DOCSLIB.ORG

Toleration in Denmark ...7

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES Conceptions of Tolerance and Intolerance in Denmark: From Liberality to Liberal Intolerance? Tore Vincents Olsen Lasse Lindekilde Aarhus University 2012/19 5. New Knowledge Country Synthesis Reports EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES Conceptions of Tolerance and Intolerance in Denmark: From Liberality to Liberal Intolerance? Edited by TORE VINCENTS OLSEN LASSE LINDEKILDE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT AARHUS UNIVERSITY Work Package 5 – New Knowledge on Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe D5.1 Country Synthesis Reports on Tolerance and Cultural diversity - Concepts and Practices © Tore Vincents Olsen & Lasse Lindekilde 2012 This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the research project, the year and the publisher. Published by the European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Via dei Roccettini 9 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole - Italy ACCEPT PLURALISM Research Project, Tolerance, Pluralism and Social Cohesion: Responding to the Challenges of the 21st Century in Europe European Commission, DG Research Seventh Framework Programme Social Sciences and Humanities grant agreement no. 243837 www.accept-pluralism.eu www.eui.eu/RSCAS/ Available from the EUI institutional repository CADMUS cadmus.eui.eu Tolerance, Pluralism and Social Cohesion: Responding to the Challenges of the 21st Century in Europe (ACCEPT PLURALISM) ACCEPT PLURALISM is a Research Project, funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Program. The project investigates whether European societies have become more or less tolerant during the past 20 years. In particular, the project aims to clarify: (a) how is tolerance defined conceptually, (b) how it is codified in norms, institutional arrangements, public policies and social practices, (c) how tolerance can be measured (whose tolerance, who is tolerated, and what if degrees of tolerance vary with reference to different minority groups). The ACCEPT PLURALISM consortium conducts original empirical research on key issues in school life and in politics that thematise different understandings and practices of tolerance. Bringing together empirical and theoretical findings, ACCEPT PLURALISM generates a State of the Art Report on Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe, a Handbook on Ideas of Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe, a Tolerance Indicators’ Toolkit where qualitative and quantitative indicators may be used to score each country’s performance on tolerating cultural diversity, and several academic publications (books, journal articles) on Tolerance, Pluralism and Cultural Diversity in Europe. The ACCEPT PLULARISM consortium is formed by 18 partner institutions covering 15 EU countries. The project is hosted by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and co-ordinated by Prof. Anna Triandafyllidou. The EUI, the RSCAS and the European Commission are not responsible for the opinion expressed by the author(s). The Department of Political Science and Government, Aarhus University, Denmark was founded in 1959 and it is the oldest of its kind in Denmark. It delivers research and education of the highest standards within all of the primary fields of political science: comparative politics, international relations, public administration, public policy, sociology, political research methods as well as political theory. Tore Vincents Olsen is associate professor in the Department of Political Science and Goverment at Aarhus University Lasse Lindekilde is associate professor in the Department of Political Science and Goverment at Aarhus University Contact details: Assoc. Prof. Tore Vincents Olsen, Department of Political Science and Government, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 7, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Email: [email protected] | Phone +45 8942 1337 | Web: http://person.au.dk/en/[email protected] Assoc. Prof. Lasse Lindekilde Department of Political Science and Government, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 7,DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Email: [email protected] | Phone +45 8942 65631 | Web: http://person.au.dk/en/[email protected] For more information on the Socio Economic Sciences and Humanities Programme in FP7 see: http://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/index_en.htm http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/cooperation/socio-economic_en.html Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 4 Keywords ................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION: TOLERATION IN DENMARK ................................................................ 7 CHAPTER 1. TOLERANCE AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY DISCOURSES IN DENMARK ................................................................................................................................ 9 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 9 1.2. NATIONAL IDENTITY AND STATE FORMATION ................................................... 11 1.2.1. State formation ........................................................................................................................ 11 1.2.2. Citizenship in Denmark ........................................................................................................... 13 1.2.3. Denmark and Europe ............................................................................................................... 14 1.3. CULTURAL DIVERSITY CHALLENGES .................................................................... 14 1.3.1. Immigration history of Denmark ............................................................................................. 15 1.3.2. Toleration of differences ......................................................................................................... 19 1.3.2.1. The Greenlandic minority in Denmark................................................................................. 19 1.3.2.2. The German national minority in Southern Jutland ............................................................. 20 1.3.2.4. Roma .................................................................................................................................... 22 1.3.2.3. Jews ...................................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.2.4. Muslims ................................................................................................................................ 24 1.4. DEFINITIONS OF TOLERATION AND RESPECT IN DENMARK ........................... 28 1.4.1. Acceptance and integration in Denmark ................................................................................. 29 1.4.1.1. The values of the Danish integration regime ........................................................................ 29 1.4.1.2. Policies and institutional arrangements ................................................................................ 30 1.4.1.3. Acceptance and accommodation as a social practice ........................................................... 32 1.5. CONCLUDING REMARKS ............................................................................................ 33 CHAPTER 2. (IN)TOLERANCE AND ACCOMMEDATION OF DIFFERENCE IN DANISH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS ..................................................................... 35 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 35 2.2. Toleration, Recognition And Integration .......................................................................... 43 2.3. Case 1: The Accommodation of Ethno-Religious Diversity within the Public School .... 44 1 Tore Vincents Olsen & Lasse Lindekilde 2.3.1. The Media Debate ................................................................................................................... 45 2.3.2. Integration Through Inclusion: Dialogue and Respect ............................................................ 50 2.3.3. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 53 2.4. Case 2: Free Schools – The Epitome of Danish Educational Tolerance? ......................... 54 2.4.1. The Free School Debate in The Danish Press ......................................................................... 55 2.4.2. Policy Changes ........................................................................................................................ 59 2.4.3. Policy Effects .......................................................................................................................... 61 2.4.5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 62 2.5. General Conclusions from the Two Case Studies ............................................................. 63 CHAPTER 3. NEGOTIATING LIMITS OF TOLERANCE IN PUBLIC DEBATES IN MUSLIM ACTORS ................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • University of Copenhagen Associate Professor in Political Science

    University of Copenhagen Associate Professor in Political Science

    Declining Danish EU skepticism Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina Published in: Euroflections. Leading academics on the European elections 2019 Publication date: 2019 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Kosiara-Pedersen, K. (2019). Declining Danish EU skepticism. In N. Bolin, K. Falasca, M. Grusell, & L. Nord (Eds.), Euroflections. Leading academics on the European elections 2019 (pp. 75). Mittuniversitetet. Download date: 25. sep.. 2021 Editors: Niklas Bolin Kajsa Falasca Marie Grusell Lars Nord Leading academics on the European elections 2019 1 DEMICOM-report nr 40 Read the electronic version of Euroflections at www.euroflections.se Editors Niklas Bolin Kajsa Falasca Marie Grusell Lars Nord Publisher Mittuniversitetet, Demicom, Sundsvall, Sverige Holmgatan 10 851 70 Sundsvall Contact 010-142 80 00 [email protected] www.facebook.com/mittuniversitetet www.twitter.com/mittuni www.instagram.com/mittuniversitetet Design and layout Accidens Kommunikation ISBN: 978-91-88527-70-7 This is Euroflections Euroflections is an academic report on the European elections 2019. With Euroflections we want to provide the public with interesting reflections on the election campaigns and their main actors, namely the voters, the parties and the media. In total, more than 70 experts in political science and political communication representing almost every EU country offer insightful analyses of campaign developments and electoral outcomes. Some contributions are one-country studies, while others are written from comparative or thematic perspectives. Euroflections is intended to fill a gap in European elections reporting and research. The report is not as fast as news media analyses and social media comments published immediately when the electoral outcome is known.
  • EUI RSCAS Working Paper 2020

    EUI RSCAS Working Paper 2020

    RSCAS 2020/88 Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Integrating Diversity in the European Union (InDivEU) The Politics of Differentiated Integration: What do Governments Want? Country Report - Denmark Viktor Emil Sand Madsen European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Integrating Diversity in the European Union (InDivEU) The Politics of Differentiated Integration: What do Governments Want? Country Report - Denmark Viktor Emil Sand Madsen EUI Working Paper RSCAS 2020/88 Terms of access and reuse for this work are governed by the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC- BY 4.0) International license. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the working paper series and number, the year and the publisher. ISSN 1028-3625 © Viktor Emil Sand Madsen, 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) International license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published in December 2020 by the European University Institute. Badia Fiesolana, via dei Roccettini 9 I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual author(s) and not those of the European University Institute. This publication is available in Open Access in Cadmus, the EUI Research Repository: https://cadmus.eui.eu Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, created in 1992 and currently directed by Professor Brigid Laffan, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research on the major issues facing the process of European integration, European societies and Europe’s place in 21st century global politics.
  • Political Participation of National Minorities in the Danish-German Border Region

    Political Participation of National Minorities in the Danish-German Border Region

    Political Participation of National Minorities in the Danish-German Border Region A series of studies on two hard-to-identify populations in a role-model-region Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) an der Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Fachbereich Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Adrian Schaefer-Rolffs Hamburg, den 06.06.2016 Erstgutachter : Prof. Dr. Kai-Uwe Schnapp Zweitgutachterin : Prof. Dr. Tove Hansen Malloy Tag der Disputation : 26.09.2016 “Always the hard way. Nothing was ever handed to me. Always the hard way. You taught me truth, you gave me strength. I learned everything the hard way” (Nicholas Jett and Scott C. Vogel) Contents Contents Contents ............................................................................................. V List of tables ............................................................................................ IX List of figures .......................................................................................... XI Abbreviations ....................................................................................... XIII Acknowledgements ................................................................................ XV Part I. Introductory part ..................................... 1 1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 3 1.1. Positioning and reflexivity .................................................................... 7 1.2. Relevant literature
  • University of Southern Denmark the 2017 Danish Regional Elections And

    University of Southern Denmark the 2017 Danish Regional Elections And

    University of Southern Denmark The 2017 Danish regional elections and the victorious parliamentary parties Kjaer, Ulrik Published in: Regional and Federal Studies DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2019.1689492 Publication date: 2020 Document version: Accepted manuscript Citation for pulished version (APA): Kjaer, U. (2020). The 2017 Danish regional elections and the victorious parliamentary parties. Regional and Federal Studies, 30(3), 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2019.1689492 Go to publication entry in University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal Terms of use This work is brought to you by the University of Southern Denmark. Unless otherwise specified it has been shared according to the terms for self-archiving. If no other license is stated, these terms apply: • You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to [email protected] Download date: 23. Sep. 2021 The 2017 Danish regional elections and the victorious parliamentary parties Ulrik Kjaer, Dept of Political Studies, University of Southern Denmark ([email protected]) Manuscript accepted for publication in Regional & Federal Studies (vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 461-473. DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2019.1689492) ABSTRACT Regional politics is not at the center of most Danes’ political attention, but at the 2017 regional elections more than seven in ten Danes showed up at the polls to vote in the five Danish regions.
  • Betænkning Forslag Til Lov Om Ændring Af Selskabsloven Og Lov Om Ændring Af Årsregnskabsloven, Lov Om Finansiel Virksomhed O

    Betænkning Forslag Til Lov Om Ændring Af Selskabsloven Og Lov Om Ændring Af Årsregnskabsloven, Lov Om Finansiel Virksomhed O

    Erhvervsudvalget 2009-10 L 102 Bilag 4 Offentligt Folketinget 2009-10 Til lovforslag nr. L 102 Betænkning afgivet af Erhvervsudvalget den 0. februar 2010 1. udkast Betænkning over Forslag til lov om ændring af selskabsloven og lov om ændring af årsregnskabsloven, lov om finansiel virksomhed og forskellige andre love (Ændring af bestemmelser om ikrafttræden) [af økonomi- og erhvervsministeren (Lene Espersen)] 1. Udvalgsarbejdet Lovforslaget blev fremsat den 13. januar 2010 og var til 1. behandling den 22. januar 2010. Lov- forslaget blev efter 1. behandling henvist til behandling i Erhvervsudvalget. Møder Udvalget har behandlet lovforslaget i <> møder. Høring Lovforslaget blev samtidig med fremsættelsen sendt i høring, og økonomi- og erhvervsministeren sendte den 14. januar 2010 høringsmaterialet til udvalget. Den 21. januar 2010 sendte økonomi- og erhvervsministeren de indkomne høringssvar samt et notat herom til udvalget. Spørgsmål Udvalget har stillet 8 spørgsmål til økonomi- og erhvervsministeren til skriftlig besvarelse, [som denne har besvaret]. 2. Indstillinger og politiske bemærkninger [] Liberal Alliance, Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Tjóðveldisflokkurin og Sambandsflokkurin var på tidspunktet for betænkningens afgivelse ikke repræsenteret med medlemmer i udvalget og havde dermed ikke adgang til at komme med indstillinger eller politiske udtalelser i betænkningen. En oversigt over Folketingets sammensætning er optrykt i betænkningen.[ Der gøres opmærksom på, at et flertal eller et mindretal i udvalget ikke altid vil afspejle et flertal/mindretal ved afstemning i Folketingssalen.] 2 Hans Christian Schmidt (V) fmd. Jacob Jensen (V) Jens Vibjerg (V) Lars Christian Lilleholt (V) Tina Nedergaard (V) Colette L. Brix (DF) nfmd. Pia Adelsteen (DF) Mike Legarth (KF) Henrik Rasmussen (KF) Orla Hav (S) Benny Engelbrecht (S) Henrik Dam Kristensen (S) Niels Sindal (S) Karsten Hønge (SF) Flemming Bonne (SF) Morten Østergaard (RV) Frank Aaen (EL) Liberal Alliance, Inuit Ataqatigiit, Siumut, Tjóðveldisflokkurin og Sambandsflokkurin havde ikke medlemmer i udvalget.
  • Challenger Party List

    Challenger Party List

    Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against
  • “Art Is in Our Heart”

    “Art Is in Our Heart”

    “ART IS IN OUR HEART”: TRANSNATIONAL COMPLEXITIES OF ART PROJECTS AND NEOLIBERAL GOVERNMENTALITY _____________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board _____________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________ By G.I Tinna Grétarsdóttir January, 2010 Examining Committee Members: Dr. Jay Ruby, Advisory Chair, Anthropology Dr. Raquel Romberg, Anthropology Dr. Paul Garrett, Anthropology Dr. Roderick Coover, External Member, Film and Media Arts, Temple University. i © Copyright 2010 by G.I Tinna Grétarsdóttir All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT “ART IS IN OUR HEART”: TRANSNATIONAL COMPLEXITIES OF ART PROJECTS AND NEOLIBERAL GOVERNMENTALITY By G.I Tinna Grétarsdóttir Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, January 2010 Doctoral Advisory Committee Chair: Dr. Jay Ruby In this dissertation I argue that art projects are sites of interconnected social spaces where the work of transnational practices, neoliberal politics and identity construction take place. At the same time, art projects are “nodal points” that provide entry and linkages between communities across the Atlantic. In this study, based on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in Canada and Iceland, I explore this argument by examining ethnic networking between Icelandic-Canadians and the Icelandic state, which adopted neoliberal economic policies between 1991 and 2008. The neoliberal restructuring in Iceland was manifested in the implementation of programs of privatization and deregulation. The tidal wave of free trade, market rationality and expansions across national borders required re-imagined, nationalized accounts of Icelandic identity and society and reconfigurations of the margins of the Icelandic state. Through programs and a range of technologies, discourses, and practices, the Icelandic state worked to create enterprising, empowered, and creative subjects appropriate to the neoliberal project.
  • A New Relationship Between Legislators and Political Parties?

    A New Relationship Between Legislators and Political Parties?

    Personalization of Representation: A New Relationship between Legislators and Political Parties? Marie Kaldahl Nielsen Personalization of Representation: A New Relationship between Legislators and Political Parties? PhD Dissertation Politica © Forlaget Politica and the author 2021 ISBN: 978-87-7335-276-2 Cover: Svend Siune Print: Fællestrykkeriet, Aarhus University Layout: Annette Bruun Andersen Submitted June 18, 2020 The public defense takes place May 7, 2021 Published April 2021 Forlaget Politica c/o Department of Political Science Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University Bartholins Allé 7 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Table of Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ 7 Preface ........................................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2. State-of-the-art: situating the project in a blooming research agenda ... 17 Three conceptual distinctions ............................................................................... 17 Literature review of political personalization ....................................................... 21 Institutional personalization ................................................................................ 23 Government institutions ....................................................................................... 23 Personalization
  • The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark

    The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark

    The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark GUIDE TO THE DANISH ELECTORAL SYSTEM 00 Contents 1 Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1. The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark ..................................................................................................4 1.1. Electoral Districts and Local Distribution of Seats ......................................................................................................4 1.2. The Electoral System Step by Step ..................................................................................................................................6 1.2.1. Step One: Allocating Constituency Seats ......................................................................................................................6 1.2.2. Step Two: Determining of Passing the Threshold .......................................................................................................7 1.2.3. Step Three: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Parties ...........................................................................................7 1.2.4. Step Four: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Provinces .........................................................................................8 1.2.5. Step Five: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Constituencies ...............................................................................8
  • Report on Political Participation of Mobile EU Citizens: Denmark RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-PP 2018/4 September 2018

    Report on Political Participation of Mobile EU Citizens: Denmark RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-PP 2018/4 September 2018

    COUNTRY REPORT 2018/04 REPORT ON SEPTEMBER POLITICAL 2018 PARTICIPATION OF MOBILE EU CITIZENS: DENMARK AUTHORED BY This report was funded by the Eu- ropean Union’s Rights, Equality and KASPER M. HANSEN Citizenship Programme (2014-2020) © Kasper M. Hansen, 2018 This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to [email protected]. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT) Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies in collaboration with Edinburgh University Law School Report on Political Participation of Mobile EU Citizens: Denmark RSCAS/GLOBALCIT-PP 2018/4 September 2018 © Kasper M. Hansen, 2018 Printed in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, created in 1992 and currently directed by Professor Brigid Laffan, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research on the major issues facing the process of European integration, European societies and Europe’s place in 21st century global politics. The Centre is home to a large post-doctoral programme and hosts major research programmes, projects and data sets, in addition to a range of working groups and ad hoc initiatives.
  • 2020 Denmark Country Report | SGI Sustainable Governance Indicators

    2020 Denmark Country Report | SGI Sustainable Governance Indicators

    Denmark Report Finn Laursen, Torben M. Andersen, Detlef Jahn (Coordinator) Sustainable Governance Indicators 2020 © vege - stock.adobe.com Sustainable Governance SGI Indicators SGI 2020 | 2 Denmark Report Executive Summary Democracy functions well, and governance is credible and transparent in Denmark. Public trust in government and public administration is high. Comparatively, Denmark is extraordinary for its relatively strong economic performance (e.g., as measured by per capita income), but also for its relatively equal distribution of income and low poverty rates. The Danish welfare state is extensive both in terms of service provision and the social safety net. Though this translates into a high tax share. Overall, Denmark has shown that it is possible to combine an extensive welfare state with a well- functioning economy. The economy has performed well in recent years with activity and employment close to capacity. The recent debate on labor shortages and overheating has faded, and current projections predict a steadying of development with moderate growth rates and unemployment close to its structural level. Key macroeconomic indicators are favorable and performing comparatively well. The labor market integration of immigrants and the provision of welfare services (e.g., education, social care and healthcare) remain crucial challenges, and the implications of more ambitious climate policies are widely discussed. In an attempt to strengthen the incentive structure, and boost labor supply and employment, previous governments have had strong reform agendas. These agendas aimed to overhaul the structure and design of the social safety net (e.g., pensions, early retirement, social assistance and disability pensions), labor market policies and the tax system.
  • Yearbook of Muslims in Europe the Titles Published in This Series Are Listed at Brill.Com/Yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 5

    Yearbook of Muslims in Europe the Titles Published in This Series Are Listed at Brill.Com/Yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 5

    Yearbook of Muslims in Europe The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 5 Editor-in-Chief Jørgen S. Nielsen Editors Samim Akgönül Ahmet Alibašić Egdūnas Račius LEIDEN • boSTON 2013 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1877-1432 ISBN 978-90-04-25456-5 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25586-9 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS The Editors ........................................................................................................ ix Editorial Advisers ...........................................................................................