Electoral Pocketbook Includes results from the 2013 federal election and the 2014 WA Senate election ARCHIVED ARCHIVED Electoral Pocketbook Includes results from the 2013 federal election and the 2014 WA Senate election ARCHIVED Feedback The AEC welcomes feedback on the 2013 Electoral Pocketbook. To provide suggestions or comments visit www.aec.gov.au. Contact us 13 23 26 [email protected] www.aec.gov.au ARCHIVED Authorised by the Electoral Commissioner, West Block, Queen Victoria Terrace, Parkes, ACT 2600. Printed by CanPrint Communications Pty Ltd, 16 Nyrang Street, Fyshwick, ACT 2609. ISSN: 2203-997X The licence for this work is under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au The Australian Electoral Commission asserts the right of recognition as author of the original material. The publication should be attributed as Australian Electoral Commission 2013 Electoral Pocketbook. ii Foreword The 2013 Electoral Pocketbook provides a comprehensive yet compact guide to the 2013 federal election, incorporating the results of the WA Senate election, which was re-run in 2014 following a decision by the Court of Disputed Returns. During the 2013 federal election, more than 13.5 million people cast their ballots over a three week period. To achieve this over 70 000 polling officials were employed in more than 9 000 polling places. This Pocketbook outlines comprehensive information about the election, such as enrolment figures, types of votes cast, data on formal and informal votes and election funding and financial disclosure. Like previous editions of the Pocketbook, this edition also contains historical information about Australia’s electoral system and processes, an explanation of counting votes and the nomination process as well as information about redistributions and referendums. For additional information regarding the Australian electoral system I encourage you to go to the AEC website www.aec.gov.au. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918, Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984 and the Australian Constitution are also comprehensive sources of information about electoral and referendum processes. I commend this Pocketbook to you as a valuable resource on the 2013 federal election. To help us improve future editions of the Pocketbook, we welcome your feedback on this publication via the AEC website. Tom Rogers Electoral Commissioner ARCHIVED iii Contents Foreword iii 1. The Australian Electoral Commission 2 2. Parliamentary representation 4 2.1 The Senate 4 2.2 The House of Representatives 5 2.3 Representation in the territories 6 2.4 Prime Ministers of Australia since 1901 7 2.5 Leaders of the Opposition since 1901 9 2.6 Electoral divisions – drawing the boundaries 11 Timing of redistributions 11 The redistribution process 11 Population quota 12 Enrolment quotas 13 Redistribution timetable 15 Dates of redistributions since 1900 16 3. The electoral process 18 3.1 Events in Australian electoral history 18 Pre-Federation 18 Post-Federation 20 3.2 The election timetable 27 Possible dates for the next federal election 29 3.3 Electoral enrolment 35 The electoral roll 35 Eligibility for enrolment 35 Keeping the electoral roll up to date 35 ARCHIVEDPublic access to the electoral roll 36 Special enrolment 37 Overseas enrolment 39 General postal voters 39 3.4 Candidates and nominations 40 3.5 Voter turnout 42 3.6 Voting 44 Types of votes 44 Voter services at the 2013 federal election 47 How to vote 47 3.7 Informal voting 49 iv Contents 3.8 Counting the votes 54 Counting the votes on election night 54 Counting the votes for the House of Representatives 55 Counting the votes for the Senate 57 Recounts 60 Legal challenges 60 3.9 Election funding and financial disclosure 61 Election funding 61 Payment procedures 61 Election financial disclosures 63 Annual financial disclosures 64 3.10 Election costs 65 4. Election results 70 4.1 Registered political parties 70 4.2 Historical election results 73 Composition of the House of Representatives 1998–2013 82 4.3 By‑elections and supplementary elections 87 By-elections 87 Supplementary elections 97 4.4 Referendums 98 Constitutional referendums 98 Advisory referendums 102 4.5 2013 House of Representatives results 103 First preference votes by political party 2007–13 103 Two-party-preferred figures 104 Results by electoral division 108 New South Wales 109 Victoria 134 Queensland 160 Western Australia 178 South Australia 189 Tasmania 195 AustralianARCHIVED Capital Territory 198 Northern Territory 199 4.6 2013–14 Senate results 200 First preference votes by group 200 State and territory summaries 202 5. Glossary and indexes 218 5.1 Glossary 218 5.2 The 44th Parliament – House of Representatives 222 5.3 The 44th Parliament – Senate 226 5.4 Alphabetical list of electoral divisions 228 5.5 Political party codes 232 v ARCHIVED ARCHIVED The Australian Electoral 1Commission 1. The Australian Electoral Commission The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) was established on 21 February 1984, following major amendments to the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (the Act). The AEC is an independent statutory authority, responsible for administering the Act and the Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984. The AEC conducts federal elections and referendums, and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll. The AEC has one key outcome: Maintain an impartial and independent electoral system for eligible voters through active electoral roll management, efficient delivery of polling services and targeted education and public awareness programs. It achieves this through three programs: Program 1.1: Electoral Roll Management Program Objective – Voter entitlement for Australians and support for electoral events and redistributions through maintaining an accurate and up-to-date electoral roll. Program 1.2: Election Management and Support Services Program Objective – Access to an impartial and independent electoral system through the provision of election services, assistance and advice. Program 1.3: Education and Communication Program Objective – Informed Australians through the provision of information services on electoral matters. ARCHIVED 2 Section 1 The Australian Electoral Commission 2 ARCHIVED Parliamentary 2representation 2. Parliamentary representation When Australia became a Federation in 1901, the Commonwealth Parliament was created. The Commonwealth Parliament consists of the Head of State and two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. All Australian citizens aged 18 years and over vote for people to represent them in both houses of Parliament. 2.1 The Senate The Senate is the upper house of the Commonwealth Parliament. It consists of 76 senators: twelve representing each of the six states and two each representing the NT and the ACT. Voters in each state and territory elect the people to represent them in the Senate. In 1901, there were six senators elected from each state, giving a total of 36. There have been three increases to the size of the Senate since Federation. Legislation passed in 1948 increased the number of senators from 36 to 60 (ten per state). In 1974 the number of senators was increased from 60 to 64 when the ACT and the NT each gained two senators. In 1983 the number of senators increased from 64 to 76 (12 per state and two per territory). Changes took effect at the elections that followed. Senators for each state are elected for six-year terms on a rotating basis, with half the senators retiring every three years (or facing a half-Senate election). The terms of senators representing the ACT and the NT commence on the day of their election and expire the day before the next federal election. The election of territory senators is held at the same time as the election of members for the House of Representatives. ARCHIVED 4 Section 2 Parliamentary representation 2.2 The House of Representatives The House of Representatives is the lower house or ‘people’s house’ of the Commonwealth Parliament. Each member of the House of Representatives is elected to represent an area known as an electoral division or electorate. For the 2013 federal election, Australia was divided into 150 electoral divisions as follows: State/territory Divisions NSW 48 Vic. 37 Qld 30 WA 15 SA 11 Tas. 5 ACT 2 NT 2 Total 150 Each electoral division within a state or territory contains about the same number of people on the electoral roll. Voters in each electoral division elect one person to represent them in the House of Representatives. Determining the number of members The number of members elected to the House of Representatives for each state is proportional to the number of people in that state. Australia’s Constitution provides the original states are to have a minimum of five members. The Act provides that at least one member is to be chosen in the ACT and the NT, and sets out a formula for determining the representation entitlements of the territories. Forming government The political party or coalition of parties which gains the support of a majority in theARCHIVED House of Representatives forms the Government. The Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition are usually members of the House of Representatives. Terms of members The maximum term of the House of Representatives is three years, taken from the date on which the elected House first meets. However, the Governor-General has the power to dissolve the House of Representatives and call an election before the end of the three year period. The House of Representatives 5 2.3 Representation in the territories The NT and the ACT have not always been represented in the Commonwealth Parliament. The NT gained one member of the House of Representatives with limited voting rights in 1922. Full voting rights were not acquired until 1968. The NT is currently represented by two members in the House of Representatives. The ACT gained one member with limited voting rights in 1948.