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First Observations of Benthos and Seston from a Submersible in the Lower St Document généré le 30 sept. 2021 21:32 Géographie physique et Quaternaire First Observations of Benthos and Seston from a Submersible in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary Premières observations du benthos et du seston à partir d’un submersible dans l’estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent Erste Benthos und Seston Beoachtungen von einem U-Boot aus, in der unteren Skt Lorenz Strom Mündung James P.M. Syvitski, N. Silverberg, G. Ouellet et K. W. Asprey Volume 37, numéro 3, 1983 Résumé de l'article Six plongées à bord du submersible Pisces IV ont permis de décrire les milieux URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032520ar benthique et pélagique de l'estuaire, large et profond, du Saint-Laurent. Le DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/032520ar fond de l'estuaire et les talus continentaux ont été divisés, selon la profondeur, en cinq zones benthiques. Ce sont, du fond vers la surface, la zone bathyale du Aller au sommaire du numéro chenal Laurentien, la zone endobenthique, la zone à Ophiura, la zone de dépôts glaciels et la zone sous l'influence des vagues. Ces zones ont été déterminées à partir des variations des populations macrobenthiques, de la Éditeur(s) texture des sédiments, de l'énergie des courants, du niveau de bioturbation et de la concentration des particules en suspension. La resuspension biologique Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal semble être importante dans les zones bathyale et endobenthique, mais la resuspension par les courants domine dans les trois autres zones. Les ISSN sédiments de la zone sous l'influence des vagues peuvent aussi être remaniés par les vagues de tempêtes. Les caractéristiques du seston sont fortement 0705-7199 (imprimé) influencées par la source et la dynamique des différentes masses d'eau. Une 1492-143X (numérique) grande partie du matériel en suspension provient de la couche superficielle, entraîné par le courant du Saint-Laurent. Les grosses particules, surtout les Découvrir la revue agrégats organo-minéraux, sont de plus en plus grosses en profondeur, ce qui suppose une descente rapide du matériel en suspension vers le fond. Dans la couche intermédiaire supérieure, des zones de turbulence stratifiées réduisent Citer cet article temporairement la taille des agrégats. La partie inférieure de la couche intermédiaire ne contient pas de ces stratifications fines et est plutôt Syvitski, J. P., Silverberg, N., Ouellet, G. & Asprey, K. W. (1983). First caractérisée par la présence de longues chaînes de particules rattachées par un Observations of Benthos and Seston from a Submersible in the Lower St. filament délicat. Dans la couche de fond, l'accroissement de la turbulence Lawrence Estuary. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 37(3), 227–240. transforme les agrégats en un brouillard de fines particules. https://doi.org/10.7202/032520ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1983 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1983, vol. XXXVII, n° 3, p. 227-240, 12 fig. FIRST OBSERVATIONS OF BENTHOS AND SESTON FROM A SUBMERSIBLE IN THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY James P.M. SYVITSKI, N. SILVERBERG, G. OUELLET and K.W. ASPREY, First and fourth authors, Geological Sur­ vey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, second and third authors, Département d'océanographie, université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1. ABSTRACT Six dives with the submer­ RÉSUMÉ Premières observations du ZUSAM MENFASSUNG Erste Benthos sible PISCES IV have permitted a unique benthos et du seston à partir d'un sub­ und Seston Beoachtungen von einem U- description of the benthic and pelagic mersible dans l'estuaire maritime du Boot aus, in der unteren Skt Lorenz environments of a large, deep Canadian Saint-Laurent. Six plongées à bord du Strom Mùndung. Sechs Tauchmanôver estuary. The estuarine floor and conti­ submersible Pisces IV ont permis de mit dem U-Boot Pisces IV haben eine nental slopes are divided into five décrire les milieux benthique et einzigartige Beschreibung der benthis- depth-dependent benthic zones. In order pélagique de l'estuaire, large et profond, chen und pelagischen Umgebung einer of decreasing depth are the Bathyal du Saint-Laurent. Le fond de l'estuaire et grossen, tiefen, kanadischen Mùndung Trough Zone, the lnfaunal Zone, the les talus continentaux ont été divisés, erlaubt. Der Aestuarboden und die Kon- Ophiura Zone, the Ice Rafting Zone and selon la profondeur, en cinq zones tinentalhànge sind in fùnf tiefenbedingte the Wave Base Zone. The zonal bound­ benthiques. Ce sont, du fond vers la sur­ benthische Zonen eingeteilt. Der Ord- aries are based on changes in the faunal face, la zone bathyale du chenal Lauren- nung nach, in abnehmender Tiefe, liegen community, sediment texture, current tien, la zone endobenthique, la zone à die bathyal Zone des Skt-Lorenz Kanals, energy, level of bioturbation and sus­ Ophiura, la zone de dépôts glaciels et la die endobenthische Zone, die Ophiura pended particulate loading. Biological zone sous l'influence des vagues. Ces Zone, die Eisstrandungs Zone und die resuspension appears important in the zones ont été déterminées à partir des Wellen-Einfluss-Zone. Die Zonengrenzen Bathyal Trough and lnfaunal Zones. Cur­ variations des populations macrobenthi- sind auf Verànderungen in der Fau- rent resuspension dominates the ques, de la texture des sédiments, de nenwelt, Sedimenttextur, Strômung- Ophiura and Ice Rafting Zones with l'énergie des courants, du niveau de senergie, Niveau der Bioturbation und storm waves additionally reworking the bioturbation et de la concentration des der Konzentration der Schwebstoffe ge- Wave-Base sediments. Seston charac­ particules en suspension. La resuspen­ grùndet. Biologische Resuspension ist in teristics are strongly influenced by the sion biologique semble être importante der bathyalen und endobentischen Zone source and dynamics of the host water dans les zones bathyale et endobenthi­ wichtig, wàhrend die Resuspension mass. The Surface Layer, the entrained que, mais la resuspension par les cou­ durch die Strômung in der Ophiura outflow from the St. Lawrence River, is rants domine dans les trois autres zones. und Eisstrandungszone ùberwiegt, mit the source of most suspended matter Les sédiments de la zone sous zusàtzlicher Bearbeitung der Wellen- found beneath. Large particles, mostly l'influence des vagues peuvent aussi être Basis-Elemente durch Sturmwellen. Ses­ organo-mineral aggregates, become remaniés par les vagues de tempêtes. ton Kennzeichen sind durch die Dynamik even larger with depth and indicate a Les caractéristiques du seston sont der Gastgewàsser stark beeinflusst. Ein rapid downward transfer of suspended fortement influencées par la source et la grosser Teil der Schwebstoffe kommt sediment. The upper Intermediate Layer dynamique des différentes masses d'eau. aus der oberen Schicht und wird durch is complicated by stratified zones of tur­ Une grande partie du matériel en sus­ die Strômung des Skt Lorenz Stromes bulence that temporarily reduce the floe pension provient de la couche mitgeschleppt. Grosse Teile, meistens size. With the absence of such fine water superficielle, entraîné par le courant du organisch-mineral Aggregate werden mit structure, the lower Intermediate Layer is Saint-Laurent. Les grosses particules, wachsender Tiefe noch grosser und characterized by long chains of marine surtout les agrégats organo-minéraux, zeigen ein schnelles Sinken der Schweb­ "snow" joined by delicate filaments. The sont de plus en plus grosses en profon­ stoffe an. In der oberen Zwischenschicht Bottom Layer, a zone of increased tur­ deur, ce qui suppose une descente verringern die stratifizierten Turbulen bulence, had aggregates breaking up rapide du matériel en suspension vers le Zonen zeitweilig die Grosse der Ag­ into a haze of fine particles. fond. Dans la couche intermédiaire gregate. Der untere Teil der Zwischens­ supérieure, des zones de turbulence chicht zeigt keine solche feinen Strati- stratifiées réduisent temporairement la fikationen und kennzeichnet sich eher taille des agrégats. La partie inférieure durch die Gegenwart von langen Ketten de la couche intermédiaire ne contient von Schwebstoffteilchen, die durch pas de ces stratifications fines et est einen dùnnen Faden zusammenhalten. In plutôt caractérisée par la présence de der Grundschicht, einer Zone mit ver- longues chaînes de particules rattachées mehrterTurbulenz, werden die Aggregate par un filament délicat. Dans la couche zu einem Nebel feiner Teilchen aufge- de fond, l'accroissement de la turbul­ brochen. ence transforme les agrégats en un brouillard de fines particules. 228 J. P. M. SYVITSKI, N. SILVERBERG, G. OUELLET and K. W. ASPREY INTRODUCTION The use of research submersibles by marine scien­ tists has proved to be an eye-opener' to many, espe­ cially in regard to the discovery of new processes (CORLISS et al., 1979; TUNNiCLIFFE and SYVITSKI, 1983). Detailed submersible surveys have provided a means of: a) comparing "ground truth"
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