PUNJAB Main Highlights
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INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (MINISTRY OF EARTH SCIENCES) SOUTHWEST MONSOON- 2020 END OF SEASON REPORT For the State of PUNJAB Main Highlights th Monsoon advanced some northern parts of Punjab on 24 June, and covered entire state on 26th June 2020. Earliest onset so far in Punjab is 13th June 2008 and latest is 27th July 1987. Punjab State received 387.6 mm of rainfall (June-September) against its average of 467.3 during monsoon 2020 with deviation of -17 % making it consecutive normal monsoon year. Monsoon 2020, forecast for Northwest India was overestimated, forecast for Northwest India was 107 ± 8%, whereas realized rainfall was 84% of LPA. Rainfall in Punjab was normal in year 2020 making it 3rd Consecutive year with normal monsoon in last decade (since 2011). For last decade normal rainfall was recorded in year 2013 and 2019 also. Lowest rainfall in Punjab since 1901 was in year 1987 with overall deficit of 67.6%. Rainfall in the month of June, July, August & September was 91%, 105%, 84% and 28% respectively. Out of 22 districts for which rainfall was reported in Punjab during monsoon 2020, 11 district received normal rainfall, 1 district received excess ,1 district large excess wherein rainfall in 8 district were deficient and 1 large deficient. District Hoshiarpur observed least rainfall (-61 %) while district Faridkot received highest rainfall (+75%). Monsoon rainfall (June – September) was above normal 109% of LPA for country as a whole and 84% of LPA for NW India. Monsoon withdrew from Punjab on 30th September 2020. ONSET AND ADVANCE OF MONSOON 2020 IN PUNJAB Monsoon advanced northern parts of Punjab on24th June, and covered entire state on 26thJune 2020.Earliest onset so far in Punjab is 13th June 2008 and latest is 27th July 1987. Monsoon advanced over Kerala coast on 1st June coinciding with its normal date of arrival thereafter it followed normal pattern of advancement with only slight stagnation during 15th to 22nd June. Advancement of monsoon in Punjab is shown in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Advance of Southwest Monsoon 2020 RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION IN PUNJAB Punjab State received 387.6 mm of rainfall against its average of 467.3 mm with deviation of (-17 %) during monsoon 2020 which were with normal range as per IMD classification. Daily time series of rainfall from (June to September) during monsoon 2020 in Punjab along with departure is shown in Figure 2. As see in the figure there was large positive departure of rainfall in initial 2 weeks of June which moderated thereafter. Cumulative rainfall followed normal curve till ending August thereafter due to deficit rainfall in the month of September overall deficit of 17 % was created DAILY CUMULATIVE MONSOON RAINFALL PUNJAB 2020 500 2500 ACTUAL 400 2000 NORMAL 300 1500 DEPARTURES 200 1000 Departure % Departure 100 500 Rainfall Actual (cm) Actual Normal & Rainfall 0 0 -100 -500 22.07.2020 03.08.2020 15.08.2020 27.08.2020 08.09.2020 20.09.2020 01.06.2020 04.06.2020 07.06.2020 10.06.2020 13.06.2020 16.06.2020 19.06.2020 22.06.2020 25.06.2020 28.06.2020 01.07.2020 04.07.2020 07.07.2020 10.07.2020 13.07.2020 16.07.2020 19.07.2020 25.07.2020 28.07.2020 31.07.2020 06.08.2020 09.08.2020 12.08.2020 18.08.2020 21.08.2020 24.08.2020 30.08.2020 02.09.2020 05.09.2020 11.09.2020 14.09.2020 17.09.2020 23.09.2020 26.09.2020 29.09.2020 Date Figure 2: Daily cumulative Monsoon rainfall Punjab 2020 WEEKLY % DEPARTURE OF RAINFALL (PUNJAB) Weekly cumulative departure of Rainfall is shown in Fig 2. As evident from the Figure 3 there were very large positive departure of rainfall for 1st&2ndweek and large positive departure in 7th, 8th, 13th and 14th week of the monsoon season and for rest period there were negative departures were seen. WEEKLY % DEPARTURE RAINFALL MONSOON 2020 PUNJAB 600 492 500 DEPARTURES 400 300 218 200 100 48 46 38 24 0 -8 -23 -22 -100 -37 -34 -38 -40 % Departure from Normal from % Departure -85 -77 -99 -99 -98 -200 Week Ending Date Figure 3: Weekly Rainfall % Departure DISTRICT WISE RAINFALL STATUS Out of 22 districts for which rainfall was reported in Punjab during monsoon 2020, 11 district received normal rainfall, 1 district received excess ,1 district large excess whereas rainfall in 8 district were deficient and 1 large deficient. District Hoshiarpur observed least rainfall (-61 %) followed by Mansa (- 55%) and Tarn Taran (-47%) while district Faridkot received highest rainfall (+75%) followed by Muktsar (+34%) and Sangrur (+11%). Percentage departure of district wise rainfall Punjab from normal for the monsoon 2020 is shown in Figure 4 below Figure 4: District wise % Departure in Rainfall for Punjab state during Monsoon 2020. MONSOON 2020 RAINFALL Actual Rainfall Long Period Region % Of LPA (mm) Average (mm) All India 987.6 880.6 109% NW India 505.7 599.5 84% Punjab 387.6 467.3 83% MONTHLY RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION Monthly rainfall distribution for the month of June, July, August and September and for first & second half of monsoon 2020 for Punjabis shown below. Table 1 Months Actual (mm) Normal (mm) % of LPA June 46.1 50.4 91 July 185.2 176.2 105 August 134.1 160.0 84 September 22.2 80.7 28 June – July (1st Half) 231.3 226.6 102 August – September(2nd Half) 156.3 240.7 65 Monsoon Rainfall trend since 1901-2020 Departure of Monsoon rainfall since 1901 for Punjab is shown in Figure 5, a peculiar feature of the last decade (2011-2020) is that it has been the longest period with negative departure since 1901 even though monsoon rainfall during the last 3 years has been in normal category. Overall last 2 decades has seen more frequency of negative departures and deficit year as well. % Departure of Monsoon rainfall(June to September) for Punjab state 1901-2020 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 % Departure 1904 1949 1988 1901 1907 1910 1913 1916 1919 1922 1925 1928 1931 1934 1937 1940 1943 1946 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 -50.00 -100.00 Year Figure 5: % Departure of Monsoon rainfall since 1901 for Punjab. District wise excess, large excess, deficient, large deficient and normal rainfall for month of June, July, August and September, first half & for second half of Monsoon 2020 in Punjab is shown in the following table Table 2 L.EXCESS L NO MONTHS EXCESS NORMAL DEFICIENT DEFICIENT RAIN June 5 1 4 11 1 0 July 4 1 10 6 1 0 August 1 3 6 11 1 0 September 1 0 2 3 15 1 June-July (1st Half) 3 4 8 7 0 0 August-September (2nd 1 0 7 9 5 0 half) Season 1 1 11 8 1 0 JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER FIRST SECOND HALF HALF MAIN FEATURES OF MONTHLY RAINFALL DURING MONSOON 2020 (PUNJAB) JUNE In June 2020 Punjab state received 46.1 mm of rainfall against 50.4 mm long period average which is 9% less than LPA. Highest rainfall in Punjab during last 120(1901–2020) was203.3 mm recorded in 2008 which was 488.7 % of LPA followed by year 1996 and 1986 with rainfall of 158.0 mm and 151.1 mm respectively. The rainfall during June 2020 was deficient in the state with almost all districts reporting less rainfall than LPA. District Mohali, Nawanshahar, Gurdaspur, Moga, Kapurthala and Fatehgarh sahib showed positive departures. Couple of spells of heavy to very heavy rainfall in the state was observed in this month. July State received 185.2 mm of rainfall in July 2020 against its normal rainfall of 176.2 mm which is 5% more than LPA. Highest rainfall received in Punjab during July month during (1901–2020) was in year 1988 when state received 455.1 mm of rainfall against its normal rainfall of 190.5 mm which is 122% of LPA followed by 1980 and 1993 when state received 443.8 mm and 413.9 mm of rainfall respectively. Lowest rainfall in July during (1901-2020) was in 1911 when state received 25.0 mm of rainfall against 158.4 mm with deficit of 84.2% followed by year 1987 and 1964 when rainfall was 31.8 mm and 35.4 mm respectively. The rainfall during July 2020 was near normal in Punjab with couple of spells of heavy to very heavy rainfall in the state. August Punjab received 134.1 mm of rainfall against its normal of 160.0 mm and was 16% less than LPA. Highest rainfall in Punjab during (1901–2020) was in 1908 when state received 402.7 mm of rainfall against its normal of 152.9 mm with overall excess of 163% followed by year 1976 and 1933 when rainfall was 357.0 mm and 325.9 mm respectively. State experienced couple of heavy (7-11cm) to very heavy rainfall (12 - 20cm) in August 2020 as shown in Tables given below. September State received 22.2 mm of rainfall against it normal of 80.7 mm and was 72% less than of LPA. During the last decade rainfall was highest in the year 2018 followed by year 2014 and 2012 wherein state received 205%, 131% and 82% respectively. State experienced couple of spells of heavy rainfall (more than 7 cm) during first week of September.