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(9661)6 t:(r)rrxrs{nN Nuytsiavol. 11,No. 1(1996)

Table VI for someof these),but wherehe did, the accountin Hooker's joumals may well be predated Dy a newspapgraccount.

Drummond l€tters known to have been prepublished in Western Australian newspapers

During his time as the Australian Botanical Liaison Officer in Kew in 1992, Dr Philip Short of the National Herbarium of Victoda found evidencesuggesting that the first p\blication of yictoria by JamesDrummond was probably not, as has always been thought, in an English journal produced by William Hooker in 1848, but was almost certainly within the Western Australian newspaperThe Inquirer, probably in 1847. Since the author is part of a project to revise the genus Hakea, along wrthL. Haegi and W.R. Barker of the sameinstitution, this was drawn to our attention.

This promptedthe cun€nt investigation,and so a copy of the completetext ofthe JamesDrummond letter pdnted in The Inquirer in 1847 was obtainedftom the Baftye Library in Perth. A very much abddged part of it appearedin Botanical Magazine 74 Companion pp. l-3 (Drummond 1848) as "Notice of Mr. Drummond's discoverv of three remarkableplants in South-WestAustralia".

This latter publication has alwaysbeen cited as containingthe protologuefor l1dkea victoriabut The Inquirer articleclearly predatesit (Principle III, IntemationalRules of Botanical Nomenclature, Greuter et al. 1994). Names published in a non-scientific newspaperbelbre January 1, 1953 are effectively and validly published (Art. 29, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). As a consequenceother nameswhich appearin this samearticle are also validly published(provided they areaccompanied by an adequatedescription) and should be consideredby botanistsrevising the groups concerned(e.g. Kingia C!gnorum, AnigozonthusChelneii, BanksiaHookeri, Hakeoides), mosl appearto be synonymsof earliernames.

Becauseit was obvious from referencesgiven in Erickson (1969) that other letters written by Drummond had also found their way to the newspapersin Perth,copies of Drummond articlesin Z/re Inquirer of 6thDecember 1848 and in The Perth Gazetteover 5 weeksfrom 16th April to 14th May 1852, were also requestedftom the Battye Library. These articles were fbund to corespond to accountsreproduced in Hooker's journals asshown in Table 1. Unlike the original case,these a icles were not abridgedbut reproducedby Hooker in full.

However, becauseofthe earlierpublication of the newspaperaccounts, two species,Gastrolobium leqkeanumand Verttcordia grqndis, previouslythought to havebeen published originally in Hooker's Journalof Botanyand Kew GardensMiscellany (Vol. l, p.247 in 1849and Vol. 5, p. 119 in 1853, respectively;see Barker & Barker 1990), should now be cited as follows:

Gastrolobium leakeqnumJ. Drumm., The Inquirer, without page number (6 December 1848) Verticordia grandis J- Drumm., The Perth Gazette,withort page number (23 April 1852)

The list of Drummond letters published in newspapers,and their subsequentpublication by Hooker, given in Table l, should not be consideredto be exhaustive. Other Drummond letters with botanical nameswere publishedby Hooker (Barker & Barker l.c.) and thesetoo may be predatedby newspaperarticles. _l

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I stunoaarrod?ds^1eus.puoruuuc sauel'Ja{Jeg I4l }I NuytsiaVol.11, No. 1 (1996)

Drummond's account of his 4th Collection

Since the original text is not easily accessible and is probably of interest to naturalists in general it has been reproduced in full here with those parts published by Hooker in bold face. Excerpts of parts of The Inquirer article were reproduced by Erickson (1969) in her account of the life of James Drummond, but most botanical references were missing. There are also comments on the botany of a number of groups of , on geology and on the itinerary followed. It is, however, only a very succinct account considedng that Drummond collected 16 sets of 400 species in this the 4th Collection and that it lasted at least from November 1846, when James Drummond and George Maxwell departed Gingin, to late March 1847 when they returned to Perth (Erickson 1969].

The Inquirer 7th Lpril 1847

Mr Drummond's Journal. - As we anticipated,Mr Drummond, with his usual courtesy and anxiety to diffuse information, has directed that the letter which he is about to transmit to Sir W.J.Hooker should, on its way, bc placedin the handsol The Inquirer,if desired.We needhardly saythat we gladly availedourselves of the offer, and we make no apology for publishing, entire a documentso full ofinterest to the lovers ofscience, and so well calculatedto maintain the high characterof Mr Drummond:

Dear Sir, - I wrote to you about two months since to say that I had set out on ajourney to the south, wishing to extend my observationson the botany of this colony from its farthestnorth to its farthest south settlements.I visited Gingin, a farm of Mr. W.L.Brockman, sitllated on a fine and ever-runningstream of the purest water, a tributary of the Moore River. On the road to it I lound an interestingspecies of Genetyllus* lDarwinial, \Nith\ery small heathlike leaves,but large headsof drooping flowen surounded by ciliated bmcts - an earnestof morc important discoveriessince made in this line Eenrsof Mr-rtaceae.I also found in that same]ocality an interesting belonging to Sirophulinae lprobably Scrop hulinael, anda|ery distinctand showy speciesofGrevillea.wiLh linear leavesand scarletflowers, growing 12 or 15 feet high. On teaching the brook on which Mr Brockman's farm is situated,I was delighted to find it in many placesalmost filled with a remarkablefern l'lAdiantuml - a rare orderin this part ofNew Holland; it rcsemblesa good dealAryidium Feli-xMtts,bttLrt is a largerplant,bearing fructification on the marginsof the fronds; the stemscreep mostly on the dead wood which is covered with the water of the brook. Mr Brockman's farm consistsmostly of remarkablehills of secondaryIimestone, covered to the depth of severalfeet with a rich black soil; barley producesheavy crops on this soil, but for severalyears thc wheat has suffered apparentlyfrom the ravagesof a fungus. A malr4ceo&,tplant, new to me was abundantlyin flower. These limestone hills abut on lhe common ircnstone formation of the Darling Rangc. Crossing the ironstone hills in a south-westdirection from Gingin, I fbund th(] tops of severalcovered with a magnificent ,withlinear leaves,about l8 incheslong, andbearing large corymbs oI snow white inflo.esccnccs (the true flowers are small and black.) This would be a most desirableplant to cultivate in England, but no seeds werc formed on it at this time. Alter leaving the York district, wo travelled mostly by the King Ceorge's Sound road, untii we got from it a distinct view of the Toolbrunup hills [Stirling Ranges],when we made straight for one of the highcst and most conspicuousmountains IDonne]ly Peakl, which lies to the N.W. of the one marked "Mongerup" in Arrowsmith's map of Westem Australia.For about 15 milcs wc passedover very barrcn country, but we tbund a good passageto the east of a remarkablesaddle-backcd hill, and by digging in a sort of a watercoursewe fbund abundanceof excellent water, which no doubt is a pcrmanent spring. By following a kangarooor native path from this spring, it soon led us into a grassyvalley, in which we travelled about 4 miles, when we reachedthe N.W. end of the highesthill which appearsfrom the K.G.'s Soundroad to the north of the Gordon River. Here we found no water;but by following a branchofthe samevalley until we camedirectly S.W. of the highest point of the hill, we found plcnty of water wilhin 2 feet of the surface.(To be continued.)

+Gerlcryllrsis presumablya misspelling ofC€rel,llir. agenusof Myrtacerepublished by deCmdolle. The name is invalid. 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sruno..EradEds^lous,puouturuCs.urxf'rerilrg t\l X NuyrsiaVol. 11, No. 1(1496)

neckhandkerchief (making the shirtinto abag), to bringdown a supply ofBcrfsi.t cones.Securing the load so as not to impede the use ofmy hands.I reached our sleeping place at 3 o'clock, much fatigued with my load, buthighly gratilied, havingthis dayfound atleasttwo plants which will continue to be admired while a taste for the beauties of nature remains to the human race.

When passingfrom Mong€rup to Toolbrunup, we encampedund€r Talyuberlup,wher€ I found severalnew and interesting plants; but here we could find no water. Among the plants was a very remarkableBdnksia, with drooping globular flowers of an orangecolour, variegatedwith crimson. The conesare round, and as large as a 14lb cannon shot. The plant grows about four feet high, with linear leaveswith rigid spine-like teeth.This day I gatheredfor the first time the plant I supposeto be the Dryandra Ne9osa ol Mr. Brown, three HafteasI had not seenbefore, but two ofthem aredescribed by Mr. Brown. After searchinguntil5 o'clock, wo madethe Calgan River, and reachedit about 8 o'clock. On the way I gatheredfor the first time a splendidADigozanthus, withblood red flowers lalmost cetLainlyA. rufus Labill.]. From this place we found it common in the sandyvalleys all the way to Cape Riche. I have named it, in compliment to my kind friends, Mr. and Mrs. Cheyne,Anigozanthus Cheyneii.We spenla day on the Calgan lsicl, and I was unsuccessfulin my botanical researches.On the top ol an ironstone hill, near our bivouac, I found a fine pinnate leavedsc rlet Grerillea \\hich I had not seenbefore, and a very distinct Aphragmous Dryandra, with glabrousbuds and bracts surroundingthe flowe$. On leaving the Calgan we madestraight forToolbrunup, the hill markedin Anowsmith's map as3,000 feer high. In this day's journey I gatiered for the first time the largestconed Baztsla which I haveever seen,a shrubabout four feet high, and much resembling in everything but the fructification, the orangeand crimson globe flowered species.I call this pla LheKangaroo ftofi the rcsemblanceits bleachcdtomentose grey looking concs bear to the small speciesof kangaroo.We encampednear a small wood of gum trces,the only onesto be seen.On the left bank of the brook, about 3 miles northwest from the highest top of thc Toolbrunup hills, thesetrees form an excellent landmark, and we found plenty of water and middling good feed for our horsesin their vicinity. The highestpoint ofToolbrunup is ofthe old red sandstoneformation, and it hasthe strataso regrla.ly horizontal that they look from below like a fortification built by man. the mountainis so very steepthat thc highostpoint is only accessibleby following up the southwestangle. The top of the mountain producesmy Banksia Hookeri, and anolher new GenerylluslDarwinial, with scarlet/rscila [sic] like bracts,but the plant is vcry rare. I also found a ne\\ Lambertia, with short lanceolateacuminate but scarcelypungent leaves.I call the specleslambertia Hakeoides;it probably belongs to the 7-flowered group, but it is widely different from any describedspecies. I found acurious ,mbe lliferous planL,and arose-colouredSrylidi&m, with glaucousleaves, whjch were new to me, on this remarkablehill. Although the strataare reg!lar and horizontal on the highest peak of this, on thc next below they lie at all possible angles, a large mass of the very summit of this second peak being perfectly perpendicular,yet the disorganizing causeappeam lo have actedonly on the surface;the micaceas[sic] schist which forms the nucleuswhere it is exposedby the action of a cunent of water, appearsto be horizontal. From Toolbrunup to Congineerup,distant about 20 miles to the east by south, we found an easy passage,and we encampedunder the highestpart of this immensemass ofhills. They are of litLleinterest to the botanist;they are micaceousslate, containing a largeproportion of mica, which, by its decomposition,forms a rich soil. In several placeson the side ofthese hills I observeda fine c ctatef'lxantho,tia sp.], with multifid cardamine likeleaves, and small white flowers. I cal] the speciesC. Giqantea: from its taste and smell, I consider it an excellent substjtutefor all sorts of cress.Although thesemountains, for their size, produced little of interest,the sandy country close to their baseand extendingabout halfway to CapeRiche, produccdanother very distinctDryandru of the aphragmousgroup: this plant has broader and much shorter lobes to its pinnated leavesthan Nervord. "Plantae Meisner, in his observationsof D. Nervosaeit Lhe Preissiana",seems to think that the distinctions in the aphragmousgroup are not much to be dependedon, but in reality there are no more distinct speciesof the genusor plants of the order to which they belong, or any that are easierseen to be distinct, whether in or out of flower, than rhe ^phtagmors Dryandras.

To CapeRiche we had a hard day's work; the distanceis about 25 miles,and we had found no water on the road. The promontory of Cape Riche will, in time to come, be a spot celebratedin the botany of . Hcrcthe German botanist, Mr. L. Preiss,in a visittothefarmofthe worthy proprietor (himselfat the time resident at K.C.'s Sound), found many of his rarest plants: the Collium Conkoberup,now better known as the Mount Melville by Mr Cheyne's people, produced him the MealJtus Preissiana, the Eucalyptus PleurocarpLl, Lhe E. Cornuta, and several other interesting species.One of the greatestornamonts of Cape Riche is Kennedea N/8/icdnr; this beautiful climber is abundant,and it is as useful asornamental: it answcrsfor basketmaking, for tying, and all similar purposesfor which willows are useful. :

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slunoa.eraolos^Aeus,puoururrucseunl rc$ng t\l x NuytsirVol ll,No. I (Loa6)

and buds of the upper series,which are the only onesunopened, are white aud velvetty the other sedes 'fo [sic]; contain seedvesselsmostly with perfect seeds. this most splendid vegetable production which I have ever seen, in a wild or cultivated state, I have given the name of our gracious Queen, Fldfea Victorio.It will soon be in cultivation in every garden of note in Europe, and in many other countries,

I found another lldled, with acicular leavesand large pear-shapedseedvessels, between the before-mentioned estuaryand Mount Bafien. On Mount Barren I found a fine Adendr?rros,with eliptic [slc] leaves- a rcmarkable nodding yellow-flowercd Banksia, with leavesand a habit so like B. CaletiL Lhatit carl only be distinguished by the cones and flowers lBanksia lemanniana, pers.comm.A. Georgol,which are wjdely different. I found on this mountain two very dis|inct Dryandras, allied to Armata, whlch were quite new to me. Dryandru amata ol Brown, as I understandthe species,occurs here in threevery distinct fbrms; the common form I senthome in my first collection: it is common on the outer seriesof the Darling Rangein the Swan Dist.ict, and it grows about King George's Sound.The variety I call D. A rmata Gtacilis (D. annata yar. ignicida, perc.comm.A.Georgel I tirst met with near York, and I saw it in severalplaces among the Toolbrunup hills; but the form o[ D. Armata, which is by far the most common liom the Toolbrunup hills to the CapeRiche, and from Capc Ricbe to Doubtful lsland Bay, is a strong upright-growing plant with a single stem at the root; this I call the D. Armata Strictcl.lt is possible that thesethree forms may pass into each other by intermediateplants, but both LheMount Barren species,which I ca\\ D. Macrocarpa and,D. Ferox, are very distinct species.T\e Dryantlra gracilis of Brown lD. tenufolia?, perc..omm. A.Georgel, common about Mount Barren, is very different from the Beaufort River "plantae plant LD. tenuifolia var. rcptans, pers.commA.Georgcl, referred to it by Meisner in thc prejssiana,,. Dryandra Preissii of the samewriter, long ago noticed in the Journal of Botany, is closely allied to Dryandra Nitea of Brown, and is no morc a Diplophrugrra than severalolher spccies placedin a different sectionofthe "Plantae gcnusin the Preissiana".Mount Barren producesa curiousAphfllus (Jacksonia)in largeupright bushes; a remarkable Iarch like Calothamnu.l,but the flowers were past; a verticillate-leayeclAcacia lA. cedrokles pers.comm. A.Georgel and several othcr curious plants which I had not beforc seen. The principal rocks composing this hill are what I call lamellar quartz - that is, quartz which breaksup in a slate like form, but thc piecesare usually much thicker than slate;it occursin the Toodyay district, and is thc samerock which Captain Whitfield has used for flooring his house.Thcre is also a good deal of a flint-like tbrm of quartz, which breaks with a conchoidal lraclure. The strataon Mount Barren are but a tbw degreesfrom the perpendicular,and their inclination is towards the north-west. I thought it incumbent of me to send Ildtea Victoria i\ some form to my subscribers, and in this plant pressure is altogether out ofthe question, as the bracts break before they will bend in any direction. I tied up 16 of the bract-b€aring tops in two bundles, tying them together with the creeping shoots of th€ black creeper Kennedea Nigricans, and slung them one at each side of my okl grey pony Cabbine; the load, although not very heavy, was a most awkward one to get through the bushes, and he never since I got him carried anything so unwillingly. One specimen, 14 feet high, I carried in my hand all the way to Cape Riche, but notwithstanding all the care I took, the brilliant colours in the bracts of this extraordinary plant were much faded before I could get them to KiDg George's Sound.

We retumed from Doubtful Island Bay to Cape Riche nearly by the sameroute wc went. Near thc outlet oI thc Salt Rive. cstuaryI found the calcariousI.rl.l sand-hillscovered in manyplaces with a pro sftalePetrophila,which must be a showy plant when in flower, as the ground appearedas if paved with its seedvessels.On our return to Mr. Cheyne'swe packedup all our collections,and through his kindness in forwardingthem by his schooner, we foundthem in K. G.'s Soundalmost as soon as we got thcreourselves. On theway, I examinedMount Many- "Gilberup";I peak,the native found on jt severaiplants which I had not seenbeforet the most interestingofthem 10cultivators is a Srllill rl, with leavesmore resemblingSaxry'a gd CotJLe(lonthan any speciesI betbre saw of its own genus;the flower-stalks are thick, but short (from 7 to 9 inchesin height), and a third part of the height is covered with a dense thyrse of large rose-colouredflowers. The plant has a single whirl of bracts near the flowers.This onc ofthe mostbeautiful specics ofthis interestinggenus grows abundantly on thc massofgranite rocks which forms the highest point of Mount Many-peal; the rocks which form Mount Many-peak are coarse- grained granite.

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