DOCSLIB.ORG

Version 10 February 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Version 10 February 2012 CMDh/223/2005 February 2014 Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen Liquid extract of a mixture of Artemisia absinthium L., herba, Gentiana lutea L., radix, Angelica archangelica L., radix, Acorus calamus L., rhizoma, Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch., rhizoma, Commiphora molmol Engler gummi-resina, Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wigg., radix, Marubium vulgare L., herba, Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, rhizoma, Juglans regia L., folium, Valeriana officinalis L., radix, Cinnamomum verum J.S.Presl, cortex, Elettaria cardamomum, (L.) Maton, fructus AT/H/0584/001/MR Date: 03.04.2017 This module reflects the scientific discussion for the approval of Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen. The procedure was finalised on 22.03.2017. For information on changes after this date, please refer to the module ‘Update’. 1 I. INTRODUCTION Based on the review of the quality, safety and efficacy data, the Member States have granted a traditional use registration for herbal medicinal product application for Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen, from Riviera Pharma & Cosmetics GmbH. The product is a traditional herbal medicinal product for use in mild dyspepsia (such as feeling of abdominal fullness, flatulence) and loss of appetite. The product is a traditional herbal medicinal product for use in the specified indication exclusively based upon long-standing use. A comprehensive description of the indications and posology is given in the SmPC. The traditional use registration has been granted pursuant to Article 16a of Directive 2001/83/EC. The medicinal product was registered in Austria on 14.09.2009 according to art. 16a of Dir 2001/83 as amended. In Austria the product is in medicinal use since 1977. II. QUALITY ASPECTS II.1 Introduction Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen is an oral solution which is presented in a brown glass bottle. II.2 Drug Substance The active substance in Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen is an extract (as liquid extract) of a mixture of herbal substances from Artemisia absinthium L., herba (wormwood herb), Gentiana lutea L., radix (gentian root), Angelica archangelica L., radix (angelica root), Commiphora molmol Engler, gummi-resina (myrrh), Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wigg., radix (dandelion root), Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe, rhizoma (zedoary rhizome), Juglans regia L., folium (walnut leaves), Acorus calamus L., rhizoma (calamus rhizome), Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch., rhizoma (tormentil), Marubium vulgare L., herba (white horehound), Valeriana officinalis L., radix (valerian root), Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl, cortex (cinnamon), Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, fructus (cardamom fruit). The specification of the herbal preparation comprises tests regarding identity and physical- chemical parameters only, as the liquid extract is processed continuously to the finished product. The analytical methods are well described and, if necessary, validated. As the liquid extract is processed continuously to the finished product no container closure system and no stability data for the herbal preparation are necessary. 2 II.3 Medicinal Product Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen contains the following excipients: - Ethanol - Nutmeg flavour - Sugar couleur - Purified water This medicinal product contains 38 vol % ethanol (alcohol), i.e. up to 1.5 g per dose (5 ml), equivalent to 37.5 ml beer or 15 ml wine per dose. The development of the product has been sufficiently made and deemed appropriate. The usage of all the excipients has been described. The release specification includes the check of all parameters relevant to this pharmaceutical form. Appropriate data concerning the control of the finished product support the compliance with the release specifications. The packaging of the medicinal product complies with the current legal requirements. Stability studies under ICH conditions have been performed and data presented support the shelf life claimed in the SmPC, with a shelf life of 36 months. The unopened medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions. The pharmaceutical quality of Original Schwedenbitter Riviera - Lösung zum Einnehmen has been adequately shown. II.4 Discussion on chemical, pharmaceutical and biological aspects Information on development, manufacture and control of active substance and medicinal product has been presented in a satisfactory manner. The results of tests carried out indicate satisfactory consistency and uniformity of important product quality characteristics. III. NON-CLINICAL ASPECTS III.1 Pharmacology According to the company and overview of the non-clinical testing strategy specific studies were not performed as the active ingredients have a well know effects according to the presented literature. This is endorsed. III.2 Pharmacokinetics According to the NCO, Original Sweden Bitters (OSB) is a complex drug and the active ingredients are herbs containing numerous substances that influence the organism pharmacokinetic. Thus, description of absorption, distribution, metabolism, plasma binding and excretion cannot be provided. The argumentation of the company regarding pharmacokinetics is acceptable. 3 III.3 Toxicology OSB manufactured by Riviera is a traditional herbal medicinal product. According to NCO all herbs have been used as constituents of herbal remedies for a very long time and have an established pharmacological and toxicological profile. Therefore, no specific studies except an AMES test to exclude mutagenicity of OSB were done. In the NCO the company argues that examinations on bioavailability, pharmacokinetics or the exact way of action are impossible in preparations of multiple herbs with the associated low quantity of every single herb and the complex nature of biological material. This argumentation is considered acceptable. To exclude any risks of mutagenicity an AMES with Salmonella typhimurium was performed according ISO 10993-3; OECD- Guideline 471. The test was performed both as Ames plate incorporation test and as Ames fluctuation assay in microtiter plate format. In both assays, “Original Schwedenbitter Riviera” showed no mutagenic potential. The amount of test substance comprises 0.312 µl (mg) per plate up to 5 µl (mg) per plate for the “plate incorporation assay”. The results show that no mutagenic potential of the “Original Schwedenbitter Riviera” could be detected. A literature search provided in NCO on the herbal constituents did not reveal new information. Thus, OSB manufactured by Riviera is considered to be safe provided for the necessary caution regarding the excipient ethanol. The risks associated with ethanol are well known. Use in alcoholics or in pregnancy and lactation is therefore contraindicated. III.4 Ecotoxicity/environmental risk assessment (ERA) According to the “Guideline on the environmental risk assessment of medicinal products for human use“ (EMEA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00) herbal medicinal products are exempted from environmental risk assessment due to the nature of their constituents. III.5 Discussion on the non-clinical aspects The non-clinical overview on the pre-clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology is adequate. IV. CLINICAL ASPECTS IV.1 Introduction Original Schwedenbitter Riviera is a bitter extract of herbal substances in 38 % v/v ethanol. The product is a traditional remedy for light gastrointestinal disturbances, therapeutic area: A03 or A09. The targeted indications are light stomach disturbances, loss of appetite, and light digestive disorders. 4 The name "Schwedenbitter (Swedish bitters)" indicates that the product was developed based on the long tradition of comparable products in Europe and thus is a traditional herbal medicinal product. IV.2 Pharmacokinetics Original Sweden Bitters (OSB) is a complex drug and the active ingredients are herbs containing numerous substances that influence the organism pharmacokinetic. Thus, description of absorption, distribution, metabolism, plasma binding and excretion cannot be provided. The argumentation of the company regarding pharmacokinetics is acceptable. According to Article 16 c (1) (a) (iii) of Directive 2001/83/EC, no studies on pharmacokinetics are required for a Traditional Herbal Registration. IV.3 Pharmacodynamics Reference is made to the assessment reports of the applicable European Union Herbal monographs and to other literature sources. The bitter taste is considered the main pharmacological effect. According to Article 16 c (1) (a) (iii) of Directive 2001/83/EC, no studies on pharmacodynamics are required for a Traditional Herbal Registration. IV.4 Clinical efficacy The preparation Original Sweden Bitters (OSB) by Riviera is a traditional herbal medicinal product that consists merely of well-known constituents with an established pharmacological profile. Specific efficacy studies were therefore not done. The approved indication for the traditional herbal medicinal product in the country of origin (Austria) is: Traditional herbal medicine used in slight gastrointestinal disturbances (such as sensation of fullness, flatulence) and loss of appetite. The European Union monographs, standard handbooks as well as Commission E monographs document the medicinal use of the single ingredients for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The evidence on traditional use has been properly demonstrated. Changes in the composition were either due safety considerations or were triggered by national
Load more

Recommended publications
  • One for All - Artemisia Absinthium (Afsanteen) “A Potent Unani Drug”
    Review article One for All - Artemisia absinthium (Afsanteen) “A Potent Unani Drug” Ayshah Hashimi1, Mantasha Binth Siraj2, Yasmeen Ahmed3, Md. Akhtar Siddiqui4, Umar Jahangir5* 1,2,3 M.D. Scholar, 4 Professor, 5 Assistant Professor Department of Moalajat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India ABSTRACT The therapeutic use of the wormwood plant Artemisia absinthium L. dates back to at least Roman times. There are more than 200 plants in the genus Artemisia- including southern wormwood, petite wormwood and Grande wormwood and encompasses about 500 species. The best-known species of wormwood is Artemisia absinthium, native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa and is branded for its extreme bitterness. It is a magical greens booze used as carminative to support healthy appetite, balances healthy flora, cleanse the digestive tract of parasite and toxins. It possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-helminthic and anti-depressant activity. Thujone excites nervous system when taken in small amount. Due to contrary history of wormwood, its application in individuals should be preceded by a thorough and cautious risk-benefit analysis. In this appraisal an attempt is done to validate scientifically, mentioned therapeutic potential of Artemisia absinthium in classical Unani literature using PubMed, Science Direct researches. Keywords Afsanteen, Wormwood, Thujone, Unani, Hepatoprotective INTRODUCTION largest and highly advanced family with approximately 1528 (Mukherjee, 2006), (TYROCITY, 2018) or 1620 (Petruzzello, Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. 2018), (Panero, et al., 2012) genera and 22750 or 23600 Since prehistoric times, in quest for rescue for their disease, the species of herbs, shrubs and trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability of Thujone Content in Essential Oil Due to Plant Development and Organs from Artemisia Absinthium L
    Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 92, 100 - 105 (2019), DOI:10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.014 Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Variability of thujone content in essential oil due to plant development and organs from Artemisia absinthium L. and Salvia officinalis L. Huong Thi Nguyen*, Péter Radácsi, Péter Rajhárt, Éva Zámboriné Németh (Submitted: March 4, 2019; Accepted: March 22, 2019) Summary 5.0 mg thujone/day/person for a maximum duration of use of 2 weeks (EMA/HMPC, 2008b). The study compared changes in essential oil content and its thujone Although both α- and β-thujones are also found naturally in con- ratio in two popular herbs (Artemisia absinthium L. and Salvia offi- siderable concentrations in other essential oils (EO) such as tansy cinalis L.), pertaining to plant development and plant organs. Both (Tanacetum vulgare), white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and other species were harvested in 2018 at the vegetative, floral budding, Artemisia and Achillea species (PELKONEN et al., 2013), the above flowering and after flowering phases; flowers and leaves were sam- mentioned A. absinthium and S. officinalis species are the most cha- pled separately. The essential content is always higher in the flowers racteristic ones as well as being found in numerous preparations fre- than in the leaves at the same phenophase in both species we exa- quently used by consumers. mined. Decreased essential oil content in both organs during the The mean concentration of α- and β-thujones in A. absinthium oils developmental phases was also common to both species. In S.
    [Show full text]
  • Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium L.) – a Curious Plant with Both
    Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 1 Letter to the Editor 5 6 7 8 2 Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) – a curious plant with both 9 10 11 12 3 neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties? 13 14 15 4 16 17 5 Re: "Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and 18 19 20 6 reperfusion-induced cerebral injury" by Bora and Sharma (J. Ethnopharmacol 2010;in press) 21 22 7 23 24 8 Dirk W. Lachenmeier* 25 26 27 9 Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe 28 2910 Weissenburger Strasse 3 30 3111 D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany 32 3312 34 35 3613 * Corresponding author. 37 3814 Tel.: +49-721-926-5434; fax: +49-721-926-5539. 39 4015 E-mail address: [email protected] (D.W. Lachenmeier) 41 4216 43 44 45 4617 47 48 49 5018 51 52 53 5419 55 56 5720 Conflicts of Interest: None declared. 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 65 1 2 321 Abstract 4 5 622 The medical use of the wormwood plant Artemisia absinthium L. dates back to at least Roman times, 7 8 923 while during the last century this tradition was seemingly on the decline due to fears of absinthism, a 10 1124 syndrome allegedly caused by the wormwood-flavoured spirit absinthe and more specifically as a result 12 13 1425 of thujone, a monoterpene ketone often present in the essential oil of wormwood. If threshold 15 1626 concentrations are exceeded, thujone does in fact exhibit neurotoxic properties leading to dose- 17 18 1927 dependent tonic-clonic seizures in animals, likely caused by GABA type A receptor modulation.
    [Show full text]
  • (187Ml) 9 Barefoot, Moscato 8 St. Michelle, Riesling 7 Monkey
    :LQH &RUGLDO2IIHULQJV White AppleJack BranDy 6 Zonin, Prosecco (187ml) 9 Baileys 6 Barefoot, Moscato 8 Capel Pisco 7 St. Michelle, Riesling 7 Caravella Limoncello 6 Monkey Bay, Sauvignon Blanc 7 Campari 7 Rex Goliath, Pinot Grigio 7 Cynar 7 Canyon RoaD, Chardonnay 9 Di Saronno 7 BV, Chardonnay 7 Drambuie 7 Frangelico 7 Red Fernet Branca 7 Mark West, Pinot Noir 8 Fireball 5 J. Lohr, Merlot 10 GranD Marnier 8 Cline, ZindanDel 7 Jagermeister 6 Red DiamonD, Cabernet Sauvignon 8 Kahlua 6 Don Miguel Gascon, Malbec 8 3LPP¶V 6 Morse Code, Shiraz 8 UndergrounD 6 Yukon Jack 6 :LQH&RFNWDLOV French 75: Aviation, Lemon Juice, Simple Syrup, Prosecco 9 Red Splash: Sauza, Agave Syrup, Lime, Grapefruit, Pinot Noir 9 Autumn Swim: Absolut, Melon Liqueur, Lemon, Simple, Sauv Blanc 9 /LTXHXUVDQG&RUGLDOV 'UDIW%HHU 6HUYHGLQDR],PSHULDO3LQW Liqueurs, or cordials, are a sweet Distilled spirit with sugar contents start- ing at 2.5 percent, with the sweetest going far beyonD that. BuD Light, St. Louis, MO 5 These spirits often begin with a base liquor, which coulD be anything from a neutral grain alcohol to a branDy, whiskey, or rum. Sugar is aDDeD to the Deschutes River Ale, BenD, OR 6 base along with a mix of herbs, fruits anD spices DepenDing on the DesireD Pabst Blue Ribbon, Milwaukee, WI 5 flavor. You will often see liqueurs with a specific flavor profile, such as cu- Shock Top, St. Louis, MO 5 racao (orange) or creme De framboise (raspberry). Other liqueurs are more of a blenD of flavors, like Campari, Drambuie anD Tuaca.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSINTH WORMWOOD: Options for Control
    ABSINTH WORMWOOD: Options for control Absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), a class Absinth is also tainted and rejected for use in flour. Allelopa- - C noxious weed in Lincoln County, Washington is a peren- thy has been demonstrated in Absinth wormwood. Volatile nial forb which is easily recognized by its strong sage odor. emissions from the leaves of absinth completely prevented Absinth wormwood is a member of the composite family. The germination in wheat (Triticum triticale). plant also is known as American or common Absinth wormwood is a prolific seed producer but wormwood, mugwort or madderwort, and worm- also can spread by short roots. The plant is most wood sage. The young flower heads are the source of aromatic oil used in preparation of vermouth often found on dry soils, in overgrazed pasture and and absinth. Absinth wormwood oil is pure poi- rangeland, wastelands, and roadsides. Absinth is son, and should only be used externally. commonly 3 feet tall at maturity but can grow over 5 “Absinthium” means “without sweetness” and this feet tall. The plant is woody at the base and re-grows is truly a bitter plant. The unpleasantly pungent from the soil level each spring. Leaves are light to fragrance and the extremely bitter taste of the foli- olive green in color, 2 to 5 inches long, and divided age serve to remind that absinth is poisonous! Do two or three times into deeply lobed leaflets. Leaves not ingest any part of this toxic plant. The leaves and stems are covered with fine silky hairs that give of Absinth can be rubbed on the skin for an effec- the plant a grayish appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Gardens Full Plant List 2016
    MOUNTAIN GARDENS BARE ROOT PLANT SALES WWW.MOUNTAINGARDENSHERBS.COM Here is our expanded list of bare root plants. Prices are $4-$5 as indicated. Note that some are only available in spring or summer, as indicated; otherwise they are available all seasons. No price listed = not available this year. We begin responding to requests in April and plants are generally shipped in May and June, though inquiries are welcome throughout the growing season. We ship early in the week by Priority Mail. For most orders, except very large or very small, we use flat rate boxes @$25 per shipment. Some species will sell out – please list substitutes, or we will refund via Paypal or a check. TO ORDER, email name/number of plants wanted & your address to [email protected] Payment: Through Paypal, using [email protected]. If you prefer, you can mail your order with a check (made out to ‘Joe Hollis’) to 546 Shuford Cr. Rd., Burnsville, NC 28714. Or you can pick up your plants at the nursery (please send your order and payment with requested pick-up date in advance). * Shipping & handling: 25$ flat rate on all but very small or very large orders – will verify via email. MOUNTAIN GARDENS PLANT LIST *No price listed = not available this year. LATIN NAME COMMON NAME BARE USE/CATEGORY ROOT Edible, Medicinal, etc. Achillea millefolium Yarrow $4.00 Medicinal Aconitum napellus Monkshood, Chinese, fu zi ChinMed, Ornamental Acorus calamus Calamus, sweet flag Med Acorus gramineus shi chang pu 4 ChinMed Actaea racemosa Black Cohosh 4 Native Med Aegopodium podograria
    [Show full text]
  • Sélection De Lignées D'artemisia Absinthium L. Adaptées À La
    Plantes aromatiques et médicinales Sélection de lignées d’Artemisia absinthium L. adaptées à la fabrication d’une absinthe typée Annabelle BERTHET1, Ambra MARCOLLI1, Benoit BACH2, Pierrick REBENAQUE2 et Nicolas DELABAYS1 1 Institut Terre Nature Environnement (inTNE), HEPIA, HES-SO/Genève, 1254 Jussy, Suisse 2 Haute école de viticulture et œnologie, Changins, 1260 Nyon, Suisse Renseignements: Annabelle Berthet, tél. +41 22 546 68 47, e-mail: [email protected], www.hesge.ch/hepia Champ de grande absinthe, Artemisia absinthium, au Mont-de-Travers (NE). Introduction fabrication et la commercialisation de l’absinthe, mais uniquement pour un usage personnel. La tradition La grande absinthe, Artemisia absinthium L., espèce clandestine ainsi que la forte variabilité de la composi- de la famille des Astéracées, est une herbacée vivace tion chimique des plantes produites au Val-de-Travers originaire du bassin méditerranéen (Lamarti et al. poussent de nombreuses distilleries à utiliser des 1996). En Suisse, elle pousse principalement dans les plantes importées. Pourtant, des caractéristiques sen- Alpes et au sud du pays. Espèce médicinale (Anonyme sorielles spécifiques – bien qu’encore peu décrites – 2017), elle est utilisée depuis deux siècles, en associa- sont recherchées chez A. absinthium, principalement tion avec d’autres plantes, pour l’élaboration du spiri- l’amertume et des arômes typiques. La sélection de tueux nommé «absinthe», originaire du Val-de-Travers plantes avec un profil chimique assurant ces qualités (NE). Sa distillation fut interdite entre 1908 et 2005 à organoleptiques, mais présentant parallèlement un cause de la présence de thuyone, une molécule jugée taux de thuyone réduit et stable, est un enjeu impor- à l’époque responsable de crises de folie meurtrières tant en vue de la production d’une absinthe typique, (Luauté et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Herbs for the Home Gardener
    Department of Horticultural Science Horticulture Information Leaflet 8110 2/98 GROWING HERBS FOR THE HOME GARDENER Erv Evans, Extension Associate, Horticultural Science Jeanine Davis, Extension Specialist, Horticultural Science An herb is any plant used whole or in part as • Plant herbs in average garden soil with an ingredient for health, flavor, or fragrance. organic matter added to improve texture Herbs can be used to make teas; perk up and drainage. cooked foods such as meats, vegetables, • Choose a site that receives at least 6 sauces, and soups; or to add flavor to hours of direct sun each day. vinegars, butters, dips, or mustards. Many herbs are grown for their fragrance and are • Avoid ground where water stands or used in potpourris, sachets, and nosegays; runs during heavy rains. or to scent bath water, candles, oils, or • Compensate for poor drainage with raised perfumes. More than 25% of our modern beds amended with compost. drugs contain plant extracts as active ingredients, and researchers continue to • Apply balanced fertilizers sparingly to isolate valuable new medicines from plants leafy, fast growing herbs. Heavy and confirm the benefits of those used in applications of fertilizer, especially those traditional folk medicine. containing large amounts of nitrogen, will decrease the concentration of essential Herbs as a group are relatively easy to grow. oils in the lush green growth. Begin your herb garden with the herbs you enjoy using the most. For example, choose Plan your herb garden by grouping herbs basil, oregano, and fennel for Italian cooking; according to light, irrigation, and soil lavender and lemon verbena for making requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Absinthe, Absinthism and Thujone – New Insight Into the Spirit's Impact on Public Health
    32 The Open Addiction Journal, 2010, 3, 32-38 Open Access Absinthe, Absinthism and Thujone – New Insight into the Spirit's Impact on Public Health Dirk W. Lachenmeier*,1, David Nathan-Maister2, Theodore A. Breaux3, Jean-Pierre Luauté4 and Joachim Emmert5 1Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Oxygenee Ltd, P.O. Box 340, Burgess Hill, RH15 5AP, UK 3Jade Liqueurs, L.L.C., 3588 Brookfield Rd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35226, USA 425 Rue de la République, 26100 Romans, France 5Perreystrasse 34, D-68219 Mannheim, Germany Abstract: Absinthe, a strong alcoholic aperitif, is notorious for containing the compound ‘thujone’, which has been commonly regarded as its ‘active ingredient’. It has been widely theorized that the thujone content of vintage absinthe made it harmful to public health, and caused the distinct syndrome absinthism, which was extensively described in the literature prior to the spirit’s ban in 1915. The interdisciplinary research presented in this paper shows that 1) absinthism cannot be distinguished from common alcoholism in the medical research literature of the time, and that 2) due to the physical chemistry of the distillation process, the thujone content of vintage absinthe was considerably lower than previously estimated and corresponds to levels generally recognized as safe, as proven by analyses of absinthes from the pre-ban era. Due to the re-legalization of absinthe in the European Union and more recently in the United States, potential public health concerns have re-emerged, not expressly based on worries about thujone content or absinthism, but on alcohol-related harm and youth protection issues, exacerbated by marketing strategies promoting absinthe using false and discredited claims pertaining to thujone and stubbornly persistant myths.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSINTH WORMWOOD (Artemisia Absinthium)
    ABSINTH WORMWOOD (Artemisia absinthium) Description: Absinth wormwood, also known as American or common wormwood, mugwort or madder wort, and wormwood sage, is a member of the Asteraceae family. Absinth wormwood is a herbaceous perennial with a strong sage odor. The plant is commonly 3 feet tall at maturity but can grow to over 5 feet. Leaves are 2 to 5 inches long, divided two or three times into deeply lobed leaflets and are light to olive green in color. Leaves and stems of the plant are covered with fine silky hairs that give the plant a grayish appearance. Stems are also woody at the base of the plant. Flower stalks appear at each upper leaf node and produce numerous yellow flower heads that are Absinth wormwood 1/8 inch in diameter. Absinth wormwood seed is less than 1/16 long, smooth, flat, and light gray-brown in color. Absinth wormwood is considered a noxious weed under North Dakota state law, thus landowners are required to eradicate or control the spread of the plant. Plant Images: Young plant Rosette leaves Stems Distribution and Habitat: Absinth wormwood is native to Eurasia and has now established across the northeastern United States, the Midwest, the Great Plains, and Canada. The plant can be found in both dry and moist soils. Absinth wormwood is generally found on dry soils in pastures, cropland, farmsteads, shelterbelts, roadsides, fence rows, and waste areas. There have also been reports that the plant prefers an abundant supply of moisture to thrive. Therefore, absinth wormwood can occur in areas associated with above-average moisture levels.
    [Show full text]
  • L'absinthe (Artemisia Absinthium
    L’Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) : approche ethnobotanique Aminthe Renouf To cite this version: Aminthe Renouf. L’Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) : approche ethnobotanique. Sciences phar- maceutiques. 2019. dumas-02459122 HAL Id: dumas-02459122 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02459122 Submitted on 29 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. U.F.R. Santé Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme d’état de Docteur en Pharmacie Préparée au sein de l’Université de Caen Normandie L’Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) : Approche ethnobotanique Présentée par Aminthe RENOUF Soutenue publiquement le lundi 2 décembre 2019 devant le jury composé de Professeur des Universités/ Botanique, Mycologie, Biotechnologies/ U.F.R Santé Monsieur David GARON Président du jury Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Caen Normandie Maitre de Conférences des Universités/ Botanique, Mycologie, Biotechnologies/ Monsieur Jean-Philippe RIOULT U.F.R Santé Faculté des Sciences Directeur de thèse Pharmaceutiques Université de Caen Normandie Maitre de Conférences des Universités/ Pharmacognosie/ U.F.R Santé Faculté des Monsieur Jérôme QUINTIN Examinateur Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Caen Normandie Docteur en Pharmacie diplômée de la Madame Alice MAZE Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de Examinateur Rennes Thèse dirigée par Jean-Philippe RIOULT U.F.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblical Plants
    Biblical Plants ALOE VERA PSALM 45:8, JOHN 19:39 ANGELICA Angelica archangelica Holy Ghost Plant Legend Healing Herb ANISE HYSSOP Agastache foeniculum MATTHEW 23:23 APPLE Prunus armiraica PROVERBS:25 BAY TREE Laurus nobilis PSALM 37:35 Rep. Cedar of Lebanon BEE BALM (BERGAMOT) Monarda didyma JEREMIAH 8:22 BOXWOOD Buxus longifolia ISAIAH 41:19 BRAMBLES Rubus ulmifolius JUDGES:9 BURNING BUSH Euonymus alatus EXODUS 3:2 CALENDULA Calendula officinalis LUKE 1:28-38 Mary's Gold CORIANDER Coriandrum sativum EXODUS 16:31, EXODUS 12:8 COSTMARY (BIBLE LEAF) Tanacetum balsamita ACTS 20:7-20 Eutychus should use this to stay awake. CUCUMBER Cucumis sativus NUMBERS 11:5 CUMIN Cumin cuminum MATTHEW 23:23, ISAIAH 28:25-27 DAYLILY Hemerocallis fulva MATTHEW 6:28-29 DELPHINIUM LUKE 2:1-7 Mary's blue robe (tradition) DILL Anethum graveolens MATTHEW 23:23, ISAIAH 28:25-27 FIG Ficus carica PROVERBS 27:18 FLAX Linum usitatissimum JOSHUA 2:6, PROVERBS 31:3 GARLIC Allium sativum NUMBERS 11:5 GERMANDER Teucrium chamaedrys Legend of St. Germaine HOPS Humulus lupulus Traditional monastery garden HOREHOUND Marribium vulgare EXODUS 12:8, JEREMIAH 9:15-16 HORSERADISH Armoracia rusticana Root used for traditional Passover HYSSOP Hyssopus officinalis PSALM 51:7, JOHN 19:29 JACOB'S LADDER Polemonium caeruleum GENESIS 28:12 JOB'S TEARS Coix lacryma-jobi JOB 16:16 LAVENDER Lavandula angustifolia LUKE 1:28-38 Traditional Mary's Herb LEMON GRASS Cymbopogon citratus JEREMIAH 6:20 Sweet Cane MALLOW Malva sylvestris JOB 30:4 (King James Version) MARIGOLD Tagetes LUKE 1:28-38
    [Show full text]