. "Good afternoon. We’re near the end of a frenetic campaign”: A Dialogue of Discourse Historical Approach and Cultural Studies on PM ’s Speech on

Junaidi Linguistics Department, Faculty of Humanities Universitas Indonesia Abstract Code: ABS-ICOLLITE-20253 Introduction

• 23 January 2013: Bloomberg speech --- new role in the EU • The years 2015 and 2016 = the rise of global insecurities and uncertainties, new answers promised by the rising parties and movements like right-wing and left-wing populist as well as extremist parties (Grabbe: 2014; Wodak: 2015, 2016; Wehling et al: 2015). • 21 June 2016: Cameron’s speech • 23 June 2016: Brexit (British Exit from the EU) • Research question: “How is the British national identity is constructed discursively in this political speech?”. Literature Review

• Wodak, R., De Cillia, R., Reisigl, M. & Liebhart, K. (2009 [1999])The discursive construction of national identities. Edinburgh: EUP (2nd revised edition). • Wodak, Ruth Emily (2016) "We have the character of an island nation":a discourse-historical analysis of David Cameron's "Bloomberg Speech" on the . Working Paper. European University Institute • Buckledee, S. (2018) The Language of Brexit: How Britain Talked Its Way Out of the European Union. London: Bloomsbury • Koller, V. (Ed.), Kopf, S. (Ed.), Miglbauer, M. (Ed.). (2019). Discourses of Brexit. London: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351041867 Method

• Data: PM David Cameron’s speech on 24 June 2016 in Independent newspapers. • Aims: o Reconstruct discursive construction of British national identity o Explore language and national identity • Discourse Historical Approach and Cultural Studies o Discourse Historical Approach: content, discursive strategies, linguistics realization (step 1) o Cultural studies: national identity (step 2) Findings & Discussion

• Macro-topics: discourses: (1) Brexit campaign discourse and polarization of opinion about Brexit, (2) globalization discourse, (3) generation discourse, (4) economic security in the EU, (5) neo-liberal discourse with its free-market, (6) values in Europe discourse, and (7) discourse of British national identity. consequences, worries, fears, and hopes for the future of the UK in the EU, focuses more on the economic aspect Cameron defined the UK more as an economic partner of the EU than a political one Findings & Discussion

• Discursive strategies o Nomination strategy which is used to construct social actors, objects/phenomena/events, and processes/actions in the speech both positively and negatively. o Predication strategy also implies opportunities and threats. o The assimilation strategy aims to create temporal, interpersonal, or spatial concerning various thematic dimensions discussed above --“we”, “our”, “your prime minister”, “us” o Dissimilation strategy; on the contrary, is used to create the opposite– The French o perspectivization strategy to position his perspective through statements, assumptions, and/or interdiscursivity – topos of responsibility o Argumentative structure: UK in EU (opportunities & threat)---threats, can be avoided -- remain • Linguistic realization Using pronoun and possessive adjectives like “we”, “us”, “our”, “you”, and “your”, PM David Cameron constructed British national identity. Conclusion

• Different discourses, sequence of macro-topics, discursive strategies, and linguistic realization used to create solidarity, unity and belonging in the UK • This discursive national identity is constructed personally and emotionally to win the vote in the Referendum: Remain in Europe • In constructing national identity the political context and historical past are used to convince the voters. References

• Adler-Nissen , R , Galpin , C & Rosamond , B 2017 , ' Performing Brexit : How a Post-Brexit World is Imagined Outside the UK ' , British Journal of Politics and International Relations, vol. 19 , no. 3 , 11 , pp. 573-591 . https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117711092 (2017) • Anderson, B (1983) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso • Barker, C and Galasinski, D (2001) Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis: A Dialogue on Language and Identity, London and Thousand Oaks: Sage • Beck, U. (2000) What is Globalization? Malden, MA: Polity. • Benjamin, D. C & Yannis, S (2017) Distinctions and Articulations: A Discourse Theoretical Framework for the Study of Populism and Nationalism, Javnost - The Public, 24:4, 301-319, DOI: 10.1080/13183222.2017.1330083 • Hall, S. (1996) ‘who needs identity?’, in Hall, S. and du Gay, P., Questions of Cultural Identity, London: Sage • Koller, V. (Ed.), Kopf, S. (Ed.), Miglbauer, M. (Ed.). (2019). Discourses of Brexit. London: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351041867 • Leung, R.C (2019) Analysis of the UK Prime Ministerial Discourse on Brexit:Thematic Choices and Their Implications” in Discourse and Interaction; Vol 11, No 2 (2018); 45-64 ; 1805-952X ; 1802-9930 • Lilleker, D.G, and Bonacci, D (2017) The Structure of Political E-expression: What the Brexit Campaign can Teach Us about Political Talk on Facebook, International Journal of Digital Television, Volume 8, Issue 3, 1 November 2017, hal. 335-350 • Wodak, Ruth Emily (2016) "We have the character of an island nation":a discourse-historical analysis of David Cameron's "Bloomberg Speech" on the European Union. Working Paper. European University Institute. • Open Knowledge Maps (2019). Overview of research on Brexit discourse analysis. Retrieved from https://openknowledgemaps.org/map/19456368ef6161275cfd68940cb5ec09/ [07 Mar 2019].