Channeling and Contending with Bill Kovacic
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George Mason Law Review 19Th Annual Antitrust Symposium: Antitrust in an Interconnected World
HENRY G. MANNE PROGRAM IN LAW & ECONOMICS STUDIES GEORGE MASON LAW REVIEW 19TH ANNUAL ANTITRUST SYMPOSIUM: ANTITRUST IN AN INTERCONNECTED WORLD FEBRUARY 18, 2016 WELCOME HENRY G. MANNE PROGRAM IN LAW & ECONOMICS STUDIES GEORGE MASON LAW REVIEW 19TH ANNUAL ANTITRUST SYMPOSIUM FEBRUARY 18, 2016, ARLINGTON, VA ABOUT US OUR PROGRAMS CONTENTS Since its inception in 1974, the THE MASON JUDICIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM is the nation’s Law & Economics Center has preeminent provider of high-quality, balanced judicial educational Agenda 2 played a critical role as a leader in seminars and conferences that focus on economics, finance, accounting, law and economics research and statistics, and scientific method. The LEC has been offering programs for Speaker Bios 6 education. The LEC recognizes judges since 1976. both the importance of timely, relevant, and unassailable research THE HENRY G. MANNE PROGRAM IN LAW & ECONOMICS STUDIES LEC Contact Info 19 on public policy issues as well as promotes law and economics scholarship by funding faculty research and the necessity of communicating hosting policy-relevant research roundtables and academic conferences. Upcoming Schedule 21 research findings to those who are directly shaping our country’s THE SEARLE CIVIL JUSTICE INSTITUTE is a public policy institute public policy discussions. With devoted to producing timely, analytically rigorous, and balanced research research divisions devoted to on important civil justice issues confronting our free enterprise system. large-scale empirical projects and top-quality legal policy analysis, THE MASON ATTORNEYS GENERAL EDUCATION PROGRAM offers and educational arms reaching courses that provide a broad-based understanding of economic and public out to judges, attorneys general, policy issues to state attorneys general and their staff attorneys. -
Competition Agencies, Independence, and the Political Process
Unclassified DAF/COMP/WD(2014)86 Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 27-Nov-2014 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ English - Or. English DIRECTORATE FOR FINANCIAL AND ENTERPRISE AFFAIRS COMPETITION COMMITTEE Unclassified DAF/COMP/WD(2014)86 COMPETITION AGENCIES, INDEPENDENCE, AND THE POLITICAL PROCESS -- Chapter by William Kovacic (George Washington University, United States) -- 17-18 December 2014 This chapter by William Kovacic (George Washington University, United States) was submitted as background material for the Roundtable on Changes in Institutional Design of Competition Authorities which will take place at the 122nd meeting of the OECD Competition Committee on 17-18 December 2014. It is an extract from Competition Policy and the Economic Approach, edited by Josef Drexl, Wolfgang Kerber and Rupprecht Podszun. Published by Edward Elgar, 2011. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. More documents related to this discussion can be found at http://www.oecd.org/daf/competition/changes-in- competition-institutional-design.htm. This document is available as a PDF only English JT03367265 Complete document available on OLIS in its original format - This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of Or international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. English DAF/COMP/WD(2014)86 2 Graham HD:Users:Graham:Public:GRAHAM'S IMAC JOBS:12764 - EE - DREXL:M2555 - DREXL PRINT 16. Competition agencies, independence, and the political process William E. -
FTC Nominee Expected to Oppose Broad Privacy Rules
Portfolio Media. Inc. | 860 Broadway, 6th Floor | New York, NY 10003 | www.law360.com Phone: +1 646 783 7100 | Fax: +1 646 783 7161 | [email protected] FTC Nominee Expected To Oppose Broad Privacy Rules By Bibeka Shrestha Law360, New York (September 2, 2011) -- If confirmed, Federal Trade Commission nominee Maureen Ohlhausen would likely call for greater transparency about privacy practices but fight comprehensive restrictions on the collection and use of consumer information, according to privacy experts. Should the Senate greenlight President Barack Obama's pick, Ohlhausen would leave her partner position at Wilkinson Barker Knauer LLP's privacy, data protection and cybersecurity practice to join the FTC's five-member board as its second Republican commissioner for a seven-year term starting Sept. 26. Ohlhausen would replace Republican Commissioner William Kovacic, who has served on the commission since January 2006. Experts say it would be surprising for the technology policy heavyweight to meekly sign on to FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz's privacy agenda, which seeks to set a minimum standard of conduct for companies across the board that collect personal information, rather than focusing on specific sectors like the financial industry. "As a general matter, I do not think that she would not support 'substantive' regulation — restrictions on what companies can collect and disclose or how they can use the information that they collect," said Andrew Smith, a Morrison & Foerster LLP partner who worked closely with Ohlhausen while at the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection. Leibowitz has sought to move past the notice-and-choice mechanism espoused under the George W. -
The End of Antitrust History Revisited
BOOK REVIEW THE END OF ANTITRUST HISTORY REVISITED THE CURSE OF BIGNESS: ANTITRUST IN THE NEW GILDED AGE. By Tim Wu. New York, N.Y.: Columbia Global Reports. 2018. Pp. 154. $14.99. Reviewed by Lina M. Khan∗ INTRODUCTION In April 2007 the Antitrust Modernization Commission reported to Congress that “the state of the U.S. antitrust laws” was “sound.”1 Created by lawmakers to examine whether antitrust laws should be re- vised, the bipartisan Commission concluded that existing statutes were sufficiently flexible to address emerging issues, and that courts, antitrust agencies, and practitioners were now in proper agreement that “con- sumer welfare” was the “unifying goal of antitrust law.”2 A decade later, the American Bar Association’s Antitrust Section delivered a similar as- sessment, remarking that “the Nation’s system of competition enforce- ment has been in good hands.”3 These reports represented a high-water mark of agreement within the antitrust community that, despite ongoing debates about specific doctrinal tests or particular standards of proof, antitrust law was, altogether, on the right course. The fact that antitrust had shed its public appeal in favor of an expert-driven enterprise — becoming “less democratic and more technocratic”4 — was generally seen as further evidence of its success.5 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ∗ Academic Fellow, Columbia Law School; Counsel, U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Antitrust, Commercial, and Administrative Law. This Review reflects my per- sonal views and not those of the Committee or any of its members. For insightful comments and conversations, I am grateful to Eleanor Fox, David Grewal, Lev Menand, John Newman, and Mar- shall Steinbaum. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 115 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 164 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MAY 9, 2018 No. 75 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was housing. Now, in my district, in the ownership is out of the question. Even called to order by the Speaker pro tem- East Bay in northern California, the as a dedicated public servant, I can’t pore (Mr. COMER). average renter in Oakland would be afford to work in urban schools in the f forced to spend a staggering—mind Bay area. you, staggering—70 percent of their in- A former student wrote me: I had to DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO come on housing if they were to move withdraw from classes at UC Berkeley TEMPORE today. That is 70 percent. Clearly, the so I could find stable housing and The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- affordable housing crisis is off the scale enough income to afford my monthly fore the House the following commu- in my district. rent. nication from the Speaker: In April, I sent an email to my con- Mr. Speaker, our community, our WASHINGTON, DC, stituents asking for their stories and country, cannot function without May 9, 2018. suggestions on how to address this very nurses, teachers, or young people living I hereby appoint the Honorable JAMES important issue. Today I would like to in decent affordable housing. We need COMER to act as Speaker pro tempore on this share just a few of those stories which to solve this crisis before it is too late. -
Using the "Consumer Choice" Approach to Antitrust Law Neil W
University of Baltimore Law ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law All Faculty Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 2007 Using the "Consumer Choice" Approach to Antitrust Law Neil W. Averitt Bureau of Competition, Federal Trade Commission Robert H. Lande University of Baltimore School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac Part of the Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, and the Law and Economics Commons Recommended Citation Using the "Consumer Choice" Approach to Antitrust Law, 74 Antitrust L.J. 175 (2007) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@University of Baltimore School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. USING THE "CONSUMER CHOICE" APPROACH TO ANTITRUST LAW NEIL W. AVERITT ROBERT H. LANDE* The current paradigms of antitrust law-price and efficiency-do not work well enough. True, they were an immense improvement over their predecessors, and they have served the field competently for a genera tion, producing reasonably accurate results in most circumstances. Accu mulated experience has also revealed their shortcomings, however. The price and efficiency paradigms are hard to fully understand and are not particularly transparent in their application. Moreover, in a disturbingly large number of circumstances they are unable to handle the important issue of nonprice competition. In this article we suggest replacing the older paradigms with the somewhat broader approach of "consumer choice." 1 The choice framework has several advantages. -
William E. Kovacic an Antitrust Tribute Liber Amicorum - Volume II
Editors Nicolas Charbit Elisa Ramundo Assistant Editors Anna M. Pavlik - Jessica Rebarber William E. Kovacic An Antitrust Tribute Liber Amicorum - Volume II Donald I. Baker, Jonathan B. Baker, Caron Beaton-Wells, Margaret Bloom, John DeQ. Briggs, George S. Cary, Andy C.M. Chen, Daniel A. Crane, Elaine Ewing, Eleanor M. Fox, Damien Geradin, Laurie-Anne Grelier, Omar Guerrero Rodríguez, Doris Hildebrand, Merit E. Janow, Joseph Kattan PC, Bruno Lasserre, Robert C. Marshall, Leslie M. Marx, Robert Ian McEwin, Andreas Mundt, Ali Nikpay, Maureen K. Ohlhausen, Julián Peña, Alan Ramírez Casazza, Patrick Rey, Simon Roberts, Jacques Steenbergen, John Terzaken, Thibaud Vergé, Florian Wagner-von Papp, Wouter P.J. Wils, Marc Winerman, Chris Wood, Joshua D. Wright. William E. Kovacic An Antitrust Tribute Liber Amicorum - Volume II Editors Nicolas Charbit Elisa Ramundo Assistant Editors Anna M. Pavlik - Jessica Rebarber © Institute of Competition Law, 2014 All rights reserved. No photocopying: copyright licenses do not apply. The information provided in this publication is general and may not apply in a specific situation. Legal advice should always be sought before taking any legal action based on the information provided. The publisher accepts no responsibility for any acts or omissions contained herein. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to the Institute of Competition Law, at the address below. Copyright © 2014 by Institute of Competition Law 60 Broad Street, Suite 3502, NY 10004 www.concurrences.com [email protected] Printed in the United States of America First Printing, 2014 ISBN 978-1-939007-43-8 LCCN 2014940897 Publisher’s Cataloging-in-Publication (Provided by Quality Books, Inc.) William E. -
The Inside Track on Competition Law and Regulatory Change 2018 An
An Acuris Company The inside track on competition law and regulatory change 2018 Global Trends Monitor PaRR-Global.com An Acuris Company Table of Contents Edited by Sylwester Gumienny Raymond Barrett Research Editor & Managing Editor Introduction 01 USA 37 APAC 04 2017 Year in Review Most Active Jurisdictions, Sectors & Fines PaRR Statistics: M&A China 07 Sectors 2017 Year in Review 2018 Outlook PaRR Statistics: M&A Americas (excluding USA) 41 Sectors & Fines Sectors & fines Most active regional enforcers 2018 Outlook 2018 Outlook EMEA 44 APAC 22 Most Active Jurisdictions, Sectors & Fines APAC 2017 Year in Review EU & NCAs PaRR Statistics: M&A in India 2017 Year in Review Sectors PaRR Statistics: M&A Americas 32 PaRR Statistics: Abuse of Dominance Most Active Jurisdictions, Sectors & Fines 2018 Outlook – EU NCAs Sectors 2018 Outlook PaRR-Global.com PaRR Global Trends Monitor 2018 Introduction 3 Introduction Raymond Barrett, Managing Editor PaRR Further information If 2017 was a year of surprises, 2018 promises While the US is still debating the merits of Another spectre looming on the horizon Get in touch or read more to be the year when a “new normal” takes “hipster antitrust”, the rest of the world has is protectionism. In Washington, Brussels, shape. Billion-dollar antitrust fines no longer moved ahead and grasped the nettle. The Berlin and Canberra there are moves afoot to have the same shock value as before. Vertical European Commission’s Margrethe Vestager reassess how foreign investment is screened, Raymond Barrett deals that in the past would have received oversaw a EUR 2.42bn fine against Google to account for more opaque concerns a cursory review are being challenged. -
Concentration, Cooperation, Control and Competition
THE ORIGINS OF THE FTC: CONCENTRATION, COOPERATION, CONTROL, AND COMPETITION Marc Winerman* Concentration and co-operation are conditions imperatively essential for industrial advance; but if we allow concentration and co-operation there must be control in order to protect the people, and adequate control is only possible through the administrative commission. Hence concentration, co-operation, and control are the key words for a scien- tific solution of the mighty industrial problem which now confronts this nation. —Theodore Roosevelt, quoting Charles Van Hise, in accepting the 1912 Progressive Party nomination.1 [Standard Oil Co. v. United States2] will be a signal for the voluntary breaking up of all combinations in restraint of trade within the inhibi- tion of the [Sherman Act]. —William Howard Taft, September 18, 1911.3 [T]he proper role of the government is to encourage not combination, but co-operation. —Letter of Louis D. Brandeis, November 11, 1911.4 I don’t want a smug lot of experts to sit down behind closed doors in Washington and play providence to me. —Woodrow Wilson, September 17, 1912.5 [A]n attempt was very properly made . to provide tribunals which would distinctly determine what was fair and what was unfair competi- * Attorney, Office of the General Counsel, Federal Trade Commission. The views expressed herein are the author’s and do not necessarily represent the views of the Commission or any Commissioner. The author thanks William Kovacic, James May, Bruce Freedman, James Hurwitz, Theodore Gebhard, Hillary Greene, Robert Lande, Stephen Calkins, Marilyn Kerst, and Tara Koslov for helpful comments. The author also acknowl- edges the help of Elaine Sullivan, other staff of the Federal Trade Commission library, and Tab Lewis of the National Archives. -
Nominations of J. Thomas Rosch and William E
S. HRG. 109–318 NOMINATIONS OF J. THOMAS ROSCH AND WILLIAM E. KOVACIC TO BE COMMISSIONERS OF THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 14, 2005 Printed for the use of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 26–352 PDF WASHINGTON : 2006 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:52 Mar 17, 2006 Jkt 026352 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 S:\WPSHR\GPO\DOCS\26352.TXT JACK PsN: JACKF SENATE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION TED STEVENS, Alaska, Chairman JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Co-Chairman CONRAD BURNS, Montana JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia TRENT LOTT, Mississippi JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine BARBARA BOXER, California GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada MARIA CANTWELL, Washington GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska JIM DEMINT, South Carolina MARK PRYOR, Arkansas DAVID VITTER, Louisiana LISA J. SUTHERLAND, Republican Staff Director CHRISTINE DRAGER KURTH, Republican Deputy Staff Director DAVID RUSSELL, Republican Chief Counsel MARGARET L. CUMMISKY, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel SAMUEL E. WHITEHORN, Democratic Deputy Staff Director and General Counsel LILA HARPER HELMS, Democratic Policy Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 09:52 Mar 17, 2006 Jkt 026352 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\WPSHR\GPO\DOCS\26352.TXT JACK PsN: JACKF C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on November 14, 2005 ..................................................................... -
DOJ's Antitrust Division
THE COURAGE TO LEARN A RETROSPECTIVE ON ANTITRUST AND COMPETITION POLICY DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION AND FRAMEWORK FOR A NEW, STRUCTURALIST APPROACH Krista Brown Lucas Kunce Reed Showalter Matt Buck Sarah Miller Matt Stoller Pat Garofalo Kalen Pruss Olivia Webb January 2021 economicliberties.us ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For generously reviewing drafts and providing expert insight, Economic Liberties thanks Jeff Chester, Brandi Collins-Dexter, Eric Cramer, Joshua Davis, Jonathan Kanter, Lina Khan, John Kwoka, Frank Pasquale, Hal Singer, Shaoul Sussman, Zephyr Teachout, and Tommaso Valletti. For invaluable help in drafting and editing the Agriculture section, we thank Claire Kelloway. Any mistakes are our own. 2 THE COURAGE TO LEARN TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 7 Introduction 8 Why Did Enforcers Fail Under the Obama Administration? 19 “Consumer Welfare” and the Creation of America’s Concentration Crisis 21 PART I: THE ANTITRUST AGENCIES DURING 24 THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION The 2008 Opportunity 25 DOJ and FTC Enforcement Against Single-Firm Conduct and Monopolization 30 Settlements 31 IDEXX 31 Intel 32 Pool Corp 32 Litigated Victory 33 McWane 33 DOJ and FTC Enforcement Against Anticompetitive Mergers 33 Significant Merger Challenges 40 Anheuser-Busch InBev and Grupo Modelo 41 Anheuser-Busch InBev and MillerCoors 42 Anthem and Cigna 42 Aetna and Humana 43 AT&T and T-Mobile 43 Comcast and Time Warner 44 H&R Block and TaxACT 45 Office Depot and Staples 46 Sysco and US Foods 47 The Failure of Settlement Strategies for Mergers 48 Hertz and Dollar -
The Federal Trade Commission As an Independent Agency: Autonomy, Legitimacy, and Effectiveness
A9_KOVACIC & WINERMAN.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 6/11/2015 8:15 PM The Federal Trade Commission as an Independent Agency: Autonomy, Legitimacy, and Effectiveness William E. Kovacic & Marc Winerman I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 2086 II. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE COMPETITION AGENCY TO THE POLITICAL PROCESS: DESIGN TRADEOFFS ................................... 2088 III. THE SOURCES OF POLITICAL PRESSURE ...................................... 2091 A. IMPLICATIONS FOR LAW DRAFTING AND INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN ................................................................................. 2092 B. THE FTC’S CHARTER ............................................................ 2092 IV. THE MEANING OF INDEPENDENCE .............................................. 2096 V. ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICES THAT CAN DETERMINE INDEPENDENCE ........................................................................... 2098 VI. UNIVERSAL PRESSURE POINTS FOR POLITICAL CONTROL OR INFLUENCE .................................................................................. 2100 A. THE APPOINTMENTS PROCESS ................................................ 2101 B. FUNDING ............................................................................... 2103 C. LEGISLATIVE CHANGES .......................................................... 2104 D. ROUTINE OVERSIGHT ............................................................ 2104 E. SETTING THE FORM OF JUDICIAL REVIEW ................................ 2105 Global Competition Professor