has left permanently, with or without legal sanctions. d) widowed - a person who has been married before, whether formally or consensually but his/her partner has died and has not remarried at the time of visit. e) common law/live-in – those who live together consensually with another as husband or wife Operational Definitions

Household • an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily bound by ties of kinship, who sleep in the same housing unit and have a common arrangement for the preparation and consumption of food. Operational Definitions Household Head • person who generally provides the chief source of income for the household unit • adult person, male or female, who is responsible for the organization and care of the household or who is regarded as such by the members of the household Davao Occidental Profile of Households Household Size Sex of Household Members

Mean 4.5

5 members and below 72.8%

Male Female More than 5 27.2% members 47.9% 52.1% Population Groups

Age groups n (%) Women of Reproductive Age 0-23 months 197 4.6 n (%)

24-71 months 539 12.5 54 5.1% 72-120 months 596 12.3 154 14.5% >10-19 years 967 18.2

20-59 years 2,133 45.2 925 80.4%

60 years and over 442 7.2 Profile of Household Heads Sex Civil Status 100

80 70.5

40 Male Female 20 13.2 11.7 85.8% 14.2% 2.6 1.9 0 Separated Single Common Widowed Married Law/Live-in Farmers, Forestry workers, Fishermen 59.0 Plant and machine operators 7.4 Service Workers 6.0 Occupation Laborers and unskilled workers 13.5 Craft and related traders workers 7.8 Technicians and associate prof 1.6 Officials of the gov't, Corporate executives, managers, supervisors 2.3 Professionals 1.2 Clerks 0.7 Not classified 0.5 Special Occupations 0.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

70 60.3 60 50 Educational 40 30 21.4 Attainment 20 12.3 6.1 10 0.0 0 No education Elementary Secondary College level Others level level Food Security Status Davao Occidental, 2018 Percentage of households by food security status: Davao Occidental, 2018

100 100 Philippines Davao Occidental 80 80

60 46.1 60 49.4* % 40 28.8 % 40 17.9* 22.7* 20 12.3 12.8 20 10.0

0 0 Food Secure Mildly Food Moderately Severely Food Food Secure Mildly Food Moderately Severely Food Insecure Food Insecure Insecure Insecure Food Insecure Insecure

90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval LL 44.1 11.7 27.1 11.2 LL 15.1 8.4 46.8 20.1 UL 48.0 12.9 30.5 14.4 UL 20.7 11.7 52.0 25.3 * Significantly different at 10% level of significance Percentage of households by food security status: Davao Occidental, 2016 & 2018

100 100 2016 2018 80 80

60 46.7 60 49.4 % 40 % 40 26.3 22.7 16.6 17.9 20 10.4 20 10.0

0 0 Food Secure Mildly Food Moderately Severely Food Food Secure Mildly Food Moderately Severely Food Insecure Food Insecure Insecure Insecure Food Insecure Insecure

90% Confidence Interval 90% Confidence Interval LL 14.4 9.0 44.5 23.4 LL 15.1 8.4 46.8 20.1 UL 18.9 11.9 48.8 29.1 UL 20.7 11.7 52.0 25.3 Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Davao Occidental, 2018 Percentage of food insecure households = 82.1%

Worried about food 78.5 21.5 Yes No Unable to eat preferred food 78.1 21.9 Ate just a few kinds of food 74.2 25.8 Ate food they really do not want to eat 70.6 29.4 Ate a smaller meal 66.4 33.6 Ate a fewer meals in a day 42.5 57.5 Had no food of any kind in the household 16.7 83.3 Experienced going to sleep hungry 15.5 84.5 Experienced going a whole day and night without eating 8.1 91.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 % 60 70 80 90 100 Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head: Davao Occidental, 2018

Food Secure Food Insecure 100 94.3 82.1 86.3 82.8 76.9 80.5 77.6 80

40 23.1 19.5 22.4 Percentage 17.9 17.2 20 13.7 5.7 0 Davao Occidental Poor* Non-poor 1-5 members More than 5 Male Female members Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head

* p<0.10 Summary

Davao Occidental

Food insecurity is higher among poorer households (bottom, 30%). Nutritional Status of Filipino Preschool-Age Children Davao Occidental Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, under-five years old (0-59 months): Philippines, 2003-2018

40 33.8 33.7 32.9 32.2 33.4 30.3 30.3 30

21.5 20.7 20.0 20.2 20.0 20.0 19.1 20

8.0 10 7.3 7.1 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.6 1.9 5.1 3.5 4.3 3.9 4.0 0 2.9 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-height Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) in the Philippines and Davao Occidental: ENNS, 2018 Philippines Davao Occidental 50 50 40.8 40 30.3 40 30 30 19.1 21.0 20 20

5.6 (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 4.0 10 5.2 1.4 0 0 Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height 90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight- 90% Underweight Stunting * Wasting Overweight-* for-Height CI for-Height Lower 17.7 28.2 5.2 3.6 Lower 18.2 37.0 3.5 0.3 Limit Limit Upper 20.5 32.4 6.1 4.3 Upper 23.8 44.7 6.9 2.5 Limit Limit Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) in Davao Occidental: LFHNS, 2016 & ENNS, 2018 50 44.4 40.8 40

30 24.8 21.0

20 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

10 5.0 5.2 1.8 1.4 0 Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental ENNS, 2018

60 Underweight 60 Stunting 54.7 50 50 42.5 40.8 39.1 40 40 35.5 28.4 30 21.0 22.6 30 19.3 17.0 20 20 10

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 0 All Male Female Poor * Non- All Male Female Poor* Non- Poor Poor Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental ENNS, 2018

20 Wasting 20 Overweight-for-Height

10 10 6.2 5.2 5.3

4.0 4.9 Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 0.4 0 0 All Male Female Poor Non- All Male Female Poor Non- Poor Poor in preschool-age children Prevalence of anemia among preschool-age children 6 mos to 5 years old (6-71 months) in Davao Occidental: ENNS, 2018

20 14.3 12.5 12.0 11.2

10 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 90% CI Philippines DavaoDavao Occidental MaleMale FemaleFemale Occidental Lower 12.8 7.7 8.5 5.1 Limit Upper 15.9 16.3 16.6 17.3 Limit PREVALENCE OF IDD AND VAD • Urinary iodine excretion and the determination of IDD is not covered among preschool-age children.

• Serum retinol and the determination of Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is in-progress. Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices Breastfeeding Practices Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by breastfeeding practices

100 Philippines 100 Davao Occidental 82.1 80 80 74.4 69.2 65.6 60 54.9 50.6 60

40 33.1 40 34.3

Proportions (%) Proportions 20 20 (%) Proportions

0 0 Timely Exclusive Continued Continued Timely Exclusive* Continued Continued breastfeeding breastfeeding breastfeeding breastfeeding breastfeeding breastfeeding breastfeeding breastfeeding initiation at 1 year at 2 years initiation at 1 year at 2 years

90% CI 90% CI

Lower Limit 65.2 51.2 45.4 29.3 Lower Limit 68.4 73.2 48.8 17.2 Upper Limit 73.1 58.5 55.9 37.0 Upper Limit 80.5 91.0 82.5 51.4 Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by breastfeeding practices in Davao Occidental: LFHNS, 2016 & ENNS, 2018 100

82.1 78.5 80 74.4 76.4 64.0 65.6 60

40 34.3

28.4 Proportion (%) Proportion

0 Timely breastfeeding Exclusive breastfeeding Continued Continued initiation breastfeeding at 1 year breastfeeding at 2 years LFHN 2016 ENNS 2018 Complementary Feeding Practices MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY

Proportion of children 6-23 months of age Minimum Dietary who receive foods from 4 or more food Diversity: groups (DDS > 4) of the following 7 food groups:

1. Grains, roots and tubers 3. Legumes and Nuts 6. Vitamin A rich fruits & vegetables

5. Eggs 7. Other fruits & vegetables 2. Dairy Products 4. Flesh Meat Minimum Meal Frequency

Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed Minimum children 6-23 months who received solid, Meal semi-solid, or soft foods consumed at the Frequency: minimum number of times per day

Defined as: 2x for breastfed infants 6-8 months old 3x for breastfed children 9-23 months old 4x for non-breastfed children 6-23 months old Minimum Acceptable Diet

Proportion of children 6-23 months Minimum meeting both the minimum dietary diversity Acceptable and the minimum meal frequency to Diet: ensure both dietary and nutrient adequacy. Proportion of children 6-23 months, by complementary feeding practices 100 89.0 Philippines 100 90.7 Davao Occidental

80 80

60 60

40 40

23.0 19.3 Proportions (%) Proportions Proportions (%) Proportions 20 13.4 20 13.9

0 0 Minimum Dietary Minimum Meal Minimum Minimum Dietary Minimum Meal Minimum Diversity Frequency Acceptable Diet Diversity Frequency Acceptable Diet

90% CI 90% CI Lower Limit 21.1 87.6 12.4 Lower Limit 11.9 87.2 6.8 Upper Limit 24.9 90.4 14.4 Upper Limit 26.7 94.2 21.0 Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by complementary feeding practices in Davao Occidental: LFHNS, 2016 & ENNS, 2018 100 90.7 84.6 80

Proportion (%) Proportion 19.3 20 12.2 13.9 6.6 0 Minimum Dietary Minimum Meal Minimum Acceptable Diversity Frequency Diet

LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 Summary Among preschool-age children… • Stunting and underweight prevalence are public health problems with “high” to “very high” severity. • Overweight and obesity is not much of a problem in the area. • Anemia is a “mild” public health problem. • Exclusive breastfeeding is higher than national estimate but continued breastfeeding up to 1 or 2 years are not common. Summary Among preschool-age children… • Complementary feeding is inadequate in energy and nutrient as indicated by low minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Nutritional Status of Filipino School-Age Children Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old in the Philippines and Davao Occidental: ENNS 2018 Philippines Davao Occidental 40 40 36.4 30.2 30 24.9 24.6 30 20 11.6 20 7.6

10 10 5.3 3.5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 (%) Prevalence 0 Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese 90% Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & 90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & CI Obese * * Obese * Lower 23.1 22.8 7.2 10.4 Lower 26.7 31.9 3.7 2.4 Limit Limit Upper 26.8 26.5 7.9 12.9 Upper 33.7 40.9 6.9 4.7 Limit Limit Prevalence of malnutrition among children 5 to 10 years old in Davao Occidental: LFHNS, 2016 & ENNS, 2018

50 44.3 38.9 40 36.4 30.2 30

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 20

10 5.3 3.6 2.1 3.5 0 Underweight* Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese

LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental ENNS, 2018

60 Underweight 60 Stunting 55.6

50 50 39.0 36.4 38.2 40 32.4 40 34.8 30.2 28.3 30 27.8 25.8 30

20 20

10 (%) Prevalence 10 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 0 All Male Female Poor Non- All Male Female Poor* Non- Poor Poor Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental ENNS, 2018

30 Wasting 30 Overweight & Obese

20 20

10 10 5.3 6.4 5.5 5.1

4.0 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.3 Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0.6 0 0 All Male Female Poor Non- All Male Female Poor Non- Poor Poor in school-age children Prevalence of anemia among school-age children (6 to 12 years old) in Davao Occidental: ENNS, 2018

13.5 12.7 11.1 9.7

10 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 90% CI PhilippinesPhilippines DavaoDavao Occidental MaleMale FemaleFemale Occidental Lower 11.8 7.1 7.7 5.9 Limit Upper 15.2 15.2 17.7 13.5 Limit Iodine Status among School-age children in Davao Occidental Median UIE and Prevalence of UIE below 50ug/L among school-age children (6 to 12 years old) in Davao Occidental: ENNS, 2018

300 40 38.4 250 31.9 30 200 180 25.5

150 20

Median 93 100 11.5 10

50 (%) Prevalence

0 0 Philippines Davao Occidental Philippines Davao Male Female 90% CI Philippines Davao Occidental 90% Philippines Davao Male Female * Occidental * * CI Occidental Lower 177.6 83.0 Limit Lower 10.3 28.2 20.5 31.6 Limit Upper 183.2 103.5 Upper 12.7 35.5 30.6 45.2 Limit Limit

*Iodine Intake <100 ug/L – Insufficient 100-199 ug/L – Adequate 200-299 ug/L – More than Adequate 300 ug/L and up - Excessive Summary Among school-age children… • Underweight improved from 2016 to 2018 but remains to be a “high” public health problem; • Stunting is of public health problem with high severity, • Wasting prevalence is lower than national prevalence. • Overweight is not much of a problem in the area, • Anemia prevalence is a public health problem with mild severity. • Iodine intake is inadequate based on median urinary iodine excretion, and significant pockets of IDD exist with 1 in every 3 schoolchildren is affected. Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents Nutritional Status of Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018 50 50 PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES 43.8 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL

40 40

30 26.3 30

20 20

11.3 11.6 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 6.9 10 10 4.9

0 0 Stunting Wasting Overweight/obese Stunting* Wasting* Overweight/Obese *

90% LL 24.7 10.5 10.7 90% LL 39.4 5.4 3.7 CI CI UL 28.0 12.1 12.5 UL 48.2 8.3 6.1 Nutritional Status of Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Davao Occidental, 2016 and 2018

50 48.2 43.8

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 7.2 6.9 3.7 4.9

0 Stunting Wasting Overweight/Obese 2016 2018 Prevalence of Stunting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018 100

80 58.7 60 43.8 45.4 42.0 37.2 40

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 20

0 All Male Female Poor * Non Poor Prevalence of Wasting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018 20

10 8.3 6.9 7.0 7.1 5.4

5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 All Male Female Poor Non Poor Prevalence of Overweight/Obese among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

10 6.8 4.9 5.4 5

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2.9 3.0

0 All Male Female Poor Non * Poor Insufficiently Physically Active Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

100 76.3 80 69.2

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 20

0 Philippines Davao Occidental*

LL 74.8 65.9 90% CI UL 77.7 72.5 Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

100

80 69.2 74.2 70.5 63.4 64.2 60

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 20

0 * All Male Female Poor Non Poor Smoking Status of Filipino Adolescents Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines, 2018 and Davao Occidental, 2016 and 2018

10.0 Philippines Davao

8.0 Occidental

6.0 4.0 4.0

4.0 3.6 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2.0

0.0 2018 2016 2018 90% LL 3.7 2.9 2.3 CI UL 4.4 5.2 5.0 Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

8 7.5

6 3.6 3.9 4 3.1

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2 0.2 0 All Male Female Poor Non * Poor Drinking Status of Filipino Adolescents Proportion of current drinkers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

30 Philippines Davao 25 Occidental

20 16.8 15

10 8.5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 5.7 5

0 2018 2016 2018 90% LL 15.2 4.4 6.7 CI UL 18.4 6.9 10.4 Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018 10 8.1 8 7.2

2 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 Philippines Davao Occidental

LL 7.4 3.7 90% UL 8.8 10.7 CI Significance Mild Low to Mild Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old by sex: Davao Occidental, 2018

15 10.5 10 7.2 4.7

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 5

0 All Male Female Summary

• About 2 in every 5 adolescents in Davao Occidental are stunted in 2018; the prevalence decreased by 4.4 percentage points from 2016 to 2018. • Majority of adolescents are insufficiently physically inactive • Prevalence of current smokers are higher in adolescent males than in females • Anemia prevalence among adolescents in Davao Occidental is slightly lower than the national estimate though not statistically significant. Nutrition Situation of Women of Reproductive Age in Davao Occidental

Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among non- pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old, 2018

PHILIPPINES DAVAO OCCIDENTAL CED Overweight and Obese CED Overweight and Obese 50 50 40 35.3 40 33.5 30 30 20 7.8 20

10 10 5.6 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 (%) Prevalence 0

90% CI CED Overweight and Obese 90% CI CED* Overweight and Obese Lower Limit 7.3 33.7 Lower Limit 4.1 30.8 Upper Limit 8.3 36.9 Upper Limit 7.2 36.1

Proportion nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women: Davao Occidental, 2018 50 40 30 20.1 20.6 20 10

0 Prevalence (%) Prevalence Philippines Davao Occidental

90% CI LL 17.5 12.6 UL 22.8 28.5 Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women: Davao Occidental, 2016 & 2018

50 40 28.2 30 20.6 20

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among lactating mothers, 2018 PHILIPPINES DAVAO OCCIDENTAL CED Overweight and Obese CED Overweight and Obese 50 50 40 28.5 40 28.1 30 30 20 11.0 20

10 10 6.9 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 (%) Prevalence 0

90% CI CED Overweight and Obese 90% CI CED* Overweight and Obese Lower Limit 9.5 26.1 Lower Limit 4.6 21.2 Upper Limit 12.5 30.9 Upper Limit 9.1 35.0 Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among lactating mothers: Davao Occidental, 2016 & 2018 50 40 28.1 30 20 11.0 13.6 10 6.9

0 Prevalence (%) Prevalence CED Overweight and Obese LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

Prevalence of anemia among lactating mothers and non- pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Davao Occidental, 2018 Non- Preg/Lact Lactating 20 14.4 13.8 15 11.6 9.2 10 5 (%) 0

Prevalence Prevalence Philippines Davao Occidental

90% CI NPNL Lactating 90% CI NPNL Lactating Lower Limit 11.0 12.5 Lower Limit 6.8 3.1 Upper Limit 12.3 16.3 Upper Limit 11.5 24.5 Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE ) among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

200 170 Non- Preg/Lact 103 111 Lactating

100 63 Median 0 Philippines Davao Occidental

90% CI NPNL Lactating 90% CI NPNL* Lactating* Lower Limit 167.9 98.5 Lower Limit 98.7 48.6 Upper Limit 172.1 106.5 Upper Limit 124.0 76.5

Iodine Intake <100 ug/L – Insufficient 100-199 ug/L – Adequate 200-299 ug/L – More than Adequate 300 ug/L and up - Excessive Prevalence of UIE below 50ug/L among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non- lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Davao Occidental, 2018

Non- Preg/Lact Lactating 50 45.4 40 27.4 30 21.2 20 11.3 10 0 Prevalence (%) Prevalence Philippines Davao Occidental

90% CI NPNL Lactating 90% CI NPNL* Lactating* Lower Limit 10.7 19.7 Lower Limit 23.5 32.9 Upper Limit 12.0 22.8 Upper Limit 31.3 57.8 Summary

• Iodine intake of non- pregnant/non-lactating women is adequate while lactating mothers is insufficient based on median UIE. Summary

• 1 in every 3 non-pregnant/non-lactating women is overweight/obese.

• Prevalence of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant declined 7.6 percentage points from 2016 to 2018.

• Among lactating mothers, prevalence of CED declined by 4.7 percentage points from 2016 to 2018. Although, the prevalence of overweight/obese increased by 14.5 percentage points for the same time period.

• Prevalence of anemia among non- pregnant/non-lactating women and lactating mothers slightly lower than the national estimate though not statistically significant. Health and Nutritional Status of Filipino Adults Davao Occidental Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency and Overweight and Obesity among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018 50

40 37.2 31.1 31.1 26.6 28.4 30 24.0 20.2

20 16.6 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 13.9 13.2 12.3 11.6 10.0 10.0 10.3 8.0 0

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points Nutritional Status of Adults, 20-59 years old: Philippines, 2015 and 2018 50 2015 2018 40 28.8 30 24.7 20 9.0 9.6 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 6.9 7.2

0 Chronic Energy Overweight* Obese * Deficient * * significantly different at 5% level of significance

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points Nutritional Status of Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

50 PHILIPPINES 50 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL 40 40 28.8 30 30 24.0 20 20 9.6

10 6.9 10 5.7 6.8

Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 0 Chronic Energy Overweight Obese Chronic Energy Overweight * Obese* Deficiency Deficiency *

90% LL 6.6 28.4 9.3 90% LL 4.9 22.2 5.7 CI UL 7.1 29.2 9.9 CI UL 6.5 25.8 8.0

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Nutritional Status of Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018 30 24.0 20 17.4 11.0 10 6.8

4.8 5.7 Prevalence Prevalence (%) 0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 Chronic Energy Deficiency* Overweight* Obese 90% CI CED Overweight Obesity 90% CI CED Overweight Obesity LL 9.4 15.8 3.8 LL 4.9 22.2 5.7 UL 12.6 18.9 5.7 UL 6.5 25.8 8.0

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

20 20 20

15 15 15 10.9 10 8.0 10 10 7.3 6.8 5.7 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 4.6 5 3.7 4.4 5 5 4.3

0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female Poor * Non-Poor * significantly different at 10% level of significance Overweight and Obesity among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

50 50 50

40 40 40 (b) (b) 29.1 30 27.6 30 30 27.8 24.0 25.5 25.5 (a) 17.8 19.2 20 20 20 (a)

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 13.0 (b) (b) 8.7 8.5 10 6.8 7.5 10 (a) 8.4 10 4.7 6.4 5.3 (a) 1.8 0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female Poor Non-Poor Different letters represent significant difference between groups ■ Overweight ■ Obese at 10% level of significance Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist Circumference (WC)° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 2003-2018 40 Male Female 30 23.1 23.5 19.0 19.9 18.5 20 17.0

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.9 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

° High WC is ≥102 cm (>40in) for males or ≥88 cm (>34in) for females Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR)° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 2003-2018 Male Female 80 65.5 62.5 63.2 63.7 57.9 60 54.8 *

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 20 12.1 11.1 6.9 8.0 7.1 8.3

0 * 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

° High WHR is ≥1.00 for males or ≥0.85 for females Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

100 PHILIPPINES 100 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL 80 80

60 60 35.3 40 40 28.5 13.5 20

20 (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 9.3 0 0 High Waist High Waist-Hip High Waist High Waist-Hip Circumference Ratio Circumference* Ratio* 90% LL 13.2 34.9 90% LL 8.0 26.3 CI UL 13.8 35.7 CI UL 10.7 30.7

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018 40 28.5 30 24.0 20 9.3 10 6.4 Prevalence Prevalence (%) 0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 High Waist Circumference* High Waist-Hip Ratio* High Waist High Waist-Hip High Waist High Waist-Hip 90% CI 90% CI Circumference Ratio Circumference Ratio LL 5.2 22.8 LL 8.0 26.3 UL 7.5 25.2 UL 10.7 30.7 * significantly different at 10% level of significance High Waist Circumference among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

30 30 30

25 25 25

20 20 16.9 20 15 12.5 15 15 11.5 11.1 9.3 10 7.9 10 10 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 6.0 4.0 5 5 1.9 5 0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male * Female Poor * Non-Poor

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Prevalence of Anemia among Adults, 20-59 years old, by sex, place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2018 15 15 12.7 2013 2018 11.2 9.3 10 9.0 10 8.3 7.6 6.0 5.2

5 5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2013 2018 (%) Prevalence 0 0 ALL Male Female Rural Urban

10 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.2 7.1

5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 ° excluding pregnant Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest or lactating women Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°, 20-59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

20 PHILIPPINES 20 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL

15 15

10 8.3 10 8.2 5.6

5 (%) Prevalence 5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2.8

0 0 Anemia Anemia* Male Female *

LL 7.7 LL 4.4 90% 90% * significantly different at 10% level of significance CI UL 9.0 CI UL 6.8

° excluding pregnant or lactating women Trend in the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018

30 25.3 23.9 25 22.0 22.5 21.0 22.3 19.2 20

Prevalence Prevalence (%) 10 ° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, 5 systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher (JNC VII, 2004) 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018 50 50 2015 2018 2015 2018 40 36.3 40 28.3 30.0 30 30 25.3 20.8 22.2 20.2 20 16.0 16.7 20 16.9 11.7 12.7

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 9.1 10 5.5 (%) Prevalence 10 2013 2018 0 0 ALL * 20-29 y * 30-39 y * 40-49 y * 50-59 y * Male * Female * * significantly different at 5% level of significance Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

20 16.0 15.2 15

5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 Philippines Davao Occidental LL 15.6 14.2 90% CI UL 16.4 16.3 Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

20 15.7 15.2 Proportion (%) Proportion 10

0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

LL 14.1 14.2 90% CI UL 17.4 16.3 Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

40 40 40 35 35 35 30 28.3 30 30 25 23.5 25 25 20 20 17.9 20 15.2 16.0 15 15 13.1 15 13.0

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10.1 10 10 10 4.3 5 5 5 0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male* Female Poor Non-Poor * significantly different at 10% level of significance Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 2003-2018 10 High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL 8.2 8 Impaired blood sugar: 110-125 mg/dL 5.6 7.9 6 4.8

4 3.4

4.3 Prevalence(%) 2 2.7

0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

20 20 2013 2018 2013 2018 15 12.9 15 10.6 10 8.6 10 6.7 6.3 6.8 6.6 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.3

5 3.2 5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 1.0 1.6 2013 2018 0 0 ALL* 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male * Female * * significantly different at 5% level of significance Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

10 6.7 4.7

5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 Philippines Davao Occidental* LL 6.2 3.6 90% CI UL 7.2 5.9

* significantly different at 10% level of significance High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group and sex: Davao Occidental, 2018

20 20

15 15

9.8 10 10 5.8 5.6 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 4.7 5 3.0 5 3.9 2.0

0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female Current Smoking° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1998-2018 40 34.8 32.7 31.0 25.4 30 23.3 20.7 20

10 Proportion (%) Proportion

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly) - World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual. Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

60 2015 2018 60 2015 2018

50 50 44.5 41.33 40 40

30 24.0 25.0 23.9 23.4 23.6 30 21.5 22.0 22.5 20.3 20.9

20 20 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 (%) Prevalence 10 6.3 5.77 2015 2018 0 0 ALL * 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male * Female * significantly different at 5% level of significance Proportion of Current Smokers among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

30 25 21.5 23.3 20 15

10 Proportion (%) Proportion 5 0 Philippines Davao Occidental LL 20.7 22.0 90% CI UL 22.4 24.7 Proportion of Current Smokers among Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

30 26.2 23.3

20 Proportion (%) Proportion 10

0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

LL 24.5 22.0 90% CI UL 27.8 24.7 Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

50 50 46.4 50

40 40 40

30 30 30 23.3 25.3 23.9 25.2 22.5 20.8 22.1 20 20 20

Proportion (%) Proportion 10 10 10 3.5 0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male* Female Poor Non-Poor

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Binge Drinking° among currently drinking ADULTS, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2018

70 70 64.4 60 55.7 55.2 57.1 54.7 55.6 60 50 50 40 40 31.0 30 30

20 20 Proportion (%) Proportion

10 (%) Proportion 10 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male* Female

° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men * significantly different at 5% level of significance or 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women in the past 30 days Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently drinking Adults, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

60 55.7 52.8

20 Proportion (%) Proportion

0 Philippines Davao Occidental LL 53.3 46.8 90% CI UL 58.1 58.7 Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently drinking Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

60 52.8 50 40 34.6 30 20

Proportion (%) Proportion 10 0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 *

LL 32.3 46.8 90% CI UL 36.9 58.7

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently drinking Adults, 20-59 years old, in the pas 30 days, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

80 80 80 74.4 70 65.0 70 70 58.6 60 52.8 54.5 60 60 47.5 50 50 50 46.9 38.3 40 40 40

30 30 24.1 30 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male * Female Poor * Non-Poor * significantly different at 10% level of significance Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

70 2015 2018 70 2015 2018 60 60 51.6 50 45.0 45.7 50 46.6 40.7 40.6 40.2 40.3 37.3 37.0 38.9 37.8 40 40 32.9 28.0 30 30

20 20

Proportion (%) Proportion Proportion (%) Proportion 10 10 2015 2018 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: . 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR . 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR . an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week - World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Proportion of Physically Inactive Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

60 50 40.6 40 29.0 30

20 Proportion (%) Proportion 10 0 Philippines Davao Occidental* LL 38.1 25.9 90% CI UL 43.1 32.1

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Proportion of Physically Inactive Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

40 29.0 30 28.1

20 Proportion (%) Proportion 10

0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

LL 25.9 25.9 90% CI UL 30.2 32.1 Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao Occidental, 2018

80 80 80 70 70 70 60 60 60 50 50 50 40 40 36.0 40 29.0 31.7 31.2 32.0 30 26.9 24.9 30 30 Proportion (%) Proportion 21.0 20.9 20 20 20 10 10 10 0 0 0 ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y Male Female * Poor Non-Poor * * significantly different at 10% level of significance ° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: . 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR . 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR . an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week

- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Summary (Adults)  Chronic energy deficiency is significantly lower than the Philippine estimate, especially in adults coming from the poor households.  Overweight and obesity, including android obesity (high WC and WHR) are also significantly lower than the Philippine estimate. However, comparing the estimates in the 2016 LFHNS and 2018 ENNS, overweight and android obesity have emerged to be a growing problem in Davao Occidental.  Anemia is of “mild” public health significance and is more prevalent among women. Summary (Adults)  Raised blood pressure increased with age and significantly higher in men.  High fasting blood sugar is significantly lower than the national prevalence.  Current smokers in Davao Occidental is slightly higher than the national proportion and is more common among men.  About half (52.8%) of the current drinkers are engaged in binge drinking. The proportion increased between 2016 & 2018.  Physically inactive adults are significantly lower in Davao Occidental than the national estimate. Health and Nutritional Status of Filipino Elderly DAVAO OCCIDENTAL Nutritional Status of the Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines, 2018 50 2015 2018 40

30 24.7 21.3 20 17.2

13.4 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 10 4.8 6.3

0 Chronic Energy Deficient * Overweight * Obese * * significantly different at 5% level of significance Chronic Energy Deficiency among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

30 22.3 20 13.4

10 Proportion (%) Proportion

0 Philippines Davao Occidental * LL 90% 12.9 17.1 CI UL 14.0 27.5

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

50 PHILIPPINES 50 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL 40 40 30 24.7 30 20 20 14.1

10 6.3 10 4.7

Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 0 Overweight Obese Overweight* Obese

LL 23.9 5.9 LL 10.6 3.0 90% CI 90% CI UL 25.5 6.8 UL 17.6 6.3

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Nutritional Status of Elderly, 60 years old and above: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018 30 22.3 20 17.4 14.1 11.0 10 4.8 4.7

Prevalence Prevalence (%) 0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 Chronic Energy Deficiency * Overweight Obese

90% CI CED Overweight Obese 90% CI CED Overweight Obese LL 9.4 15.8 3.8 LL 17.1 10.6 3.0 UL 12.6 18.9 5.7 UL 27.5 17.6 6.3

* significantly different at 10% level of significance High Waist Circumference among Elderly MALES, 60 years old and above, by age group and place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

10 10 2015 2018 2015 2018 7.5 8 8

6 4.8 5.0 4.9 6 4.7 3.5 4 3.3 2.9 4 2.7 2.7 2.1 Prevalence Prevalence (%) 2 0.9 2 2015 2018 0 0 ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & over Rural Urban*

* significantly different at 5% level of significance High Waist Circumference among Elderly FEMALES, 60 years old and above, by age group, and place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

40 2015 2018 40 2015 2018 34.5

30 27.9 30 28.2 24.2 25.8 22.2 23.8 21.6 20.0 20.6 20 15.8 20 16.1

Prevalence Prevalence (%) 10 10 2015 2018 0 0 ALL * 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & above Rural * Urban* * significantly different at 5% level of significance High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly MALES, 60 years old and above, by age group and place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

30 30 2015 2018 2015 2018 25 25 21.9 20 20 15.9 16.4 16.0 16.6 13.5 15 15 12.8 11.9 11.4 Proportion (%) 9.5 9.4 10 8.7 10

5 5 2015 2018 0 0 ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over Rural Urban High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly FEMALES, 60 years old and above, by age group and place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

100 2015 2018 100 2015 2018 77.8 80 72.0 73.8 80 70.0 67.2 69.7 65.4 66.5 64.1 59.9 57.9 60 55.6 60

40 40 Proportion (%) 20 20 2015 2018 0 0 ALL* 60-69 y* 70-79 y * 80y & over* Rural * Urban*

* significantly different at 5% level of significance Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

100 PHILIPPINES 100 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL

80 80

60 47.7 60 40 40 31.8 17.8

20 20 10.7

Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 0 High Waist High Waist-Hip Ratio High Waist High Waist-Hip Ratio * Circumference Circumference* 90% LL 17.1 46.7 90% LL 8.6 27.7 CI UL 18.6 48.6 CI UL 12.8 35.9

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018 40 31.8 30 28.0 20 10.7

10 6.2 Prevalence Prevalence (%) 0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018 High Waist Circumference* High Waist-Hip Ratio High Waist High Waist-Hip High Waist High Waist-Hip 90% CI 90% CI Circumference Ratio Circumference Ratio LL 4.2 22.8 LL 8.6 27.7 UL 8.3 33.2 UL 12.8 35.9 * significantly different at 10% level of significance Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above, by sex, place of residence, and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

30 2013 2018 30 2018 25 23.0 23.3 25 21.7 20.8 20.2 19.1 20 17.8 20 18.3 15 15 10 10

5 5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 2013 2018 (%) Prevalence 0 0 ALL Male Female Rural Urban

30 24.1 2018 25 21.1 21.8 20 16.8 17.4 15 10

5 Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest Prevalence of Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

30 20.2 20 14.5

10 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 Philippines Davao Occidental

90% LL 17.7 11.3 CI UL 22.8 17.7 Prevalence of UIE below 50µg/L among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by sex, place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

50 2013 2018 50 2013 2018 40 33.8 36.9 40 35.3 29.8 32.2 30 24.0 30 25.3 23.3 22.4 20.6 20 20

10 10

Prevalence (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 0 ALL * Male Female* Rural* Urban *

50 2013 2018 37.9 40 37.4 34.9 30.6 33.2 30 24.6 24.8 25.9 18.7 18.5 20

10 * significantly Prevalence (%) Prevalence different at 0 5% level of Poorest Poor * Middle * Rich * Richest significance Percent distribution of UIE values among the Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

50 2013 2018 Median UIE = 80 mcg/l Median UIE = 108 mcg/l Prev <50 mcg/l = 33.8% Prev <50 mcg/l = 23.8% 2013 2018 40 30.4 30 27.6 24.0 23.8

20 18.8 15.0 15.5

Percentage (%) Percentage 12.9 7.8 8.9 9.6 10 5.8

0 <20 mcg/dL 20-49 mcg/dL 50-99 mcg/dL 100-199 mcg/dL 200-299 mcg/dL ≥300 mcg/dL Median UIE and Prevalence of UIE below 50 µg/L among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

200 50 150 40 35.8 108.0 93.0 30 100 23.3 20 50

Median UIE (mcg/L)UIE Median Prevalence (%) Prevalence 0 0 Philippines Davao Occidental Philippines Davao Occidental *

LL 105.2 75.9 LL 20.4 29.2 90% 90% CI CI UL 110.3 111.1 UL 26.3 42.4

*Iodine Intake * significantly different at 10% level of significance <100 mcg/L – Insufficient 100-199 mcg/L – Adequate 200-299 mcg/L – More than adequate 300 mcg/L and up – Excessive Elevated Blood Pressure° among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

50 2015 2018 50 2015 2018 41.2 40.6 42.7 40.6 40.8 41.5 40 37.1 36.8 40 36.8 35.0 33.8 33.6 30 30

20 20 Prevalence (%) Prevalence

10 (%) Prevalence 10 2015 2018 0 0 ALL* 60-69 y * 70-79 y * 80y & over Male* Female * ° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressure * significantly different at 5% level of significance of 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher - 7th Joint National Committee on detection and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII, 2004) High Fasting Blood Sugar among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

20 20 2013 2018 2013 2018 15.3 15 13.8 15 13.8 13.9 12.5 11.8 11.4 11.0 10.6 10 9.2 10 6.4

Prevalence (%) Prevalence 5.9

5 (%) Prevalence 5

2013 2018 0 0 ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & above Male Female Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and High Fasting Blood Sugar among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

50 PHILIPPINES 50 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL 38.1 40 35.0 40 30 30

20 13.8 20 10.2 10

10 (%) Prevalence Prevalence (%) Prevalence

0 0 Elevated Blood High Fasting Blood Elevated Blood High Fasting Blood Pressure Sugar Pressure Sugar

90% LL 33.7 12.2 90% LL 33.3 7.2 CI UL 36.2 15.5 CI UL 42.8 13.2 Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

50 38.1 40 34.3

20 Proportion (%) Proportion 10

0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

LL 31.8 33.3 90% CI UL 36.8 42.8 Current Smoking° among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018 50 50 2015 2018 2015 2018 40 40 32.0 30 30 28.2 21.2 19.2 18.8 20 16.3 17.0 20

Proportion (%) Proportion 12.6 11.8 9.0 9.4

10 (%) Proportion 10 7.5 2015 2018 0 0 ALL* 60-69y 70-79 y * 80y & over Male Female ° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) * significantly different at or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly) 5% level of significance - World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual. Physical Inactivity among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

80 77.6 80 2015 2018 70.6 2015 2018 61.8 59.9 60 56.6 60 55.0 52.6 50.6 45.1 45.4 42.9 44.7

40 40

Proportion (%) Proportion Proportion (%) Proportion 20 20

2015 2018 0 0 ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over Male Female Proportion of Current Smokers and Physically Inactive Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao Occidental, 2018

80 PHILIPPINES 80 DAVAO OCCIDENTAL

60 50.6 60 41.7 40 40 24.4 16.3

20 (%) Proportion 20 Proportion (%) Proportion

0 0 Current Smokers Physically Inactive Current Smokers * Physically Inactive*

90% LL 15.5 48.5 90% LL 20.5 36.6 CI UL 17.1 52.7 CI UL 28.4 46.7

* significantly different at 10% level of significance Proportion of Current Smokers among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

30 24.4 21.5

20 Proportion (%) Proportion 10

0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

LL 17.9 20.5 90% CI UL 25.0 28.4 Proportion of Physically Inactive Elderly, 60 years old and above: Davao Occidental, LFHNS 2016 and ENNS 2018

50 44.1 41.7 40

20 Proportion (%) Proportion 10

0 LFHNS 2016 ENNS 2018

LL 40.2 36.6 90% CI UL 48.0 46.7 Summary (Elderly)  Chronic energy deficiency is significantly higher in Davao Occidental compared with the national estimate. While overweight including android obesity (high WC and WHR) are significantly lower.  Anemia is of “mild” public health significance.  Iodine intake based on median UIE is insufficient (93 mcg/L). The prevalence of UIE below 50mcg/L is significantly higher than the Philippine estimate. Summary (Elderly)  About 4 in every 10 elderly (38.1%) had elevated blood pressure. This is slightly higher compared with the Philippine estimate. While high fasting blood sugar is slightly lower.  Smoking is significantly higher (about a quarter among the elderly are current smokers) in Davao Occidental compared with the national estimate.  While the proportion of physically inactive elderly in Davao Occidental is significantly lower.