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The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20%
The Slugs of Britain and Ireland: Undetected and Undescribed Species Increase a Well-Studied, Economically Important Fauna by More Than 20% Ben Rowson1*, Roy Anderson2, James A. Turner1, William O. C. Symondson3 1 National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, 2 Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, 3 Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom Abstract The slugs of Britain and Ireland form a well-studied fauna of economic importance. They include many widespread European species that are introduced elsewhere (at least half of the 36 currently recorded British species are established in North America, for example). To test the contention that the British and Irish fauna consists of 36 species, and to verify the identity of each, a species delimitation study was conducted based on a geographically wide survey. Comparisons between mitochondrial DNA (COI, 16S), nuclear DNA (ITS-1) and morphology were investigated with reference to interspecific hybridisation. Species delimitation of the fauna produced a primary species hypothesis of 47 putative species. This was refined to a secondary species hypothesis of 44 species by integration with morphological and other data. Thirty six of these correspond to the known fauna (two species in Arion subgenus Carinarion were scarcely distinct and Arion (Mesarion) subfuscus consisted of two near-cryptic species). However, by the same criteria a further eight previously undetected species (22% of the fauna) are established in Britain and/or Ireland. Although overlooked, none are strictly morphologically cryptic, and some appear previously undescribed. Most of the additional species are probably accidentally introduced, and several are already widespread in Britain and Ireland (and thus perhaps elsewhere). -
Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea
Zootaxa 3721 (2): 157–171 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.2.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71B4B001-FB10-4B99-ACF9-720131457534 The fossil pulmonate snails of Sandelzhausen (Early/Middle Miocene, Germany): Succineidae, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea RODRIGO BRINCALEPE SALVADOR Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart (Stuttgart, Germany). Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (Tübingen, Germany). E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Sandelzhausen is an Early/Middle Miocene (Mammal Neogene zone MN5) fossil site near Mainburg, S Germany, and despite its small size it harbors a rich fossil record. Hundreds of fossil continental mollusks, almost exclusively pulmo- nates snails, were recovered during the excavations, but never received due attention by researchers. Here, the second part of a formal taxonomical treatment of the fossil pulmonates from Sandelzhausen is presented, dealing with the superfam- ilies Succineoidea, Testacelloidea and Helicoidea, and including the description of a new hygromiid species. The follow- ing species were found in the material: Succinea minima (Succineidae); Palaeoglandina sp. (Spiraxidae); Testacella zellii (Testacellidae); Klikia cf. coarctata (Elonidae); Cepaea cf. eversa, Cepaea cf. sylvestrina and Tropidomphalus cf. incras- satus (Helicidae); ?Helicodonta sp. and Helicodontidae indet. (Helicodontidae); Leucochroopsis kleinii and Urticicola perchtae sp. nov. (Hygromiidae). Key words: Gastropoda, MN5 European Mammal Neogene zone, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Urticicola perchtae new species Introduction The Sandelzhausen fossil site is one of the most important continental sites in Europe (Moser et al. 2009a) and its bounty include hundreds of specimens of gastropods. -
Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) Snails: Histology and Observations
Vita Malacologica 13: 35-48 20 December 2015 Predatory Poiretia (Stylommatophora, Oleacinidae) snails: histology and observations Renate A. HELWERDA Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands email: [email protected] Key words: Predation, predatory snails, drilling holes, radula, pedal gland, sole gland, acidic mucus ABSTRACT The Mediterranean species occur in rather dry, often rocky habitats, which are openly to sparsely vegetated. The predatory behaviour of Poiretia snails is studied. One However, they also occur in anthropogenically affected areas aspect of this behaviour is the ability to make holes in the such as gardens and parks (Kittel, 1997). The snails are main - shells of prey snails. The radula and the histology of the ly active at night and are hidden away under rocks and leaf mucous glands support the assumption that Poiretia secretes litter during the day, although they can also be found crawling acidic mucus to produce these holes. Observation of a around during daytime if the weather is rainy or cloudy and Poiretia compressa (Mousson, 1859) specimen yielded the moist (Wagner, 1952; Maassen, 1977; Kittel, 1997). During insight that its activities relied on the availability of moisture the hot summer months, Poiretia snails aestivate by burying and not on light conditions. It preyed on a wide range of snail themselves in soil or under rocks and sealing their apertures species, but only produced holes in shells when the aperture with an epiphragm (Kittel, 1997). was blocked. It usually stabbed its prey with a quick motion Poiretia snails prey on a wide variety of pulmonate snails. -
Fauna of New Zealand Ko Te Aitanga Pepeke O Aotearoa
aua o ew eaa Ko te Aiaga eeke o Aoeaoa IEEAE SYSEMAICS AISOY GOU EESEAIES O ACAE ESEAC ema acae eseac ico Agicuue & Sciece Cee P O o 9 ico ew eaa K Cosy a M-C aiièe acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa EESEAIE O UIESIIES M Emeso eame o Eomoogy & Aima Ecoogy PO o ico Uiesiy ew eaa EESEAIE O MUSEUMS M ama aua Eiome eame Museum o ew eaa e aa ogaewa O o 7 Weigo ew eaa EESEAIE O OESEAS ISIUIOS awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy GO o 17 Caea Ciy AC 1 Ausaia SEIES EIO AUA O EW EAA M C ua (ecease ue 199 acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 38 Naturalised terrestrial Stylommatophora (Mousca Gasooa Gay M ake acae eseac iae ag 317 amio ew eaa 4 Maaaki Whenua Ρ Ε S S ico Caeuy ew eaa 1999 Coyig © acae eseac ew eaa 1999 o a o is wok coee y coyig may e eouce o coie i ay om o y ay meas (gaic eecoic o mecaica icuig oocoyig ecoig aig iomaio eiea sysems o oewise wiou e wie emissio o e uise Caaoguig i uicaio AKE G Μ (Gay Micae 195— auase eesia Syommaooa (Mousca Gasooa / G Μ ake — ico Caeuy Maaaki Weua ess 1999 (aua o ew eaa ISS 111-533 ; o 3 IS -7-93-5 I ie 11 Seies UC 593(931 eae o uIicaio y e seies eio (a comee y eo Cosy usig comue-ase e ocessig ayou scaig a iig a acae eseac M Ae eseac Cee iae ag 917 Aucka ew eaa Māoi summay e y aco uaau Cosuas Weigo uise y Maaaki Weua ess acae eseac O o ico Caeuy Wesie //wwwmwessco/ ie y G i Weigo o coe eoceas eicuaum (ue a eigo oaa (owe (IIusao G M ake oucio o e coou Iaes was ue y e ew eaIa oey oa ue oeies eseac -
Rinaldi XP 203-206
Bollettino Malacologico, Roma, 39 (9-12): 203-206, [2003] 2004 - Società Italiana di Malacologia New records of Testacella (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Testacellidae) from Abruzzo and Sardinia, Italy Andrea C. Rinaldi KEYWORDS: terrestrial molluscs, slugs, distribution, conservation, Abruzzo, Sardinia. ABSTRACT Testacella (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) is the only genus of the family Testacellidae, a small group of slugs characterised by a reduced, auriform shell situated at the posterior end of the body. In Italy, three species are present. Due in part to their largely subterranean lifestyle, records of these molluscs are relatively rare, and modern (post 1950) data on their local occurrence and distribution are limited to only few regions. We here report the recent finding of Testacella scutulum in Abruzzo and T. gestroi in south-eastern Sardinia, respectively. This is the first record of Testacella from Abruzzo, whereas T. gestroi was found in an area adjacent to the type locality for the species, described in 1873, confirming the survival to date of this population. In consideration of the value of Testacella from a biogeographical point of view, and of the scanty information currently available on the size and distribution of populations and on their conservation status, further research on these molluscs is auspicable. RIASSUNTO Testacella (gastropoda, pulmonata, stylommatophora), unico genere della famiglia Testacellidae, comprende poche specie di molluschi terrestri limaciformi, carnivori (in genere si nutrono di lombrichi ma occasionalmente anche altri molluschi terrestri), che presentano una piccola conchiglia auriculiforme, esterna, situata nella parte finale del corpo. In italia vivono solo tre specie ma, in parte a causa dello stile di vita sotterraneo, le segnalazioni relative a questi molluschi sono estremamente rare, tanto che dati ‘moderni’ (post 1950) relativi alla loro presenza e distribuzione sono limitati a poche regioni. -
In Vitro Production and Biocontrol Potential of Nematodes Associated with Molluscs
In vitro production and biocontrol potential of nematodes associated with molluscs by Annika Pieterse Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Nematology in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Co-supervisor: Professor Antoinette Paula Malan Co-supervisor: Doctor Jenna Louise Ross March 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. This dissertation includes one original paper published in a peer-reviewed journal. The development and writing of the paper was the principal responsibility of myself and, for each of the cases where this is not the case, a declaration is included in the dissertation indicating the nature and extent of the contributions of co-authors. March 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved II Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my two supervisors, Prof Antoinette Malan and Dr Jenna Ross. This thesis would not have been possible without their help, patience and expertise. I am grateful for the opportunity to have been part of this novel work in South Africa. I would like to thank Prof. Des Conlong for welcoming me at SASRI in KwaZulu-Natal and organizing slug collections with local growers, as well as Sheila Storey for helping me transport the slugs from KZN. -
Figure S1. Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Tree of The
100 Cochlicopa 55 Vallonia 92 Pupilloidei Buliminus [= Orthurethra] Chondrina Arion 100 Arionoidei 66 Meghimatium Vitrina 100 Oxychilus Limacoidei 82 100 Euconulus Cryptozona Albinaria Clausilioidei Corilla [Corillidae] Plectopyloidea 70 Rhytida [Rhytididae] Helicina 53 Dorcasia [Dorcasiidae] [‘non-achatinoid clade’] Caryodes [Caryodidae] Rhytidoidei Megalobulimus Testacella Testacelloidea Drymaeus 94 Orthalicoidei Gaeotis 82 93 Satsuma Stylommatophora 100 Bradybaena Helicoidei Monadenia 87 93 84 Trochulus Haplotrema Haplotrematoidea 93 Euglandina Oleacinoidea Coeliaxis 92 Thyrophorella Achatina 92 Achatinina 100 Glessula Achatinoidea [‘achatinoid clade’] 100 Subulina Ferussacia 76 Gonaxis Streptaxoidea 100 Guestieria Systrophia Scolodontoidea Scolodontina Laevicaaulis Laemodonta ‘non-stylommatophoran Carychium pulmonates’ Siphonaria 1% 0.01 Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Stylommatophora based on concatenated sequences of 5782 unambiguously aligned nucleotides from the combined dataset of the LSU (and 5.8S) gene, the SSU gene, the H3 gene and the 1st and 2nd codon positions of the CO1 gene. The optimal model GTR+G was used. The phylogeny is rooted on the siphonariid Siphonaria pectinata. Values on the nodes represent bootstrap support (1000 replicates). Bootstrap support values less than 50% are not shown. The scale bar represents 1 substitutional change per 100 nucleotide positions. 1 91 Satsuma 100 Bradybaena Trochulus 97 Helicoidei 68 Monadenia 87 Haplotrema Haplotrematoidea Euglandina Oleacinoidea 100 Vallonia -
(Gastropoda) En El Registro Fósil De Cuba Systematics of Heterobranchia
Ciencias de la Tierra y el Espacio, enero-junio, 2016, Vol.17, No.1, pp.112-122, ISSN 1729-3790 Sistemática de Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) en el registro fósil de Cuba Anabel Oliva-Martín (1) (1) Instituto de Geología y Paleontología / Servicio Geológico de Cuba, Cuba; [email protected] Recibido: septiembre 2, 2015 Aceptado: diciembre 20, 2015 Resumen Heterobranchia (subclase perteneciente a la clase Gastropoda) incluye a los únicos moluscos capaces de vivir en tierra firme. En esta revisión fue actualizada la sistemática y la clasificación de las especies de heterobranquios del registro fósil de Cuba, mediante la consulta de bibliografía especializada. La taxonomía fue verificada a todos los niveles y las especies registradas fueron organizadas evolutivamente de acuerdo a la sistemática actual. Esta actualización permitió obtener un conteo de 58 especies, agrupadas en 4 subgéneros, 31 géneros, 9 subfamilias, 20 familias, 17 superfamilias, 4 subórdenes y 3 órdenes; con 16 especies clasificadas cuya distribución se extiende desde el periodo Jurásico al Paleógeno y 30 distribuidas principalmente del Neógeno al Cuaternario. Aún sin identificar existe un grupo de fósiles de moluscos terrestres. Cuatro especies fueron ubicadas taxonómicamente como corresponde, pero no se encontraron referencias acerca de su nomenclatura. Este trabajo representa la introducción de los paleogasterópodos en la sistemática y la clasificación de los moluscos de Cuba en general. Palabras clave: Cuba, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Paleontología, sistemática Systematics of Heterobranchia (Gastropoda) in the Cuban fossil record Abstract Heterobranchia (Gastropoda, subclass) includes the only mollusks capable of living on land. The current investigation is focused on updating the systematics and the classification of the Heterobranchia species included into the Cuban Fossil Record through the consultation of specialized literature. -
New Taxa of Land Snails from French Guiana
New taxa of land snails from French Guiana Olivier GARGOMINY Service du Patrimoine naturel, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 41, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Igor V. MURATOV KwaZulu-Natal Museum, P. Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg 3200 (South Africa) School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, 3206 (South Africa) [email protected] Gargominy O. & Muratov I. V. 2012. — New taxa of land snails from French Guiana. Zoosys tema 34 (4): 783-792. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2012n4a7 ABSTRACT Three new species and a new genus of terrestrial gastropods are described from the Réserve naturelle des Nouragues in French Guiana. Cyclopedus anselini n. gen., n. sp. (forming new monotypical genus in the family Neocyclotidae Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897) seems to be the smallest known cyclophoroid in the western hemisphere. The descriptions of the other two new species, KEYWORDS Pseudosubulina theoripkeni n. sp. and P. nouraguensis n. sp., from the family South America, Spiraxidae Baker, 1939, extend not only our knowledge of the geographical Neocyclotidae, distribution of Pseudosubulina Strebel & Pfeffer, 1882 (previously known with Spiraxidae, new genus, certainty from Mexico only) but also the diagnosis of this genus, which now new species. includes species with large penial stimulator and apertural dentition. RÉSUMÉ Nouveaux taxons d’escargots terrestres de Guyane française. Trois nouvelles espèces et un nouveau genre de gastéropodes terrestres sont décrits de la Réserve naturelle des Nouragues, en Guyane française. Cyclopedus anselini n. gen., n. sp., pour lequel le nouveau genre monotypique Cyclopedus n. gen. est établi, semble être le plus petit cyclophoroïde connu de l’hémisphère occidental. -
Slugs: a Guide to the Invasive and Native Fauna of California ANR Publication 8336 2
University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Publication 8336 • January 2009 SLUGA Guide to the InvasiveS and Native Fauna of California RORY J. MC DONNELL, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside; TimOTHY D. PAINE, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside; and MICHAEL J. GOrmALLY, Applied Ecology Unit, Centre for Environmental Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Introduction Slugs have long been regarded worldwide as severe pests of agricultural and horticultural production, attacking a vast array of crops (reviewed by South [1992] and Godan [1983]). Species such as Deroceras reticulatum (Müller1), Arion hortensis d’Audebard de Férussac, and Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay) are among the most pestiferous (South 1992) and have increased their ranges as humans have continued their colonization of the planet. Slugs have also been implicated in the transmission of many plant pathogens, such as Alternaria brassicicola Schw., the causal agent of brassica dark leaf spot (Hasan and Vago 1966). In addition, they have been implicated as vectors of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen), which can cause the potentially lethal eosinophilic meningo-encephalitis in humans (Aguiar, Morera, and Pascual 1981; Lindo et al. 2004) and Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera and Céspedes, which causes abdominal angiostrongyliasis (South 1992). Recent evidence also indicates that slugs vector Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli (Migula), which cause food poisoning and may have been partially responsible for recent, highly publicized massive recalls of contaminated spinach and other salad crops grown in California (Raloff 2007, Sproston et al. 2006). 1Slug taxonomy follows Anderson (2005) throughout. Slugs: A Guide to the Invasive and Native Fauna of California ANR Publication 8336 2 In California, slugs and humans have had a long of Natural Sciences, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway, history. -
Llista Actualitzada Dels Mol·Luscos Continentals De Catalunya
Spira 2003 Vol. 1 Nº 3 Pàg. 1-29 Llista actualitzada dels mol·luscos continentals de Catalunya # MANUEL VILELLA TEJEDO ; ANTONI TARRUELLA RUESTES*; ‡ ¥ JORDI CORBELLA ALONSO ; LLUÍS PRATS PI ; § ‡ DAVID M. ALBA ; GLÒRIA GUILLÉN MESTRE ; ¶ JOSEP QUINTANA CARDONA #Ciències 57, 1er 3a, 08032 Barcelona *Grassot 26, 1er 2a, 08025 Barcelona. E-mail: [email protected] ‡Sant Antoni Mª Claret 116, 2on 3a, 08025 Barcelona. E-mail: [email protected] ¥Villarroel 46, 1er 1a, 08011 Barcelona. E-mail: [email protected] §PALAEOTHERIA, S.C.P. Provençals 5, 2on 1a, 08019 Barcelona. E-mail: [email protected] ¶Gustau Mas 79, 1er, 07760 Ciutadella de Menorca (Illes Balears) Resum.—Llista actualitzada dels mol·luscos continentals de Catalunya. En aquest article es presenta una llista taxonòmica actualitzada de les espècies i subspècies de mol·luscos continentals (terrestres i d’aigua dolça) de Catalunya: en total, 249 espècies de gastròpodes (273 comptant les subspècies) i 19 espècies de bivalves (24 comptant les subspècies). La sistemàtica a nivell supraspecífic s’ha basat principalment en el CLECOM i revisions ulteriors. S’assenyalen els tàxons endèmics, així com aquells que han estat introduïts i naturalitzats. Paraules clau.— Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Continental, Catalunya, Endemisme, Malacologia. Resumen.—Lista actualizada de los moluscos continentales de Cataluña. En este artículo se presenta una lista taxonómica actualizada de las especies y subespecies de moluscos continentales (terrestres y de agua dulce) de Cataluña: en total, 249 especies de gasterópodos (273 contando las subespecies) y 19 especies de bivalvos (24 contando las subespecies). La sistemática a nivel supraespecífico se basa principalmente en el CLECOM y revisiones ulteriores. -
The Carnivorous Shelled Slug Family Testacellidae in Essex SIMON TAYLOR Fiddlesticks, 44 Strawberry Lane, Tolleshunt Knights, Essex CO5 0RX [email protected]
The carnivorous shelled slug family Testacellidae in Essex SIMON TAYLOR Fiddlesticks, 44 Strawberry Lane, Tolleshunt Knights, Essex CO5 0RX [email protected] Introduction The family Testacellidae Cuvier, 1800 is a very characteristic yet relatively rarely encountered family of slugs, with a rather unusual biology. The slug form, that of a land snail which has lost the shell, has evolved independently several times amongst the terrestrial gastropods, the principal benefit of which is considered to be the resultant ability to access very restricted spaces. In the Testacellidae a rather flat, vestigial external shell remains covering the mantle which, again somewhat unusually against the conventional slug body plan, is found at the hind end of the animal. The body, up to 120mm long when fully extended, varies in colour from white to shades of grey, orange and brown, with two prominent dorsal groves running the length of the body, converging in the vicinity of the shell. The foot colour can be pale cream through yellow/ orange to salmon pink. There are four head tentacles. Most terrestrial gastropods are herbivorous or detritivores but the Testacellidae are carnivorous, thought to prey mostly on earthworms and other molluscs (Quick 1960), the usual rasping radular teeth having evolved to become long and sharp. The feeding behaviour was particularly well described and figured by Essex Field Club Member Wilfred Mark Webb in 1893, based on specimens found in Buckhurst Hill by Mr H.C. Snell and published in the Essex Naturalist (Cole 1893). Consequent to their feeding habits, the slugs often inhabit gardens and allotments where a plentiful food supply exists, although they are rarely seen as they are primarily nocturnal, subterranean creatures and, like many predators of large prey items, short bursts of activity are followed by long periods of rest, particularly if conditions are cold or dry (Kerney & Cameron 1979).