Freshwater mollusk monitoring in the South Fork Kentucky River system
Final Report to Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources State and Tribal Wildlife Grants Program
Ryan Evans
Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission
August 2010
List of Tables
Table 1. Historical records of freshwater mussels from the South Fork Kentucky...... 23
Table 2. Freshwater mussels documented during this study - qualitative sampling ...... 24
Table 3. Summary statistics table - quantitative sampling ...... 25
Table 4. Species detected in quantitative sampling, with relative abundance values ...... 26
Table 5. Freshwater snails documented during this study...... 27
Table 6. Summary table of Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) scores...... 28
2 List of Figures
Figure 1. Overview map of South Fork Kentucky River watershed...... 29
Figure 2. Ecoregions of South Fork Kentucky River watershed...... 30
Figure 3. Landcover of South Fork Kentucky River watershed ...... 31
Figure 4. Map of sampling sites...... 32
Figure 5. Maps of species from qualitative sampling ...... 33
Figure 6. Mussel species richness by river mile ...... 55
Figure 7. Length-frequency histograms for selected species - qualitative sampling...... 56
Figure 8. Comparison of length-frequency histograms – qualitative vs quantitative sampling ...... 57
Figure 9. Comparison of Species Richness for the Redbird River - 1995 to present ...... 59
Figure 10. Mussel assemblages as identified by Cluster Analysis ...... 61
Figure 11. Map of mussel assemblages in South Fork Kentucky River watershed ...... 62
Figure 12. Species richness of freshwater snails of South Fork Kentucky River watershed ...... 63
3 List of Appendices
Appendix 1. List of sampling locations
Appendix 2. RBP sheet used in study
Appendix 3. Photos of sites from study
4 Abstract
The South Fork Kentucky River system is one of the higher quality watersheds remaining in the upper Kentucky River system. Previous freshwater mussel studies indicate many rare species to still be extant. This study was initiated to identify distributional patterns of freshwater mussels and snails, assess physical habitat quality, and examine potential issues relating to quality of mussel assemblages. 25 species of freshwater mussels were located in the study, including 5 state-listed (3 of which are undergoing federal candidate review). One new freshwater mussel basin record was obtained ( Toxolasma parvus ). Fourteen species of freshwater snails were found, none of which are state or federally- listed, but this did include 5 new South Fork Kentucky basin records and 2 new Kentucky River basin records. Recruitment appeared to be limited in headwater areas, excellent in intermediate stretches of the South Fork Kentucky above Booneville, and somewhat depressed in the lower reaches of the river. Statistical analysis indicated three assemblages in the basin organized primarily along a longitudinal gradient. Impaired tributaries appear to be having a negative effect on freshwater mussel densities in the South Fork Kentucky. Examination of long-term stream gauge data did not indicate any significant changes in flows over time. Recent trends with mining and land use threaten the long-term health of this otherwise high-quality system.
5 Introduction
Conservation of freshwater mollusks is an area that has received a great deal of attention in the last decade. Recent estimates by Williams et al (1998) indicate that close to 70% of freshwater mussels are imperiled (either listed or in danger of becoming so). Freshwater snails appear to be following the same trend, with over 70% of the national fauna ranked G3 or higher (Johnson et al. , in prep), much of that driven by endemism in the southeastern United States. Resource agencies in many states are beginning to provide resources and attention to freshwater snails. Clearly, with 64 species (39% of Kentucky’s aquatic mollusk fauna) considered to be Extirpated, Special Concern, Threatened or Endangered (KSNPCa) new approaches to aquatic conservation are needed.
Managers are beginning to recognize the importance not only of simply protecting high quality habitats through land acquisition and Best Management Practices, but also to consider the significant need to restore stream channels that have been degraded from past human activities. To this end, benchmarks need to be established not only of Kentucky’s faunal composition at a given site (alpha diversity) but also of how species relate to each other (assemblages and communities, or beta diversity) and how those assemblages and communities function together at the landscape level. This is certainly an area of research needed as increasing emphasis on functional stream restoration is happening in Kentucky at a rapid pace.
This study was developed with the idea of identifying patterns in habitat quality and impacts to freshwater mollusks, both in terms of species and assemblage distributions, in the South Fork Kentucky River system. The South Fork Kentucky River watershed is one of the most important remaining aquatic biodiversity areas remaining in the Kentucky River system. Within the Kentucky River system, the South Fork is generally regarded today as having some of the best water quality (KWRRI, 2002) although sections of 9 streams are listed as impaired or only partially supporting water quality standards under the US Clean Water Act (KYDOW, 2008).
Few published studies exist on the freshwater mollusk fauna of the basin. Cicerello (1996) conducted a study of the freshwater mussel fauna of the mainstem Red Bird River but to date, there has been no other published literature specific to the mollusk fauna of the South Fork system. Initial distributional investigations of the mussel fauna of the Kentucky River system were conducted by Danglade (1922) with more recent studies by Clark (1988), Houp (1980, 1993), and Taylor (1981, 1984). Studies of freshwater snails in the Kentucky River system have been conducted by Branson and Batch (1971, 1981a, 1981b, 1982) and Branson et al (1987).
Description of Study Area
The watershed covers 1,936 square kilometers over portions of Clay, Owsley, Lee, Leslie, and Knox counties (Figure 1). The mainstem of the South Fork Kentucky River is formed by the confluence of the Red Bird River and Goose Creek in Oneida, Kentucky.
6 Other major tributaries (HUC 11 watersheds) include Sexton Creek and Bullskin Creek and several smaller tributaries enter the mainstem South Fork Kentucky along its length. The South Fork Kentucky is a moderate to steeply incised river that experiences significant elevation drops and cuts through limestone for much of its headwater reaches resulting in exposed bluffs. This also results in the development of frequent heavy riffle sequences and large cobble/boulder/bedrock substrates. The watershed is characterized by moderate groundwater and rapid runoff rates (KWRRI, 2002).
The majority of the basin falls with the Dissected Appalachian Plateau of the Central Appalachian Ecoregion, with the extreme lower portion of the basin falling within the Ohio/Kentucky Carboniferous Plateau of the Western Allegheny Plateau Ecoregion (Figure 2). The basin is bordered to the west by the Cumberland Plateau. The basin is generally characterized by narrow ridges and has narrowed to intermediate width valley bottoms. Land cover in the basin is predominately forested (Figure 3). Agriculture in the watershed occurs primarily in the narrow valley bottom floodplains. Predominant agriculture is pastureland (livestock silage), with small amounts of commercial scale tobacco farming in Clay and Owsley counties (Brown, 2008; Clark, 2009).
Daniel Boone National Forest owns a large amount of land in the Redbird River watershed (Redbird Ranger District) as well as non-continuous holdings from the confluence of Redbird River and Goose Creek downstream to Hacker Branch.
Records from the watershed prior to this study
A total of 27 species of freshwater mussels have been reported from the South Fork Kentucky basin (Table 1). The only available records of Cyclonaias tuberculata are from relic shells from Goose Creek and Redbird River, while Truncilla truncata records were only from fresh or relic shells from the mainstem South Fork Kentucky. Goose Creek and Redbird River, major tributaries which lie in the same physiographic region and have a similar drainage area, both have records of 21 species. The mainstem South Fork Kentucky River has prior records for 24 species.
Rare Species
Given the generally good water quality in the watershed, the South Fork Kentucky system is home to numerous rare aquatic species. Rare mussel species known from the watershed include:
• Epioblasma triquetra (Snuffbox) 1, 2, 3 • Fusconaia subrotunda (Longsolid) 1, 2 • Obovaria subrotunda (Round Hickorynut) 2, 3 • Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica (Rabbitsfoot) 1, 2, 3 • Villosa lienosa (Little Spectaclecase) 1, 2
1 KSNPC-listed species 2 KYDFWR Species of Greatest Conservation need 3 Under review for federal listing by US Fish and Wildlife Service
7
It is also worth noting that the South Fork Kentucky, due to its water quality, harbors one of the strongest remaining populations of Threadfoot ( Podostemum ceratophyllum ) anywhere in Kentucky; this is an aquatic plant species requiring excellent water quality in order to persist.
Goals and Objectives
The goals and objectives of this study were to:
1) To revisit 19 freshwater mussel sites from the Cicerello (1996) study of the Red Bird River
2) To identify and sample a projected 30 sites over 3 years in the South Fork Kentucky River, as well as tributaries that have known mussel beds in need of monitoring
3) To PIT tag mussel species that are listed in the Kentucky Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy as Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SCGN);
4) To collect basic distributional information on the freshwater gastropods present in the watershed, particularly high priority species or watch list species listed by the Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission
5) Determine if distinct freshwater mussel assemblages occur within the basin
6) To develop rough population estimates of population size for mussel species as determined from quantitative sampling across 3-6 sites
Methods
Freshwater Mussel Sampling
A two-phase sampling approach (Smith et al., 2001) was used to sample freshwater mussels. Qualitative surveys were conducted at 77 sites in the watershed (Figure 4). At each site, a Diminishing Returns Curve was kept to determine when adequate search effort had been expended (Kovalak et al., 1986; Miller and Payne, 1993; Dunn, 2000). To develop the curve, mussels were identified and enumerated at 10, 20, 40, and 60 intervals. All sites were sampled between May and October. Water visibility rated from good to excellent during surveys. The goal of this phase was to generally characterize the mussel community composition. Measurements of a subset of each species were taken at each site (generally a maximum of 40-50 individuals). Species richness and relative abundance were calculated for the qualitative sampling dataset. Simpson’s Index, a measure of community diversity and weighted percent dominance, was calculated using the formula:
H = -Σ P i (lnP i) where P i is the proportion of each species in the sample.
8 Quantitative surveys were conducted at three sites in the basin selected from qualitative sampling (one site at Redbird River Mile 5.4 using (1) m 2 quadrats and two sites in South Fork Kentucky at SFRK 41.4 and 13.0 using (0.25) m 2 quadrats). A systematic sampling design with three random starts (Smith et al., 2001; Strayer and Smith, 2003) was implemented. This is an effective method of characterizing faunal composition with reasonable variance estimation. An initial set of 20 to 50 0.25 m-2 quadrats were surface searched to roughly gauge densities across rows and columns. This information was used to develop precision, sampling intensity estimates, and the area of the primary sampling unit (quadrat size). Sampling goals were set to estimate densities roughly within 20% of the mean at 95% level of confidence. Due to the small size of Redbird River and the destructive nature of quantitative sampling with full excavation, this threshold was raised to 30 - 35% of the mean for that site in order to reduce faunal and habitat disturbance. Each quadrat was excavated to a depth of approximately 15 cm. Mussels were identified to species, shell length was measured, and species were returned to suitable habitat adjacent to excavated areas.
Voucher photos of rare species (live animals) were taken; shells were retained of representative species when available. SCUBA was used in portions of certain South Fork Kentucky River sites. Live specimens of Epioblasma triquetra , Obovaria subrotunda , or Villosa lienosa were individually numbered using a PIT tag glued on to the shell.
Freshwater Snail Sampling
Due to time constraints, intensive qualitative and quantitative freshwater snail surveys were not completed; rather, snails were opportunistically collected at mussel sites. Hand sieves, hand collection, or D-frame nets were used to collect specimens. Backwaters, muddy floodplains, rocky substrates, mixed woody debris, and aquatic vegetation were searched for snails. Specimens were fixed and preserved in 80% denatured ethanol and returned to the lab for final identifications.
Habitat Evaluation
At the majority of sites, a modified Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) assessment (KYDOW, 2002) was conducted to rate habitat quality. This is a multi-metric score based on riffle quantity and quality, substrate quality, embeddedness, siltation, and riparian quality. A copy of the RBP sheet used in this study can be seen in Appendix 1.
Flow Evaluation
Any potential changes in long-term flows were examined using Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) software (The Nature Conservancy, Version 7.0.4.0). Daily flow data from 1929 to 2009 was gathered from the USGS gauging station at Booneville, KY. All potential long-term changes in minimum and maximum flows over 7, 10, 30, and 90 days periods were evaluated as well as peak, duration, timing, and frequency of high and low flow events.
9 Statistical Analyses
One field observation that was made during field investigation was that more consistent quality mussel habitat began to more consistently occur in the South Fork Kentucky below SFRK 44.08 (sites downstream of Hacker Branch). To test this, separate one-way ANOVAs were used to determine if any differences in Simpson Index and species richness were present in the data. Data was screened for normality and examined for homogeneity of variances prior to analysis. A Mann-Whitney test was used to examine potential differences in Encounter Rate and Simpson Index from sites above or greater than 2.5 km below versus sites immediately below listed 303(d) or tributaries otherwise observed to be impaired from sediment or excessive nutrients. A Student t-test was used to examine overall differences in Encounter Rate between Goose Creek and Redbird River versus South Fork Kentucky River. Data were screened for assumptions of normality and log-transformed prior to analysis as necessary.
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis using Sorenson’s distance measure and flexible beta linkage of - 0.25 (per McCune et al., 2002) was used to discern any differences in faunal assemblages across all sites in terms of percent composition. Proportion data were arcsin-root transformed prior to analysis. Species present at only one site and zeros were removed from the dataset and Outlier Analysis was used to remove outliers. Indicator Species Analysis was used to prune the dendrogram to the final solution. Statistical tests were done using Systat (Version 11) and PC-ORD software (PC-ORD 4, MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon). Unless otherwise noted, all tests were performed at the α = 0.05 level of statistical significance.
Taxonomy
Mollusk taxonomy generally follows Turgeon et al. (1998). Physa taxonomy follows Dillon et al (2002) and Wethington and Lydeard (2007); Laevapex taxonomy follows Walther et al (2006). Voucher materials (shells of mussels and ethanol preserved samples for snails) and voucher photos are housed at KSNPC in Frankfort. \ Results
Freshwater Mussels
A total of 25 species of live or fresh dead freshwater mussels were collected during this study (Table 2; Figure 5). Freshwater mussels achieved their highest measured density in the basin at South Fork Kentucky River Kilometer (SFRK) 41.2. As is typical with mussel distributions, species richness generally increased with increasing drainage area (Figure 6). The highest mean species richness (9.5 species) was found in the South Fork Kentucky. A statistically-significant difference was found in Encounter Rates between Redbird River/Goose Creek versus South Fork Kentucky River (p = 0.01).
A new South Fork Kentucky River basin record for Toxolasma parvus (Barnes, 1823) was found during the current study; weathered-dead specimens were collected at SFRMK
10 42.0 (above Lower Island Creek) in a muskrat midden. Live or fresh-dead specimens were not located for Alasmidonta viridis (WD specimens were obtained), Pyganodon grandis , Strophitus undulatus (WD specimens were obtained), or Truncilla truncata . Leptodea fragilis and Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica were collected located at only 1 site each, which is the same number of sites as historical records. All state-listed species were located in the study: Epioblasma triquetra (live at 2 sites and FD at 2 sites) Fusconaia subrotunda (live at 8 sites), Obovaria subrotunda (4 sites), Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica (1 site), and Villosa lienosa (collected only as FD shells at 4 sites and WD at 1 site).
Tributaries
Of the tributaries examined in the study, the best remaining mussel populations were in the Redbird River, with 17 species located live or from shell remains. Mean site species richness was 5.9 while mean Encounter Rate was 11.6 ± 5 individuals/hour (SD = 10.9; range 0 – 36.8) . Two state-listed species were found in the Redbird ( Obovaria subrotunda , live at 2 locations, and Villosa lienosa , as WD shell at 1 location). Species richness generally increased with watershed area but as previously noted by Cicerello (1996), mussels were largely absent or depressed below the confluence of Big Creek in the Redbird River (Figure 6). Comparison of data from Cicerello (1995) versus the current study indicates species richness declines across 78% of all sites, with µ = 42% decline in species richness per site.
Outside of the Redbird, the best remaining areas for mussels occurred in the upper to middle portions of Collins Fork, a southern tributary to Goose Creek. The lower portions of Collins Fork exhibited extremely poor habitat and did not appear to support viable populations of freshwater mussels. Despite limited sampling efforts in Sexton Creek, which appeared to have a large enough watershed area to support a small mussel community, no materials were collected aside from relict shell materials. Sexton Creek (listed as a 303(d) stream by KY DOW) appeared to have significant issues with habitat stability and sedimentation in lower reaches.
Quantitative sampling at the mouth of Laurel Creek, a site chosen in the lower end of the watershed that had 12 species located in qualitative sampling, showed a density of 1.26 ± 0.52 m-2 (Table 3). Comparison of the previous study of the mussels of the Redbird River reveals a decline in species richness at 78% of sites (Figure 7). Further examination of data for selected species, through comparison of qualitative versus quantitative length- frequency histograms, provides more insight on the status of freshwater mussels in the Redbird River (Figure 8). It would appear that very little recruitment is occurring in the dominant mussel species of the lower Redbird River. Counts of external annuli during quadrat sampling, a crude estimate of age, indicated that the youngest individuals of Amblema, Actinonaias , and Ptychobranchus were anywhere from 14 + to 30 + years old, with some individuals of Lampsilis siliquoidea ranging from 5-7 years.
11 Mainstem South Fork Kentucky River
A total of 23 species were located from the mainstem as live or fresh dead shell specimens (see Figure 5 for distribution maps). Mean species richness was 8.8 while mean Encounter Rate was 32 ± 13.6 individuals/hour (SD = 37; range 0 - 153). Freshwater mussels were more or less regularly distributed throughout the mainstem of the South Fork. A conspicuous absence of mussels was noted at the confluence of Lower Teges Creek and the confluence of Bullskin Creek. Marked drops in species richness were noted in the stream reaches below the confluence of Crane Creek, the stream reach just above and below Booneville, below the confluence of Lower Island Creek and below the confluence of Lower Buffalo Creek (Figure 6). The maximum species richness observed was at SFRK 41.08, which is within the river reach where the highest RBP scores were observed (from RK 66.4 to RK 26.3). One-way ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference in Simpson Index values from sites above and below SFRK 44.0 (Hacker Branch to the formation of the South Fork Kentucky River).
A Mann-Whitney test showed that a statistically-significant difference in medians of Encounter Rate from areas below impaired tributaries (U-test statistic = 0.00; p = 0.001), suggesting that densities are depressed below impaired tributaries. No significant difference was present in values of Simpson Index. No statistically significant differences were seen in Simpson Indices or species richness from above or below South Fork Kentucky River Mile 26.4, which was suspected to be a transition from lower to better higher quality river order mussel habitat.
In examination of total length data in the basin, several trends emerged. There was generally a unimodal or bimodal distribution in the data (Figure 9). In examining data from qualitative sampling against quantitative sampling (Figure 8), it appears that some recruitment is occurring in the South Fork Kentucky. Quantitative sampling revealed fairly diverse mussel communities in the South Fork Kentucky (Table 4). Examination of external annuli indicated recent recruitment in several species at RK 41.4: Actinonaias ligamentina (several individuals observed within last 3, 5, and7 + years), Epioblasma triquetra (within last 3-7 years), Obovaria subrotunda (within last 3–5 years), Pleurobema sintoxia (within last 5-7 years), and Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (within last 5-7 years). Recruitment was also observed at SFRK 13.0 primarily in Actinonaias ligamentina (several individuals within last 2-4 years) and Ptychobranchus fasciolaris (within last 4-5 years). State-listed species located at the site had evidence of recruitment within the last 5 years: Obovaria subrotunda (within last 2-3 years) and Epioblasma triquetra (within last 4-5 years). Pooling data from the 2 quantitative sampling sites, 9% of all Actinonaias ligamentina were smaller than 110 mm. This indicates younger cohorts are present in the system. Also it can be inferred, as quantitative sampling produced similar data to the qualitative sampling, that roughly 50% of the individuals of Amblema plicata and Elliptio dilatata were in the smaller size classes from the modal values. We observed young fresh dead (< 2 yrs) shells of several species during the study including Obovaria subrotunda . We also located 1 individual of Epioblasma triquetra from a site in the lower South Fork Kentucky measuring 22 mm (estimated to be 2 years old), indicating recent recruitment.
12
Cluster Analysis determined 3 assemblages of freshwater mussels in the South Fork Kentucky River system (Figure 10). The data was essentially organized by watershed position, meaning that different assemblages broke out by increasing drainage area which is a common pattern in freshwater mussels.
The 3 assemblages of freshwater mussels in the South Fork Kentucky River basin are:
Generalist assemblage . This group was typically dominated by Lampsilis siliquoidea (Fatmucket). This group generally occurred in extreme headwater environments and in areas in higher order sections of the basin in more depositional or less quality mussel habitat. In this study, this assemblage was found in the basin from less than 255 to 1201 square kilometers (Figure 11) but occurred in a variety of habitats, from mud/silt to sand dominated.
Spike-Threeridge assemblage: This was a variable group, typically characterized by Elliptio dilatata (Spike) and/or Amblema plicata (Threeridge). This assemblage occurs across various longitudinal locations in Redbird River and South Fork Kentucky River (Figure 11). This assemblage was found in the basin in areas ranging from 255 to 1520 square kilometers.
Mucket-Medium River assemblage : This group is dominated by Actinonaias ligamentina , as well as most of the rare species in the basin ( Epioblasma triquetra , Fusconaia subrotunda , Obovaria subrotunda , Villosa lienosa ). With the exception of one location in the lower Redbird River, where very high quality habitat occurred, this was the dominant assemblage from stations in the reach above Buffalo Creek to the lower sections of the South Fork Kentucky River. It generally was found in areas greater than 1200 square kilometers (Figure 11).
Freshwater Snails
Opportunistic sampling resulted in a total of 15 species of freshwater snails (Table 5). No KSNPC listed species were collected during the study. The dominant taxa, in descending order in the number of site records, were Elimia semicarinata , Helisoma anceps , and Ferrissia rivularis . This includes the first recorded South Fork Kentucky River basin records for 5 and Kentucky River system records for 2 species:
• Amnicola limosus (1 specimen, Mud Amnicola; Hydrobiidae) • Galba obrussa (Golden Fossaria; Lymnaeidae) • Laevapex fuscus (Dusky Ancylid; Ancylidae) • Micromenetus dilatatus (Bugle Sprite; Planorbidae) • Pseudosuccinea columella (Mimic Lymnaea; Lymnaeidae).
The highest species richness occurred in headwater areas (Figure 12). This was an assemblage dominated by Physa, Ferrissia , Pseudosuccinea as well as Elimia . Higher order sections of the river system, which received less intensive sampling due to time
13 constraints, were dominated by Elimia . Stations in the study on the South Fork Kentucky River below Booneville had records of Pleurocera canaliculata as well. Sampling did not locate specimens of Lioplax sulculosa (Furrowed Lioplax, S3S4 species) despite previous records from the Kentucky River system (Branson and Batch, 1981a).
All specimens of Elimia encountered during the study were noted as E. semicarinata . Previous research has suggested that more than 1 species of Elimia occurs in the river system ( Elimia semicarinata and E. costifera ). My observations of the specimens of Elimia in the upper portions of the watershed lean more towards Elimia ebenum , a species endemic to the Cumberland River system. Molecular work is needed to adequately assess the alpha level diversity in the watershed.
Habitat and flows
Average Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) scores across sites ranged from 76 to 172 (Table 6). Examining RBP scores, only 17% of all sites qualified as ‘Supporting’ according to KY DOW criteria (Table 6). Only 29% of all sites scored from Partial to Fully Supporting basin wide. For sites where habitat scores were calculated, the highest RBP scores were found in the mainstem South Fork Kentucky River (n = 24; µ = 132.2; range = 76 - 172) followed by the Redbird River (n = 20; µ = 130.5; range = 88 – 158). The lowest observed scores were in the Goose Creek basin (n = 9; µ = 117.8; range 77 - 153).
No long-term changes in flow were detected using IHA software of long-term stream discharge data.
Discussion
This study produced records for 22 species of freshwater mussels, and weathered shell remains of three more species (including a new basin record for Toxolasma parvus ), for a total of 25 species. From examination of these data against historical data, it is possible that 1 species ( Cyclonaias tuberculata ) is extirpated from the basin based upon a lack of evidence of live or fresh dead specimens. Given the fact that previous records of Cyclonaias were from relic shells, it could have been extirpated for some time, although adequate historical survey data is lacking. Although only weathered shell remains were located of Alasmidonta viridis , it is a small species and could have potentially been overlooked. The same issue applies to Truncilla truncata , of which historical records are known. These data and KSNPC data collected prior to this study indicate the presence of Megalonaias nervosa in the basin as well, which could have historically been misidentified as Amblema plicata .
The quantitative data collected during the study indicates a moderate to high degree of variability among mussel assemblages in the basin. The high Coefficient of Variation (CV) observed at the Redbird River site suggests a high degree of clustering of the mussel fauna. As resources were limited in the study, we were not able to conduct additional sampling to increase precision of the mean and hence further reduce the degree
14 of variation. Also, the data from this site suggests a Poisson distribution, again underscoring the sparse density and high clustered nature of the data. While precision of the mean goals were met at both sites in the South Fork Kentucky, additional sampling would have been required in the Redbird River. Given the low density of mussels at the lower Redbird River site, I felt it was not beneficial to the freshwater mussel fauna to damage additional habitat through increased sampling intensity in order to establish a higher degree of statistical precision (Dunn, 2000).
Threats observed to the mollusk fauna in the South Fork Kentucky basin are numerous. Overall, perturbations to the mollusk fauna of the basin likely stem from water quality and habitat conditions as opposed to a net hydrological alteration in the basin. In the Goose Creek watershed, coal mining and floodplain agriculture has taken a visible toll on the mussel fauna. Coal deposits, in the form of coal fines and coal pieces, were visible at many sites in mainstem Goose Creek. Further, several areas examined in Goose Creek were scoured down to bedrock, possibly as a result of long-term hydrological alterations in the watershed and a complete lack of riparian area along several stretches of the mainstem. Lower sections of Collins Fork (RK 4.0 to 10.5), which ostensibly still maintains occurrences of Villosa lienosa in upper sections (KSNPCb, 2010), is listed on the KY DOW 303(d) list as being impaired due to sedimentation (KY DOW, 2008). Acid drainage was noted on the South Fork Kentucky coming out of several tributaries; namely the confluences of Indian Creek, Fish Creek, Matton Creek, and in Booneville above KY 28 bridge. Coal and coal fines was present in the river in the Chestnut Gap area upstream of Booneville and acid seeps were seen coming into the river in the area west of Eversole in this river reach. At one of the lowermost sites on the Redbird River a new surface mining operation upstream of Laurel Branch was beginning operation during this study. Quadrat samples were taken at this site, which will be useful for future comparisons. Coal mining has been implicated in the decline of mussels in other Kentucky streams as well (Layzer and Anderson, 1991; Warren and Haag, 2005).
At many of the confluences with 303(d) or impaired tributaries, visible problems in sedimentation or extreme scour (or both) were noted. Below Crane Creek, the South Fork drops rapidly in elevation resulting in extremely scoured substrate (to bedrock in many areas) and does not develop depositional habitats largely suitable for mussels until the reach above Lower Teges Creek.
Sexton Creek, while less impacted by Goose Creek, had stretches of stream characterized by highly impacted riparian areas and lower reaches of the stream appear to be heavily scoured and is downcutting the stream bed. These reaches have a good deal of large woody debris that appear to be contributing to channel shifting and bed and bank scouring, resulting in heavy sedimentation. Portions of Collins Fork, a Goose Creek tributary, near Bluehole, Kentucky still maintained reasonably good habitat. The lower sections of Collins Fork approaching Manchester, KY were highly degraded and unlikely to maintain viable populations of freshwater mussels.
The trends in the Redbird River mussel fauna are somewhat troubling. While some of the reported differences in species richness could possibly be attributed to part in differences
15 in surveyor experience, the widespread nature of the declines (downward changes in species richness 78% of sites in the study, average site species richness decline of 42%) suggests it could be due, in part, to an actual decline. It should be noted, however, that presence-absence surveys have limited power to detect actual declines at the 20-50% level of change (Strayer, 1999). Additionally, while search time per site was not reported by Cicerello (1996), our methods (intensive snorkeling, with a minimum search time of 1 to 7 person hours versus the use of viewing buckets in the previous study) should have been adequate in approximating the previous data if the mussel fauna was in similar condition. An increase or no change in richness was observed at sites 13 and 14, and below these sites, less steep declines (approx 25%) were seen, suggesting that species could have been missed. Additional survey work is certainly needed to validate these results, but issues with water quality could partially to blame for this. Extreme sedimentation, from road runoff, soil dumps, bank scour, bank sloughing, and to some degree agriculture, was observed at several sites in the Redbird watershed. Since the Cicerello (1996) study, mining or gas wells in the headwaters of the Redbird River may have contributed to the absence of mussels at the upper three sites ( fide K. Tartar, Daniel Boone National Forest, 2008). There is a large surface coal mine now in operation in the lower Redbird near Laurel Branch as well as gas well production upstream, and anecdotal reports from local citizens now mention seeing blackwater releases in the Redbird River. Localized habitat issues were also found – a failed beaver dam and adjacent eroded bank in the middle portion of the Redbird River contributed a heavy load of sand over the mussel bed that resulted in a drop from 10 to 2 species at the site. In addition, all terrain vehicle (ATV) damage and erosion were evident at the quantitative sampling site in Redbird River, and cattle were in the river in the reach above this site.
Furthermore, the limited recruitment and generally low encounter rates observed in this study suggests that either conditions in the Redbird River are precluding broad recruitment or that much of the riverine population is an ecological ‘sink’ and heavily dependent on gene exchange and host fish dispersal from the South Fork Kentucky River to maintain viable populations (Newton et al. , 2008), or both. Connectivity within the larger streams in the South Fork watershed is generally good, with no major dams and only remnant dams (non-functional) observed in Goose Creek. At such low recruitment levels and very low encounter rates, the short-term persistence (50 - 100 + years) of several members of the fauna in the basin remains a question.
Molecular work is needed to help resolve some of the issues with freshwater gastropod taxonomy. In particular, a systematic study of the Elimia of the Kentucky River system is needed. According to published accounts (Branson and Batch, 1981a, 1981b) there are 2 species of Elimia in the Kentucky River system, E. costifera and E. semicarinata . However, Elimia costifera is known principally from tributaries of the Ohio River in Illinois and Kentucky (Burch, 1989) and as such, it leaves questions as to whether previous published accounts of this species in the basin are indeed valid or are simply represent an ecophenotype of another Elimia species. In addition, a comparison of Elimia from headwater areas in the basin is needed as the upper Kentucky and Cumberland basin once were believed to be connected based upon some members the fish fauna (Etheostoma sagitta sagitta and Etheosomta spilotum spilotum ), which has
16 been noted by Branson and Batch (1981b). Some of the Elimia in headwater areas of the basin, in my view, did not appear to be typical Elimia semicarinata (lacking a carina and fluting on the upper whorls) as reported by Branson and Batch (1981b). The most likely taxa with which gene flow may have historically occurred would be Elimia ebenum , a Cumberland basin species, which is more robust and lacks distinguishing characteristics on the whorls. To wit, specimens examined at Ohio State University collected and identified in the 1970s by Carol Stein were labeled as possibly being Elimia ebenum . Additional collecting efforts are needed to locate additional drainage records. In particular, efforts are needed in backwater habitats, deeper water areas in the lowermost reaches of the watershed, wetlands (including seasonal wetlands), and floodplains. I noted that much of the mainstem of South Fork Kentucky River, likely due to the natural gradient, lacked flat, muddy floodplains that would be readily accessible to snails. The primary habitats observed that would increase species richness were in small Justicia bars. Areas of mixed woody debris accumulation and backwater areas were somewhat lacking in the lower river although present in small sections in the segments below Booneville. These are important habitat features that promote greater species richness, particularly in the pulmonate species, as they provide shelter from high flows and stable areas for feeding and successful reproduction. The dominance of pulmonate snails in the lower order headwaters and gilled (operculate) snails in higher orders follows the patterns of aquatic gastropod distribution for riverine systems demonstrated recently by Brown et al. (1998), Pyron et al. (2009) and Evans and Ray (2010).
In terms of determining trends for long-term health of the mussel resources of the basin, monitoring will be imperative. Data from this study generally suggests a unimodal distribution or bimodal distribution for most species, which could indicate that limited recruitment is happening in the basin (Berg et al ., 2008). In general, recruitment is low but present at detectable levels in the South Fork Kentucky River. Within the Kentucky River system, the South Fork watershed appears to be the remaining stronghold for Villosa lienosa and, along with the Red River, Epioblasma triquetra. The South Fork Kentucky is also the sole remaining stream in the Kentucky River system for Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica . Population viability analyses will be needed to fully ascertain the projected persistence of the current mussel fauna of the basin.
This work identified a distinct assemblage predominantly in the lower South Fork Kentucky dominated by Actinonaias ligamentina . Vaughn et al (2008) has demonstrated the critical importance of this species in maintaining N:P ratios and consequently, algal production and NH 3 production for the aquatic community. Further, Spooner and Vaughn (2008) demonstrated lower thermal tolerances of Actinonaias , Lampsilis cardium , and Quadrula pustulosa versus Amblema plicata, Fusconaia flava, and Megalonaias nervosa and reported this sort of assemblage shift, along with reduced species richness, is already occurring in Oklahoma based on long-term data .
Should global climate change affect Kentucky’s streams, this shift, towards warmwater- dominated assemblages, could occur. Climate change has been predicted to favor more warmwater assemblages of fishes (Buisson et al ., 2008) but also decreases in many native warmwater fishes in the midwestern U.S. (Eaton and Scheller, 1996). However,
17 Matthews and Zimmerman (1990) suggested that shift of species composition would be somewhat related to northern stream corridors which would allow latitudinal shifts in distributions. Given the northward flow of the Kentucky River system, this effect could be potentially attenuated, but a high degree of habitat modification and a series of 14 dams on the Kentucky River (which provide continuous impoundment to the confluence with the Ohio River) limits the longitudinal connectivity of the basin. These results also trend with results of classification of mussels in the Atlantic Slope by Strayer (1993) in terms of generalists and assemblages predicted by stream order. Walsh et al (2007) also delineated a Fatmucket dominated assemblage and Elliptio dominated assemblage from upper Ohio streams, which suggests that these results may support a predictable pattern within the larger Ohio River system. It is with these issues in mind that managers should be considerate of mussel assemblage composition in relation to protection and maintenance of the rare species in the basin. It is likely that the current fauna in the basin is fairly representative of the historical species composition. The assemblages in the South Fork Kentucky River and Redbird River should be seen as an important benchmark for future restoration efforts in the Middle and North Fork Kentucky Rivers, which are beset by many more water quality issues (KWRRI, 2002).
Given these results, it is obvious that restoration efforts are needed with the South Fork Kentucky basin. Beyond the rare species in the freshwater mussel fauna, the Redbird River basin is a stronghold for the Kentucky Arrow Darter ( Etheostoma sagitta spilotum ), which has declined dramatically over a 15 or 20 year period and is suspected to be due to water quality and habitat impairments from coal mining (Thomas, 2008). Water quality and habitat protection efforts in the small tributary streams where it is left could doubly benefit the fish and mussel fauna of the basin.
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank Jill Allen, Danna Baxley, Seth Bishop, Byron Brooks, Travis Brown, Sue Bruenderman, Ron Cicerello, Zach Couch, Lee Droppleman, Jonny Hart, Matt Howell, Alice Mandt, Brian Marbert, Whitney Nash, Kim Tartar, John Tiggelaar, Craig Walker, and Josh Young for field assistance in various stages of this project. I would also like to thank David Hayes and Guenter Schuster of Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) and G. Thomas Watters (Ohio State University) for allowing me access to their respective museum collections. Greg Abernathy of KSNPC greatly assisted with guidance on maps. This project was funded by a State and Tribal Wildlife Grant awarded to KSNPC by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources.
18 Literature Cited
Berg, D.J., Levine, T.D., Stoeckel, J.A., and B.K. Lang. 2008. A conceptual model linking demography and population genetics of freshwater mussels. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27(2): 395-408.
Branson, B.A., and D.L. Batch. 1971. Annotated distribution records for Kentucky Mollusca. Sterkiana 43:1-9.
Branson, B.A., and D.L. Batch. 1981a. Distributional records for gastropods and sphaeriid clams of the Kentucky and Licking River and Tygarts Creek drainages, Kentucky. Brimleyana 7:137-144.
Branson, B.A., and D.L. Batch. 1981b. The gastropods and sphaeriacean clams of the Dix River system, Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 42 (1-2): 54-61.
Branson, B.A., and D.L. Batch. 1982. The Gastropoda and Sphaeriacean clams of Red River, Kentucky. The Veliger 24(3):200-203.
Branson, B.A., and D.L. Batch , and S.M. Call.. 1987. Distribution of aquatic snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Kentucky with notes on fingernail clams (Mollusca: Sphaeriidae: Corbiculidae). Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Sciences.48:62-70.
Brown, K.M., Alexander, J.E., and J.H. Thorp. 1998. Differences in the ecology and distribution of lotic pulmonate and prosobranch gastropods. Amercian Malacological Bulletin 14(2): 91-101.
Brown, L. (Director). 2008. Kentucky agricultural statistics and annual report. National Agricultural Statistics Service, Kentucky Field Office, Louisville.
Buisson, L., Thuiller, W., Sovan Lek, P.L., and G.L. Grenouillet. 2008. Climate change hastens the turnover of stream fish assemblages. Global Change Biology 14: 2232-2248.
Cicerello, R.R. 1996. A survey of the unionids (Bivalvia: Unionidae) of the Red Bird River, Clay and Leslie Counties, Kentucky. Technical Report to the Daniel Boone National Forest. iii + 14 pp.
Clark, C.F. 1988. Some fresh-water mussels from the Red River drainage, Kentucky. Malacology Data Net 2 (3-4): 100-103.
Clark, Z.F. (Director). 2009. 2007 census of agriculture, Kentucky state and county data. National Agricultural Statistics Service, geographic area series, volume 1, part 17. vi + 852 pp.
19
Danglade, E. 1922. The Kentucky River and its mussel resources. United States Bureau of Fisheries 934: 1-8.
Dillon, R.T., A.R. Wethington, Rhett, J.M., and T.P. Smith. 2002. Populations of the European freshwater pulmonate Physa acuta are not reproductively isolated from American Physa heterostropha or Physa integra . Invertebrate Biology 121: 226- 234.
Dunn, H. 2000. Development of strategies for sampling freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). Pp. 161-167 in Johnson, P.D., and R.S. Butler (editors). Freshwater Mollsuk Symposia Proceedings. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio. xxi + 274 pp.
Eaton, J.G., and R.M. Scheller. 1996. Effects of climate warming on fish thermal habitat in streams of the United States. Limnology and Oceanography 41(5): 1109-1115.
Evans, R.R., and S.J. Ray. 2010. Distribution and environmental influences on freshwater gastropods from lotic systems and springs in Pennsylvania, USA, with conservation status recommendations. American Malacological Bulletin 28(1-2): 135-150.
Houp, R.E. 1980. A survey of the mussels of the Red River (wild river segment) in eastern Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 41: 55-56.
Houp, R.E. 1993. Observations of the long-term effects of sedimentation on freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Unionidae) in the North Fork of the Red River, Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 54: 93-97.
P.D. Johnson, A.E. Bogan, K.M. Brown, J.T. Garner, P.D. Hartfield, & J. R. Cordeiro. In prep. Conservation Status of North American Freshwater Gastropods. To be submitted as Special Publication of the American Fisheries Society.
Kentucky Division of Water (KYDOW). 2002. Methods for assessing biological integrity of surface waters in Kentucky. Kentucky Division of Water, Water Quality Branch. iii + 182 pp.
Kentucky Division of Water (KYDOW). 2008. Final 2008 integrated report to Congress on the Condition of Water Resources in Kentucky. Volume II. 303(d) list of surface waters. Frank viii + 252 pp. + appendices.
Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPCa). In prep. Endangered, threatened, special concern, and historical biota of Kentucky. To be submitted to Kentucky Academy of Sciences.
20 Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission (KSNPCb). 2010. Biotics database.
Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute (KWRRI). 2002. Kentucky River basin management plan. Final report to Kentucky River Authority. 429 pp.
Kovalak, W.P., Dennis, S.D., and J.M. Bates. 1986. Sampling effort required to find rare species of freshwater mussels. Pg. 34-45 in B.G. Isom (editor). Rationale for sampling and interpretation of ecological data in the assessment of freshwater ecosystems. ASTM STP 1984. iii + 181 pp.
Layzer, J.B., and R.M. Anderson. 1991. Impacts of the coal industry on rare and endangered aquatic organisms of the upper Cumberland River basin. Final report prepared for Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. 118 pp.
Matthews, W.J., and E.G. Zimmerman. 1990. Potential effects of global warming on native fishes of the southern Great Plains and the Southwest. Fisheries 15: 26-32.
McCune, B., Grace, J.B., and D.L. Urban. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon. iv + 300 pp.
Miller, A.C., and B.S. Payne. 1993. Qualitative and quantitative sampling to evaluate population and community characteristics in a large-river mussel bed. American Midland Naturalist 130: 133-145.
Newton, T.J., Woolnough, D.A., and D.L. Strayer. 2008. Using landscape ecology to understand and manage freshwater mussel populations. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27(2): 424-439.
Pyron, M., Beugly, J., Spielman, M., Pritchett, J., and S. Jacquemin. 2009. Habitat variation among aquatic gastropod assemblages of Indiana, USA. The Open Zoology Journal 2009 (2): 8-15.
Schuster, G. 1988. The distribution of unionids (Mollusca: Unionidae) In Kentucky. Project No. 2-437R. Report to Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Division of Fisheries, Frankfort, Kentucky. 1099 pp.
Smith, D.R., R.F. Villella, and D.P. Lemarie. 2001. Survey protocol for assessment of endangered freshwater mussels in the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 20 (1):118-132.
Strayer, D.L. 1993. Macrohabitats of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionacea) in streams of the northern Atlantic Slope. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 12(3): 236-246.
21 Strayer, D.L. 1999. Statistical power of presence-absence data to detect population declines. Conservation Biology 13(5): 1034-1038.
Strayer, D.L., and D.R. Smith. 2003. A guide to sampling freshwater mussels. American Fisheries Society, Monograph 8, Bethesda, Maryland. xi + 103 pp.
Tartar, K. 2008. Daniel Boone National Forest. Personal communication to R. Evans.
Taylor, R.W. 1981. Freshwater naiades of Eagle Creek, a tributary of the Kentucky River (Unionidae). The Nautilus 95: 93-95.
Taylor, R.W. 1984. A preliminary survey of the mussels of Elkhorn Creek, northcentral Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 45 (1-2):73.
Thomas, M.R. 2008. Distribution and status of the Kentucky Arrow Darter ( Etheostoma sagitta spilotum . Section I of the Interim Annual Performance Report for State and Tribal Wildlife Grant T-9-RSI-1: Ichthyofauna Resources of Kentucky. 33 pp.
Turgeon, D. D., Quinn, J.F., Bogan, A.E., Coan, E.V., Hochberg, F.G., Lyons, W.G., Mikkelsen, P.M., Neves, R.J., Roper, C.F.E., Rosenberg, G., Roth, B., Scheltema, A., Thompson, F.G., Vecchione, M., and J.D. Williams. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd edition. American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 26. Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. ix + 509 pp. + 49 plates.
Walsh, M., Deeds, J., and B. Nightingale. 2007. Classifying lotic systems for conservation: project methods and results of the Pennsylvania aquatic community classification project. Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, Pittsburgh, PA. vi + 73 pp.
Walther, A.C., Lee, T., Burch, J.B., and D.O. Foighil. 2006. E Pluribus unum : a phylogenetic and phylogeographic reassessment of Laevapex (Pulmonata: Ancylidae), a North American genus of freshwater limpets. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 501-506.
Warren, M.L. and W.R. Haag. 2005. Spatio-temporal patterns of the decline of freshwater mussels in the Little South Fork Cumberland River, USA. Biodiversity and Conservation 14(6):1383-1400.
Wethington, A.R., and C. Lydeard. 2007. A molecular phylogeny of Physidae (Gastropoda: Basommatophora) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(3): 241-257.
22 Table 1. Prior documented mussel records in the South Fork Kentucky River system; list gathered from Schuster (1988), Cicerello (1995), Eastern Kentucky University museum records and KSNPC files.
Scientific Name Common Goose Sexton Redbird South Fork Name Creek Creek River Kentucky River Actinonaias ligamentina Mucket 2, 5 1, 2 (Lamarck, 1819) Alasmidonta viridis (Rafinesque, Slippershell 1, 2 1 1 1 1820) Amblema plicata (Say, 1817) Threeridge 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3 Cyclonaias tuberculata Purple 2 5 (Rafinesque, 1820) Wartyback Elliptio dilatata (Rafinesque, Spike 1 2, 5 1, 2, 3 1820) Epioblasma triquetra Snuffbox 1 1, 2, 5 1 (Rafinesque, 1820) Fusconaia flava (Rafinesque, Wabash Pigtoe 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2 1820) Fusconaia subrotunda (I. Lea, Longsolid 2 1831) Lampsilis cardium Rafinesque, Pocketbook 3 1, 2, 5 1, ,2 , 3, 4 1820 Lampsilis fasciola Rafinesque, Wavyrayed 1 1, 2, 5 1, 2 1820 Lampmussel Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes, Fatmucket 1, 2, 3, 6 1 1, 2, 5, 6 1, 2, 3 1823) Lasmigona costata (Rafinesque, Flutedshell 1, 3, 6 1 1, 2, 5 1, 3, 4, 6 1820) Leptodea fragilis i (Rafinesque, Fragile 1 1820) Papershell Megalonaias nervosa Washboard 2, 5 2, 5 i(Rafinesque, 1820) Obovaria subrotunda Round 1, 2 1, 2, 6 1, 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Hickorynut Pleurobema sintoxia (Rafinesque, Round Pigtoe 1, 2, 3, 5 1 1820) Potamilus alatus (Say, 1817) Pink 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3 Heelsplitter Ptychobranchus fasciolaris Kidneyshell 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829) Giant Floater 2 1 Quadrula pustulosa ( I. Lea, Pimpleback 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3, 4 1831) Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica Rabbitsfoot 2 (Wright, 1898) Strophitus undulatus (Say, 1817) Creeper 1 1 1, 2, 5 1, 2 Quadrula verrucosa Pistolgrip 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 3 (Rafinesque, 1820) Truncilla truncata Rafinesque, Deertoe 1, 2 1820 Utterbackia imbecillus (Say, Paper 1 1 1829) Pondshell Villosa iris (I. Lea, 1829) Rainbow 2, 3 1, 2, 3, 5 1 Villosa lienosa (Conrad, 1834) Little 2, 6 1, 2, 5, 6 1, 6 Spectaclecase Total 21 5 21 24 1 = B. Branson and D. Batch, Eastern Kentucky University (records from 1970 - 1986); 2 = KSNPC collections (1988- 1998); 3 = B. Butler, EKU (1986); 4 = Clench and Rosewater (1958); 5 = R. Cicerello (1995); 6 = H. Athearn (1953 – 1966)
23 Table 2. Mussels located during qualitative sampling. Numbers refer to number of sites where species were found; parentheses note either sites where weathered dead (WD) shells were located or site where only fresh dead (FD) shells were located.
Scientific Name Common Name Goose Sexton Redbird South Fork Kentucky Creek Creek River River Actinonaias ligamentina Mucket 6 28 Alasmidonta viridis Slippershell 1 (as WD) Amblema plicata Threeridge 6 12 24 Elliptio dilatata Spike 10 25 Epioblasma triquetra Snuffbox 2 (2 FD) Fusconaia flava Wabash Pigtoe 1 10 10 Fusconaia subrotunda Longsolid 8 Lampsilis cardium Pocketbook 12 12 Lampsilis fasciola Wavyrayed 8 12 Lampmussel Lampsilis siliquoidea Fatmucket 4 1 (WD) 10 11 Lasmigona costata Flutedshell 10 Leptodea fragilis Fragile Papershell 1 Megalonaias nervosa Washboard 8 6 Obovaria subrotunda Round Hickorynut 1 (WD) 2 5 Pleurobema sintoxia Round Pigtoe 4 16 Potamilus alatus Pink Heelsplitter 2 12 Ptychobranchus Kidneyshell 1 9 21 fasciolaris Quadrula pustulosa Pimpleback 7 20 Quadrula cylindrica Rabbitsfoot 1 cylindrica Quadrula verrucosa Pistolgrip 9 17 (1 FD) Utterbackia imbecillus Paper Pondshell 1 Strophitus undulatus Creeper 1 (as WD) Toxolasma parvus Lilliput 1 (as WD) Villosa iris Rainbow 3 3 Villosa lienosa Little Spectaclecase 1 (as WD) 4 (4 FD)
24 Table 3. Results of freshwater mussel quadrat sampling in 2008 and 2009
Redbird River, at South Fork Kentucky South Fork Kentucky Laurel Branch River, 0.35 km above River, at Matton Creek, confluence, Lower Island Creek, October 2009 August 2008 September 2009
Quadrat size 1.0m 2 0.25m 2 0.25m 2 N 34 120 104 Species Richness 11 14 11 Mean Density (No/m 2) ± 95% CI 1.26 ± 0.52 6.28 ± 0.47 4.45 ± 0.45 Estimated Number of Mussels @ 95% CI 589 - 1414 4312 - 5007 3200 - 3920 Median 1 3 2 Standard Error 0.27 0.25 0.23 Standard Deviation 1.54 2.62 2.35 Sample Variance 2.38 6.88 4.63 Coefficient of Variation 122% 42% 53% Variance to Mean Ratio 1.89 1.10 1.04 Kurtosis 1.94 0.88 2.51 Skewness 1.47 0.93 1.39 Precision of Mean (%) 35 11.7 18.1
25 Table 4. Relative abundance of mussels observed during quantitative sampling.
Scientific Name Common Name Redbird River, at South Fork South Fork Laurel Branch Kentucky River, Kentucky River, at confluence, 0.35 km above Matton Creek, August 2008 Lower Island October 2009 Creek, September 2009
N = 46 N = 409 N = 327 Actinonaias ligamentina Mucket 46.7 78 70.6 Amblema plicata Threeridge 15.5 7.3 4.3 Elliptio dilatata Spike < 0.01 3.4 9.8 Epioblasma triquetra Snuffbox < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Fusconaia flava Wabash Pigtoe < 0.01 < 0.01 Fusconaia subrotunda Longsolid < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Lampsilis cardium Pocketbook 4.4 1 < 0.01 Lampsilis fasciola Wavyrayed < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 Lampmussel Lampsilis siliquoidea Fatmucket 8.8 < 0.01 < 0.01 Lasmigona costata Flutedshell Leptodea fragilis Fragile Papershell Megalonaias nervosa Washboard < 0.01 Obovaria subrotunda Round Hickorynut < 0.01 < 0.01 Pleurobema sintoxia Round Pigtoe 4.4 1.2 1.8 Potamilus alatus Pink Heelsplitter < 0.01 < 0.01 Ptychobranchus Kidneyshell 8.8 2.7 5.2 fasciolaris Quadrula pustulosa Pimpleback < 0.01 4.2 4.9 Quadrula verrucosa Pistolgrip < 0.01 Strophitus undulatus Creeper < 0.01 Villosa iris Rainbow
26 Table 5. Freshwater snails observed during this study.
Order: Family Scientific Name Common Name Records in Current Study No. of Sites Pulmonata: Ancylidae Ferrissia rivularis (Say, 1817) Creeping Ancylid 1,2,3 18 Laevapex fuscus (C.B. Adams, 1841)* ø Dusky Ancylid 2,3 2
Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae Galba obrussa (Say, 1825) ø Golden Fossaria 2 2 (1WD) Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817) ø Mimic Lymnaea 2 3
Pulmonata: Physidae Physa acuta (Draparanaud, 1805) European Physa 1 1 Physa gyrina (Say, 1821) Tadpole Physa 1,2 10 Physa sp. (unidentifiable) 3
Pulmonata: Planorbidae Helisoma anceps (Menke, 1830) Two-Ridge Rams Horn 1,2,3,4,5 23 Micromenetus dilatatus (Gould, 1841) ø Bugle Sprite 2 7 Planorbella trivolvis (Say, 1817) Marsh Rams-Horn 2 1
Architaenioglossa: Viviparidae Campeloma decisum (Say, 1817) Pointed Campeloma 1,2 5 Campeloma sp (unidentifiable) 2
Neotaeniglossa: Hydrobiidae Amnicola limosus (Say, 1817)* ø Mud Amnicola 1 1
Neotaeniglossa: Pleuroceridae Elimia semicarinata (Say, 1829) Fine-Ridged Elimia 1,2,3,4 32 Pleurocera acuta Rafinesque, 1831 Sharp Hornsnail 1,2 6 Pleurocera canaliculata (Say, 1821) Silty Hornsnail 1 2
1 = Mainstem South Fork Kentucky; 2= Redbird River; 3 = Goose Creek; 4 = Sexton Creek; 5 = Bullskin Creek; * = new Kentucky River system records
27 Table 6. Summary of Kentucky DOW Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (RBP) data from study.
Not Supporting Partially Supporting, but Fully Supporting (< 144) Supporting (145- Threatened (156- (> 165) 155) 164) Goose Creek and 88% 12% 0% 0% Tributaries Redbird River 75% 15% 10% 0% Mainstem 63% 10% 20% 7% South Fork KY and tributaries Basinwide 71% 12% 14% 3%
28 Figure 1. Map of South Fork Kentucky River basin.
29 Figure 2. Ecoregions of the South Fork Kentucky watershed.
30 Figure 3. Landcover in the South Fork Kentucky River basin. Green = Forest; Red = Urban; Yellow = Agricultural; Beige = Inactive/Abandoned Coal Mine; Orange = Active Coal Mining
31 Figure 4. Map of sampling sites. See Appendix 1 for the list of sampling locations.
32 Figure 5. Maps of mussel species detected during qualitative sampling. Maps reflect only species where live or fresh dead shell was located. (A) Actinonaias ligamentina
33 Figure 5-B. Amblema plicata
34 Figure 5-C. Elliptio dilatata
35 Figure 5-D. Epioblasma triquetra
36 Figure 5-E. Fusconaia flava
37 Figure 5-F. Fusconaia subrotunda
38 Figure 5-G. Lampsilis cardium
39 Figure 5-H. Lampsilis fasciola
40 Figure 5-I. Lampsilis siliquoidea
41 Figure 5-J. Lasmigona costata
42 Figure 5-K. Leptodea fragilis
43 Figure 5-L. Megalonaias nervosa
44 Figure 5-M. Obovaria subrotunda
45 Figure 5-N. Pleurobema sintoxia
46 Figure 5-O. Potamilus alatus
47 Figure 5-P. Ptychobranchus fasciolaris
48 Figure 5-Q. Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica
49 Figure 5-R. Quadrula pustulosa
50 Figure 5-S. Quadrula verrucosa
51 Figure 5-T. Utterbackia imbecillus
52 Figure 5-U. Villosa iris
53 Figure 5-V. Villosa lienosa
54 Figure 6. Mussel species richness by River Mile (A) Redbird River (B) South Fork Kentucky River. The mean species richness value across sites in shown as a horizontal line in each graph.
(A) Redbird River
(B) South Fork Kentucky River
Below Lower below Crane Cr below Booneville Buffalo Cr Lower Island Cr
55 Figure 7. Comparison of species richness for the Redbird River from Cicerello (1995) with current study. Vertical hashmarks indicate no change at a respective site.
80 downstream 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 %change -60 -80 -100 -120 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819
Site Number
56 Figure 8. Comparison of length-frequency histograms for selected species in qualitative versus quantitative sampling in (A) Redbird River (B) South Fork Kentucky River. Qualitative data is accumulated from all sites in each river; quantitative data is accumulated from all quadrat sampling sites in each respective river.
(A) Actinonaias ligumentina
80 70 Qualitative 60 Quantitative
50 40 30
20
10 0
10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
45 Amblema plicata 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
57 Figure 8. Continued.
(B) Actinonaias ligumentina
40 Qualitative 35 Quantitative
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
Amblema plicata 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
Elliptio dilatata 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150
58 Figure 9. Length-frequency histograms of selected species in (A) Redbird River (B) South Fork Kentucky River. Data is from qualitative sampling phase of study.
(A) Actinonaias ligumentina Amblema plicata 60 60 N = 99 N = 131 50 50
40 40 30 30
Frequency 20 20
10 10
0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Elliptio dilatata Lampsilis cardium 14 8 N = 29 N = 22 7 12 6 10 5 8 4 6 3 Frequency 4 2
2 1
0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 100 110 120 130
Lampsilis siliquoidea Quadrula pustulosa 30 10 N = 54 9 N = 23 25 8 7 20 6 15 5 4
Frequency 10 3
5 2 1 0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 100
Length (mm)
59 Figure 9. Continued.
(B) Actinonaias ligumentina 100 Amblema plicata 35 N = 304 N = 111 90 30 80 12 70 25 N = 21 60 10 20 50 8 40 15 Frequency 6 30 10 20 4 5 10 2 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 100 110 120 130 140 150 100 110 120 130 140 150 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 Elliptio dilatata Fusconaia subrotunda 40 N = 126 12 35 N = 21 30 10
25 8 20 6 15 Frequency
10 4
5 2
0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Lampsilis siliquoidea Ptychobranchus fasciolaris 9 16 N = 27 8 N = 54 14 7 12 6 10 5 8 4 3 6 Frequency 2 4 1 2
0 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 100 110 120 130 140 150 Length (mm)
60 Figure 10. Mussel assemblages as identified by Cluster Analysis (A) Fatmucket – Generalist Assemblage (B) Threeridge – Spike Assemblage (C) Mucket – Medium River Assemblage
(A)
(B)
(C)
61 Figure 11. Map of mussel assemblages in South Fork Kentucky River basin
62 Figure 12. Species richness of freshwater snails of South Fork Kentucky River watershed
63 Appendices
64 Appendix 1. List of sampling locations
65 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F08EVA56KYUS 7/7/2008 Clay/Leslie R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar Redbird River confluence of Upper Jack's Creek (KSNPC Site 37.02594 -83.52809 1)
F08EVA57KYUS 7/7/2008 Clay/Leslie R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar Redbird River confluence of Spring Creek (KSNPC Site 2) 37.0617915 -83.5413176
F08EVA58KYUS 7/7/2008 Clay/Leslie R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar Redbird River below Spring Creek ~ 1km (KSNPC Site 3) 37.07008 -83.53913
F08EVA59KYUS 7/8/2008 Clay/Leslie R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar, Redbird River below Elisha Creek (KSNPC Site 4) 37.09055 -83.54956 M. Howell
F08EVA60KYUS 7/8/2008 Clay/Leslie R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar, Redbird River just above and below Sugar Creek Road 37.1166346 M. Howell (KSNPC site 6) -83.5646758
F08EVA62KYUS 7/9/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar, Redbird River above confluence of Little Gilberts Creek 37.09734 -83.55801 M. Howell (KSNPC Site 5)
F08EVA61KYUS 7/9/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar, Redbird River approximately 2 km ESE of Peabody (KSNPC 37.13169 -83.57150 M. Howell Site 7)
F08EVA63KYUS 7-9-2008 Clay R.EVANS, JMT, K TARTER, M Redbird River APPROX 2 KM ESE OF PEABODY HOWELL
F08EVA64KYUS 7/18/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K Tartar, Redbird River ~0.8 stream km upstream from Big Double 37.1407303 Sue Bruenderman, M. Howell Creek -83.5869246
F08EVA65KYUS 7/18/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, Sue Redbird River ~0.3 air km NW of Peabody, above and below 37.1413531 Bruenderman Forest Service Road 1500 bridge (KSNPC site -83.5930149 9)
6/21/2010 Page 1 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F08EVA66KYUS 7/24/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K. Tartar, Redbird River approx 1.0 air km NW of Peabody (KSNPC Site 37.1471726 R. Cicerello 10) -83.5844571
F08EVA67KYUS 7/24/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, K Tartar, Redbird River approximately 0.7 air km E of Spurlock 37.2134798 R. Cicerello (KSNPC Site 14) -83.6235429
F08EVA68KYUS 7/25/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, R. Redbird River approximately 0.8 air km E of Barcreek 37.42138 -83.85138 Cicerello
F08EVA69KYUS 7/25/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, R. Redbird River below bridge of KY 66 and Laurel Branch Rd. 37.23832 -83.645587 Cicerello (forest service road 1511) (KSNPC Site 16)
F08EVA70KYUS 7/29/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Redbird River Approximately 0.6 air km N of Bullskin Branch 37.4875 83.86111 (KSNPC site 17)
F08EVA71KYUS 7/29/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, D. Baxley Redbird River Just downstream of bend in river approximately 37.3375 -83.7008 1.8 river km upstream from the mouth (KSNPC Site 18)
F08EVA72KYUS 7/30/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, D. Baxley Redbird River just downstream of confluence of Big Creek 37.16714 83.58308 (KSNPC Site 11)
F08EVA73KYUS 7/30/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, D. Baxley Redbird River at Jacks Creek Branch (KSNPC Site 12) 37.19101 -83.59152
F08EVA74KYUS 7/30/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar, D Baxley Redbird River just below and above confluence of Dry Branch 37.20268 -83.61264 (KSNPC Site 13)
F08EVA75KYUS 8/6/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Redbird River approximately 0.9 km upstream from the 37.26352 -83.63808 mouth.(KSNPC Site 19)
6/21/2010 Page 2 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F08EVA76KYUS 8/7/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Goose Creek ~1 km SW of Oneida @ small bridge crossing 37.25989 -83.66848 (1st access past 11 N intersection)
F08EVA77KYUS 8/12/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Collins Fork Clay/Knox County line. Bridge at left on 37.02705 -83.81764 Highway 11
F08EVA80KYUS 8/12/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Collins Fork 1.46 km below Clay/Knox Co. line 37.03887 -83.81230
F08EVA81KYUS 8/12/2008 Clay R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Collins Fork 440 m above mouth of House Branch 37.07996 -83.77152
F08EVA83KYUS 8/13/2008 Owsley R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar Sexton Creek ford above Bungeon Branch confluence 37.35286 -83.89284
F08EVAB1KYUS 8/13/2008 Owsley R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar South Fork Kentucky River 800-1 km below Rocky Creek Bridge 37.33769 -83.80762
F08EVA84KYUS 8/13/2008 Owsley R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar South Fork Kentucky River at Upper Wolf Creek Road access 37.39689 -83.37221
F08EVA85KYUS 8/13/2008 Owsley R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar South Fork Kentucky River ford at mouth of Lower Wolf Creek, ~ 0.5 km 37.409475 -83.664240 south of S. Fork
F08EVA82KYUS 8/13/2008 Clay/Owsley R. Evans, J. Tiggelaar South Fork Kentucky River above ford at Clay/Owsley Co line at Road Run 37.337553 -83.687366 Branch
F08EVAA7KYUS 9/17/2008 Owsley R. Evans, S Bruenderman, B. South Fork Kentucky River upper Wolf Creek ford 37.37389 -83.67077 Marbert
6/21/2010 Page 3 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F09EVA23KYUS 6/8/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Collins Fork 1 km above mouth 37.11608 -83.75663
F09EVA24KYUS 6/9/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Collins Fork Baptist church, culvert below House Branch on 37.07920 -83.77173 right descending bank
F09EVA27KYUS 6/10/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Goose Creek Below Laurel Creek approximately. 0.8 km W of 37.21599 -83.71601 Tanksley
F09EVA25KYUS 6/10/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Redbird River below Laurel Branch (KSNPC site 16) 37.2889 -83.64540
F09EVA26KYUS 6/10/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Redbird River approximately 0.8 km above Big Double Creek 37.21599 -83.71601
F09EVA35KYUS 6/23/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Collins Fork 80 m reach above Blue Hole 37.09980 -83.75539
F09EVA37KYUS 6/23/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Sexton Creek 2.5 km SW of Chestnutburg 37.27934 -83.80640
F09EVA36KYUS 6/23/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Little Goose Creek 6.5 km west of Manchester 37.15770 -83.80770
F09EVA38KYUS 6/23/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Sexton Creek approximately 1km E of Chestnutburg 37.29334 -83.77161
F09EVA39KYUS 6/29/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Crane Creek 37.284884 -83.675456
6/21/2010 Page 4 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F09EVA40KYUS 6/29/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Sexton Creek from 50 m below first riffle to base of 2nd riffle, 37.3619494 approximately 250 m above KY 11 -83.6901701
F09EVA42KYUS 6/30/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Redbird River 1.1 air km SE of Peabody 37.1463937 -83.5917121
F09EVA41KYUS 6/30/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Redbird River approximately. 0.5 km below Elk Creek 37.15807 -83.58968
F09EVA43KYUS 6/30/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Bullskin Creek approximately 200-250 m above mouth 37.27470 -83.64391
F09EVA44KYUS 7/1/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River approximately 1 km below Rocky Bridge 37.33138 -83.66699
F09EVA45KYUS 7/1/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River below confluence with Buffalo Creek 37.35503 -83.65253
F09EVA92KYUS 7/1/2009 Clay RRE, JMH South Fork Kentucky River just below Newfound Creek 37.3375128 -83.6561085
F09EVA91KYUS 7/1/2009 Clay RRE, JMH South Fork Kentucky River approx 150 m above Newfound Creek 37.33596 -83.66869
F09EVA46KYUS 7/2/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River At Southfork, KY 37.40915 -83.66466
F09EVA48KYUS 7/7/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart, SAB South Fork Kentucky River At and below confluence of Bullskin Creek 37.273185 -83.644374
6/21/2010 Page 5 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F09EVA47KYUS 7/7/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart Goose Creek approximately 2 km west of Oneida 37.25566 -83.67065
F09EVA49KYUS 7/7/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart, SAB South Fork Kentucky River above Rocky Bridge 37.320718 -83.664312
F09EVA50KYUS 7/8/2009 Clay J. Hart, R. Evans, W. Nash, C. South Fork Kentucky River approximately 100m downstream of Buffalo 37.35186 -83.65322 Walker Creek, 2nd sequence after confluence
F09EVA51KYUS 7/8/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart, SAB, C. South Fork Kentucky River 1.49 km below Buffalo Creek 37.35696 -83.65853 Walker, W. Nash
F09EVA54KYUS 7/9/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart, W. Nash, C. South Fork Kentucky River from approximately 30 to 100 m below Cow 37.448797 -83.642993 Walker Creek
F09EVA52KYUS 7/9/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart, C. Walker, W. South Fork Kentucky River approximately 1 km below Southfork, KY 37.42358 -83.65626 Nash
F09EVA53KYUS 7/9/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart, C. Walker, W. South Fork Kentucky River at Indian Creek 37.42358 -83.65626 Nash
F09EVA55KYUS 7/10/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart, W. Nash, S. South Fork Kentucky River at Crane Creek 37.28473 -83.675527 Bishop, J. Young, C. Walker
F09EVA56KYUS 7/10/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Upper Wolf Creek bridge above and below 37.396879 -83.676834
F09EVA58KYUS 7/14/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Doe Creek above and below 37.39195 -83.68234
6/21/2010 Page 6 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F09EVA57KYUS 7/14/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart, Z. Couch South Fork Kentucky River at and below confluence of Sexton Creek 37.359109 -83.682204
F09EVA59KYUS 7/15/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Matton Creek upstream 20m 37.507678 -83.702031
F09EVA64KYUS 8/11/2009 Lee R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Lower Buffalo Creek 37.53137 -83.68710
F09EVA68KYUS 8/20/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River Elk Shoals, 3.28 km NW of Booneville 37.49786 -83.70029
F09EVA76KYUS 8/26/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River 1km SE of Booneville at Chestnut Gap Ford 37.45922 -83.65154
F09EVA75KYUS 8/26/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River above Wolf Branch 37.30305 -83.66243
F09EVA78KYUS 8/26/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River Near Trixie below bend 37.33618 -83.67250
F09EVA79KYUS 8/26/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Lower Teges Creek 37.30651 -83.66896
F09EVA74KYUS 8/26/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at Upper Teges Creek 37.29294 -83.66620
F09EVA90KYUS 8/26/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River below Rocky Creek bridge 37.28865 -83.671523
6/21/2010 Page 7 KSNPC Sampling Sites Report
Sitecode Date County Investigators Waterbody Specific Locality Lat/Long F09EVA77KYUS 8/27/2009 Clay R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River 0.75 km below Rocky Bridge 37.32896 -83.66723
F09EVA80KYUS 8/27/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River 200 m above State Road 30 at Booneville 37.47855 -83.67025
F09EVA81KYUS 8/28/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River at confluence of Fish Creek 37.77801 -83.67894
F09EVA82KYUS 9/1/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River approximately 1.6 km ESE of Conkling 37.77801 -83.67894
F09EVA84KYUS 9/1/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River 4.45 km SSE of Booneville; upstream of 37.43835 -83.66065 Bowman Creek about 1 km
F09EVA85KYUS 9/2/2009 Owsley R. Evans, J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River upstream of Bowman Creek about 0.5 km; 4.49 37.43620 -83.66826 km SSE of Booneville
F09EVA83KYUS 9/2/2009 Owsley R. Evans,J. Hart South Fork Kentucky River Above Lower Island Cr; 0.42 km ESE of 37.38132 -83.68479 Conkling
F09EVA86KYUS 9/3/2009 Owsley J. Hart, R. Evans South Fork Kentucky River 0.5 km above confluence of Fish Creek; 1.85 37.49080 -83.68463 km NNW of Booneville
6/21/2010 Page 8 Appendix 2. RBP sheets used during study.
66 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, confluence of Upper Jack's Creek (KSNPC Site 1), Clay/Leslie County, KY 7/7/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA56KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 3-4 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 14 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 12 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 80-100 meters channel flow status_all 6 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 15 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 9
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 50 run % 30 pool % 20 riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 10 50 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 90 90 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 134 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, confluence of Spring Creek (KSNPC Site 2), Clay/Leslie County, KY 7/7/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA57KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 4-5 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 12 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 18 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 9 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 13 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 10
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 10
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 10 vegetative protection_RDB 10 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 10 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 50 run % pool % 50 riparian vegetation_RDB 10 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 30 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 144 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, below Spring Creek ~ 1km (KSNPC Site 3), Clay/Leslie County, KY 7/7/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA58KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 7-10 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 14 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 15 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 9
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 10 vegetative protection_RDB 10 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 10 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 20 run % pool % 80 riparian vegetation_RDB 10 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 5 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 60 70 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 143 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, below Elisha Creek (KSNPC Site 4), Clay/Leslie County, KY 7/8/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA59KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-12 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 13 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 13 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 13 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 19 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 50 run % 30 pool % 20 riparian vegetation_RDB 8 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 50 60 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 25 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 5 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 131 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, 1 km NW of Marcum, Clay County, KY 7/8/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA60KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 8-10 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 11 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50-60 meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 9 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 9
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 10 run % 50 pool % 40 riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 40 40 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 30 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 30 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 134 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, just above and below Sugar Creek Road (KSNPC site 6), Clay County, KY 7/8/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA61KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-13 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 11 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 11 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 8 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 12 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 80-90 meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 4 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 9
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % pool % 100 riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 10 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 119 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, above confluence of Little Gilberts Creek (KSNPC Site 5), Clay County, KY 7/9/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA62KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 18-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 12 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 12 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 11 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 12 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Herbace Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % pool % 100 riparian vegetation_RDB 8 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 60 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad12 TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 12 pH 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad 11
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad 10 Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 168 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approximately 2 km ESE of Peabody (KSNPC Site 7), Clay County, KY 7/9/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA63KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 12-13 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 11 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 11 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 10 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 60 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Islands Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 9 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 7 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 5 run % 30 pool % 65 riparian vegetation_RDB 9 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 40 90 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 40 10 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 126 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approx 1.0 air km NW of Peabody (KSNPC Site 10), Clay County, KY 7/24/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA66KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-13 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 10 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Grasses Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 20 pool % 80 riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 124 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approximately 0.7 air km E of Spurlock (KSNPC Site 14), Clay County, KY 7/24/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA67KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 12-14 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 14 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 12 Hydraulic Structures beaver dam Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 14 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 20 pool % 80 riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 25 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 25 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 10 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 50 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 120 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approximately 0.8 air km E of Barcreek, Clay County, KY 7/25/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA68KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 12-14 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 14 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 8 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 7 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 13 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 8 Riparian Vegetation Forest Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 4
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 5 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 5 vegetative protection_RDB 4 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 5 run % 95 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 30 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 5 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 90 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 5 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 89 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, below bridge of KY 66 and Laurel Branch Rd. (forest service road 1511) (KSNPC Site 16), Clay County, KY 7/25/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA69KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 12-14 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 15 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 15 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 80 meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 15 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Herbace Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 25 run % 75 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 5 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 25 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 143 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approximately 0.6 air km N of Bullskin Branch (KSNPC site 17), Clay County, KY 7/29/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA70KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-12 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 16 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 11 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 6 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 10 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 60-70 meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures beaver dam Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Herbace Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 5
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 4 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 5 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % pool % 100 riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 94 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, just downstream of bend in river approximately 1.8 river km upstream from the mouth (KSNPC Site 18), Clay County, KY 7/29/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA71KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-12 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 16 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 8 Riparian Vegetation Trees Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 7 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 100 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 30 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 120 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, just downstream of confluence of Big Creek (KSNPC Site 11), Clay County, KY 7/30/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA72KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-12 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 14 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 15 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 6
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 4
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 5 run % 95 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 70 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 10 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 119 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, at Jacks Creek Branch (KSNPC Site 12), Clay County, KY 7/30/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA73KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-15 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 15 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 16 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 13 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures beaver dam Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 17 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Herbace Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 10 run % 90 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 80 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 136 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, just below and above confluence of Dry Branch (KSNPC Site 13), Clay County, KY 7/30/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA74KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-12 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 12 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 13 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 8 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 100 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 25 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 25 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 115 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approximately 0.9 km upstream from the mouth.(KSNPC Site 19), Clay County, KY 8/6/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA75KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 8-10 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 11 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 6 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 5 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 10 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Herbace Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 5
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 4 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 2 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 100 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 60 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 10 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 79 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Goose Creek, ~1 km SW of Oneida @ small bridge crossing (1st access past 11 N intersection), Clay County, KY 8/7/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA76KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 5-7 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 9 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 0-25% cm 2 embeddedness 11 periphyton 2 Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 11 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris 0-25% Est Reach Length 60 meters channel flow status_all 13 % total woody debris 0-25% Undercut Banks n channel alteration_all 14 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 2 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 13 Riparian Vegetation Old field/Trees Avg. Sinuosity 2 bank stability_LDB 12
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 12 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 13 vegetative protection_RDB 13 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 70 run % 30 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 35 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 50 45 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 131 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Collins Fork, Clay/Knox County line. Bridge at left on Highway 11, Clay County, KY 8/12/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA77KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 3-4 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 9 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 6 periphyton 1 Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 8 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50 meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris 0-25% Undercut Banks y channel alteration_all 10 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 1 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 6 Riparian Vegetation Old field Avg. Sinuosity 2 bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 9 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag 40 cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 10 run % 85 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 30 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 106 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Collins Fork, below and just above mouth of Disappointment Creek, Knox County, KY 8/12/2008
Sitecode: F08EVA79KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 3-4 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 4 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 0-25% cm 2 embeddedness 4 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 4 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 5 % large woody debris 0-25% Est Reach Length 40 meters channel flow status_all 14 % total woody debris Undercut Banks y channel alteration_all 3 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 1 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 4 Riparian Vegetation Old field Avg. Sinuosity 1 bank stability_LDB 5
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 4 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 13 vegetative protection_RDB 13 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 10 run % pool % 90 riparian vegetation_RDB 12 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 50 60 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 20 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 89 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Collins Fork, 1 km above mouth, Clay County, KY 6/8/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA23KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 5 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 4 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 50-100 cm 2 embeddedness 3 periphyton Avg Velocity 15-30 ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 1 % aquatic vegetation Discharge 122 sediment deposition_hgrad 2 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 10m meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 15 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 1 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 6
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 8
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 5 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % pool % 100 riparian vegetation_RDB 8 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 50 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 50 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 79 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Collins Fork, Baptist church, culvert below House Branch on right descending bank, Clay County, KY 6/9/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA24KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 5-7 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 10-60 cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 150 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 15 Hydraulic Structures Cobblebars Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 8
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 7 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 35 run % 60 pool % 5 riparian vegetation_RDB 8 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 30 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 40 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 139 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Goose Creek, Below Laurel Creek approximately. 0.8 km W of Tanksley, Clay County, KY 6/10/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA27KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 5-8 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 20-60 cm 2 embeddedness 13 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 10 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 10 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50-60m meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 14 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 20 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 6
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 5 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 5 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 119 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Collins Fork, 80 m reach above Blue Hole, Clay County, KY 6/23/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA35KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 4-5 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 16 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 20-60 cm 2 embeddedness 12 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 11 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 80 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 15 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 20 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 4
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 4
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 60 run % 40 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 90 60 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 118 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Little Goose Creek, 6.5 km west of Manchester, Clay County, KY 6/23/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA36KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 7 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 6 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 25-75 cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 12 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 25 meters channel flow status_all 9 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 12 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 4
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 3 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 3 vegetative protection_RDB 4 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 2 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 60 run % 30 pool % 10 riparian vegetation_RDB 3 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 70 60 70 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 30 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 84 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Sexton Creek, 2.5 km SW of Chestnutburg, Clay County, KY 6/23/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA37KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 8-9 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 15 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 20-50 cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 13 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 14 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 14 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrub Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 6
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 7
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 5 vegetative protection_RDB 6 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 80 run % 10 pool % 10 riparian vegetation_RDB 3 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 40 30 80 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 60 70 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 117 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Sexton Creek, approximately 1km E of Chestnutburg, Clay County, KY 6/23/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA38KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 8-9 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 30 cm 2 embeddedness 17 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 7 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 18 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 16
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 15
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 16 vegetative protection_RDB 16 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 3 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 20 run % 80 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 90 90 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 161 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Sexton Creek, from 50 m below first riffle to base of 2nd riffle, approximately 250 m above KY 11, Clay County, KY 6/29/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA40KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 8-9 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 12 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 25-50% 10-70 cm 2 embeddedness 6 periphyton 1 Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 15 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris 25-50% Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 14 % total woody debris Undercut Banks n channel alteration_all 14 Hydraulic Structures LWD and cobble bars Avg. Gradient 1 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 15 Riparian Vegetation Old field/Trees Avg. Sinuosity 3 bank stability_LDB 2
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 3 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 2 vegetative protection_RDB 2 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 30 run % 40 pool % 30 riparian vegetation_RDB 3 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 10 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 50 60 60 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 20 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 91 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, approximately. 0.5 km below Elk Creek, Clay County, KY 6/30/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA41KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-11 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 16 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 30-60 cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 6 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 15 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Forest/Pasture/Graz Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 9 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 7 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % pool % 100 riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 119 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Redbird River, 1.1 air km SE of Peabody, Clay County, KY 6/30/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA42KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 10-13 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 9 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 6 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 8 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 5 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 8 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 5
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 6
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 20 run % 30 pool % 50 riparian vegetation_RDB 10 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) ? Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 95 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 5 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 20 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 101 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, approximately 1 km below Rocky Bridge, Clay County, KY 7/1/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA44KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 12m meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 17 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-4 ft cm 2 embeddedness 18 periphyton Avg Velocity 1-2 ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 16 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 15 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50 meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Row Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 17 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 7 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 50 run % 50 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 10 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 10 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 25 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 25 30 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 144 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, At Southfork, KY, Clay County, KY 7/2/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA46KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 20-25 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 15 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 100 cm 2 embeddedness 12 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 19 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 75 meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 18 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 6 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 50 run % 30 pool % 20 riparian vegetation_RDB 9 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 40 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 10 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 142 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: Goose Creek, approximately 2 km west of Oneida, Clay County, KY 7/7/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA47KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 7-10 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 11 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 7 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 11 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 75 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 14 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 11 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 7
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 90 pool % 10 riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 50 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 50 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 5 10 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 5 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 106 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, At and below confluence of Bullskin Creek, Clay County, KY 7/7/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA48KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 13-15 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 14 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-5ft cm 2 embeddedness 13 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 15 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 10 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 100 meters channel flow status_all 9 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 11 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Herbaceaous Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 5
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 5 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 3 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 40 run % 30 pool % 30 riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 10 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 50 30 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 60 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 99 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, approximately 100m downstream of Buffalo Creek, 2nd sequence after confluence, Clay County, KY 7/8/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA50KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 16 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 14 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 19 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 15 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 19 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 18 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 8
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 20 run % 20 pool % 60 riparian vegetation_RDB 10 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 10 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 40 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 20 30 20 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 20 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 153 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, from approximatelyimately 30 to 100 m below Cow Creek, Clay County, KY 7/9/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA54KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 5 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-4 ft cm 2 embeddedness 7 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 7 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 8 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 70 meters channel flow status_all 7 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 6 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 1
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 2
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 2 vegetative protection_RDB 1 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 7 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 30 run % 60 pool % 10 riparian vegetation_RDB 2 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 40 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 60 50 50 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 57 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Crane Creek, Owsley County, KY 7/10/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA55KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 17-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 15 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 17 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 15 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 16 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 10 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 6
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 6
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 6 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 10 run % 70 pool % 20 riparian vegetation_RDB 6 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 40 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 40 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 128 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Upper Wolf Creek bridge above and below, Clay County, KY 7/10/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA56KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 20-23 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 12 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-8ft cm 2 embeddedness 10 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 4 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 80 meters channel flow status_all 7 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 7 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation Grasses Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 2
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 2
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 3 vegetative protection_RDB 2 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 2 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 10 run % 40 pool % 50 riparian vegetation_RDB 2 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 50 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 50 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 10 10 30 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 62 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at and below confluence of Sexton Creek , Owsley County, KY 7/14/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA57KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 11 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 10-150 cm 2 embeddedness 5 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 11 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 5 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 12 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 8
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 40 run % 55 pool % 5 riparian vegetation_RDB 9 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 33 40 50 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 33 30 50 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 33 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 114 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Doe Creek above and below, Owsley County, KY 7/14/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA58KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 15 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-4ft cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 16 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 15 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 100 meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Grasses Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 6
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 40 run % 50 pool % 10 riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 40 50 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 30 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 30 20 10 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 132 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Matton Creek upstream 20m, Lee County, KY 7/15/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA59KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-17 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 14 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 10-90 cm 2 embeddedness 13 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 13 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 30 meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures None Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation trees/grasses Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 5 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 5 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 10 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 100 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 6 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 20 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 111 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Lower Buffalo Creek, Lee County, KY 8/11/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA64KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 12 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 0-25% 20-70 cm 2 embeddedness 10 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 10 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 7 % large woody debris 0-25% Est Reach Length 80 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks y channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Cobblebars Avg. Gradient 2 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Old field/Trees Avg. Sinuosity 2 bank stability_LDB 4
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 4 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 40 run % 60 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 6 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 40 40 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 109 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, Elk Shoals, 3.28 km NW of Booneville, Owsley County, KY 8/20/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA68KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 25 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 16 % aquatic vegetation 25-50% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 100 meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks y channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Cobblebars Avg. Gradient 3 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 12 Riparian Vegetation Old field/Trees Avg. Sinuosity 2 bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag 50 cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 40 run % 55 pool % 5 riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 30 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 60 40 40 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 138 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Upper Teges Creek, Clay County, KY 8/26/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA74KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 20-22 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 14 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 0-25% 10-18 cm 2 embeddedness 12 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 16 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris 0-25% Est Reach Length ? meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks n channel alteration_all 15 Hydraulic Structures Cobblebars Avg. Gradient 2 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 18 Riparian Vegetation Old Avg. Sinuosity 1 bank stability_LDB 14
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 15 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 7 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 90 run % 10 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 8 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 15 15 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 45 45 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 20 20 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 153 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, above Wolf Branch, Clay County, KY 8/26/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA75KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 22 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 16 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 15 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 15 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 17 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 9
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 50 run % pool % 50 riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 148 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, 1km SE of Booneville at Chestnut Gap Ford, Owsley County, KY 8/26/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA76KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 9 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-5ft cm 2 embeddedness 9 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 12 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 9 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50m meters channel flow status_all 17 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 13 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 13 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 3
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 2
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 6 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 3 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 30 run % 70 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 3 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 50 40 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 96 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, 0.75 km below Rocky Bridge, Clay County, KY 8/27/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA77KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 17-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 11 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-4 ft cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 13 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 7 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 70 meters channel flow status_all 15 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures Forest/Pasture/Graz Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 15 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 5
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 8 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 30 run % 70 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 20 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 40 10 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 30 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 118 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, Near Trixie below bend, Clay County, KY 8/26/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA78KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 17 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 9 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 18 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 17 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 6
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 9
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 9 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 10 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 70 run % 30 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 6 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 5 5 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 25 25 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 50 50 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 10 10 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 143 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at Lower Teges Creek, Clay County, KY 8/26/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA79KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 18-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 12 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-3 ft cm 2 embeddedness 9 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 13 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 11 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 150 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 16 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 7
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 6 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 7 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 40 run % 50 pool % 10 riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 50 50 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 30 40 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 117 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, 200 m above State Road 30 at Booneville, Owsley County, KY 8/27/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA80KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 18-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 4 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-4ft cm 2 embeddedness 8 periphyton Avg Velocity 1-5 ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 6 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 1 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 50 meters channel flow status_all 9 % total woody debris Undercut Banks y channel alteration_all 11 Hydraulic Structures Bridge Abutments Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 7 Riparian Vegetation Trees Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 2
Canopy Density 0-25 bank stability_RDB 5 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 5 vegetative protection_RDB 5 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 2 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 30 run % 70 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 10 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 50 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 40 60 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) 10 pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 65 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, at confluence of Fish Creek, Owsley County, KY 8/28/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA81KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 18-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths cm 2 embeddedness 15 periphyton Avg Velocity ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 14 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 14 % large woody debris Est Reach Length meters channel flow status_all 18 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 19 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 5
Canopy Density bank stability_RDB 6
Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 6 vegetative protection_RDB 7 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 9 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % 80 run % 20 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 7 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 20 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 10 10 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 60 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 40 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 136 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, Above Lower Island Cr; 0.42 km ESE of Conkling, Owsley County, KY 9/2/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA83KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 18-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 18 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 0-25% 1-4ft cm 2 embeddedness 17 periphyton Avg Velocity .5 ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 10 % aquatic vegetation 0-25% Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 17 % large woody debris 0-25% Est Reach Length 70 meters channel flow status_all 19 % total woody debris 0-25% Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 19 Hydraulic Structures roadside Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 16 Riparian Vegetation Trees/Shrubs/ Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 8 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 5 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 50 pool % 50 riparian vegetation_RDB 9 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 20 20 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 30 30 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 146 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, 4.45 km SSE of Booneville; upstream of Bowman Creek about 1 km, Owsley County, KY 9/1/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA84KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 5 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-4ft cm 2 embeddedness 4 periphyton Avg Velocity .2 ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 2 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 5 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 40 meters channel flow status_all 12 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 12 Hydraulic Structures Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 12 Riparian Vegetation Trees Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 8
Canopy Density 25-50 bank stability_RDB 7 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 8 vegetative protection_RDB 6 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 10 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 100 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 4 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 50 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 20 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 20 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 90 KSNPC - Habitat Assessment Form (as modified from KY DOW) Site: South Fork Kentucky River, upstream of Bowman Creek about 0.5 km; 4.49 km SSE of Booneville, Owsley County, KY 9/2/2009
Sitecode: F09EVA85KYUS High Gradient Stream - RBP Stream Width 15-20 meters 1 epifaunal substrate_riffle/run 16 Woody Debris, Etc. Range of Depths 1-3ft cm 2 embeddedness 16 periphyton Avg Velocity 1-2 ft/s 3 velocity depth regime_hgrad 7 % aquatic vegetation Discharge sediment deposition_hgrad 18 % large woody debris Est Reach Length 150 meters channel flow status_all 16 % total woody debris Undercut Banks channel alteration_all 19 Hydraulic Structures row crops Avg. Gradient 4 freq riffles_bends_hgrad 18 Riparian Vegetation trees/grasses Avg. Sinuosity bank stability_LDB 9
Canopy Density 50-75 bank stability_RDB 7 Flow at thalwag vegetative protection_LDB 9 vegetative protection_RDB 8 Depth at thalwag cm riparian vegetation_LDB 10 Temperature degrees C Substrates riffle % run % 100 pool % riparian vegetation_RDB 5 Conductivity mg/L silt/clay (<0.06 mm) 30 Dissolved sand (0.06-2mm) 10 Low Gradient Stream - RBP oxygen mV mg/L 3 gravel (2-64 mm) 30 1 epifaunal substrate_glide-pool_Lgrad TDS millisiemens/cm cobble (64-256 mm) 2 pH 30 pool substrate character_Lgrad ORP boulder (> 256 mm) pool variability_Lgrad
Total Hardness mg/L bedrock 4 channel sinuosity_Lgrad Calcium mg/L Alkalinity mg/L habitat score 142 Appendix 3. Photos of sites from study
67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
79 80 81
82 83
84
85 86
87
88
View publication stats