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Eksistensi Dan Perlindungan Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Hak Cipta

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Eksistensi Dan Perlindungan Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Hak Cipta Jurnal Law Reform Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Volume 12, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro EKSISTENSI DAN PERLINDUNGAN WAYANG ORANG SRIWEDARI SURAKARTA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK HUKUM HAK CIPTA Maharsidewi Kusharyani1, Budi Santoso2, Fifiana Wisnaeni3 Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro [email protected] ABSTRAK Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta merupakan salah satu pertunjukan kesenian budaya yang harus dilestarikan dan dilindungi. Wayang Orang Sriwedari adalah ekspresi budaya tradisional atau folklor yang berhak mendapat perlindungan Hak Cipta. Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta dapat dilindungi apabila pertunjukan tersebut masih tetap eksis Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis eksistensi dan perlindungan Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta ditinjau dari hukum Hak Cipta dan untuk mengetahui peran dan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Surakarta untuk melestarikan dan melindungi Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris yaitu meneliti data sekunder terlebih dahulu untuk kemudian meneliti data primer di lapangan. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis yaitu data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan, disusun, dijelaskan dan dianalisis. Hasil penelitian mengajukan bahwa Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta hingga saat ini masih dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya di tengah-tengah masyarakat sebagai salah tontonan pertunjukan tradisional yang masih diminati masyarakat. Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta sebagai ekspresi budaya tradisional atau folklor berhak memperoleh perlindungan hukum Hak Cipta. Unsur-unsur yang ada dalam Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta yang dapat dilindungi Hak Cipta adalah berupa folklor lisan atau tulisan, musik, gerak atau tari, teater, sandiwara, pertunjukan. Peran dan upaya Pemerintah Kota Surakarta dalam melestarikan Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta adalah dengan mengangkat pemain Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan melakukan regenerasi pemain dengan membuka rekruitmen pemain baru. Kata Kunci : Eksistensi; Hak Cipta; Perlindungan Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta 1 Mahasiswa Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum UNDIP 2 Penulis Kedua, Penulis Koresponden 3 Penulis Ketiga 60 Jurnal Law Reform Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Volume 12, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro Pendahuluan harus memperhatikan nilai-nilai yang hidup dalam Indonesia adalah negara yang terdiri dari masyarakat pengembannya. beberapa pulau yang di dalamnya terdapat Ekspresi budaya tradisional, sesuai dengan berbagai macam suku dan budaya. Hasil karya seni Penjelasan Pasal 38 Ayat 1 UU Nomor 28 Tahun budaya tersebut harus senantiasa dilestarikan dan 2014, yaitu mencakup salah satu atau kombinasi dilindungi mengingat perkembangan globalisasi bentuk ekspresi sebagai berikut, verbal tekstual, dunia. Salah satu hasil kreasi seni budaya baik lisan maupun tulisan, yang berbentuk prosa masyarakat Indonesia adalah kesenian tari wayang maupun puisi, dalam berbagau tema dan orang Sriwedari Surakarta. Wayang Orang kandungan isi pesan, yang dapat berupa karya Sriwedari Surakarta adalah sebuah kesenian yang sastra ataupun narasi informatif; musik, mencakup memadukan antara tarian, drama, dan koreografi. antara lain, vokal, instrumental, atau kombinasinya; Wayang orang diperankan oleh manusia dan gerak, mencakup antara lain, tarian; teater, mengambil cerita yang berasal dari Ramayana dan mencakup antara lain, pertunjukan wayang dan Mahabarata sebagai induk ceritanya. Wayang sandiwara rakyat; seni rupa, baik dalam bentuk dua Orang Sriwedari menjadi obyek penelitian karena dimensi maupun tiga dimensi yang terbuat dari eksistensinya hingga saat ini di tengah modernisasi berbagai macam bahan seperti kulit, kayu, bambu, zaman. logam, batu, keramik, kertas, tekstil dan lain-lain Upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam atau kombinasiya; dan upacara adat. melindungi seni budaya Indonesia salah satunya Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta dengan diundangkannya UU No. 28 Tahun 2014 merupakan salah satu kesenian budaya yang Tentang Hak Cipta, di mana kesenian budaya dilindungi oleh Pemerintah. Dalam hal ini, menjadi salah satu yang dilindungi oleh rezim Hak Pemerintah Surakarta memiliki peran yang besar Cipta. Wayang Orang Sriwedari Surakarta dalam melestarikan kesenian Wayang Orang merupakan salah satu kesenian budaya berupa Sriwedari. Sejarahnya, Wayang Orang Sriwedari folklor atau dalam UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 pernah mengalami pasang dan surut dalam disebut sebagai ekspresi budaya tradisional yang menyelenggarakan pertunjukan bahkan pernah dilindungi dan dimiliki oleh Negara sesuai dengan hampir dilupakan oleh masyarakat. Namun, berkat Pasal 38 UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak kegigihan Pemerintah Surakarta dalam Cipta. Pasal tersebut menjelaskan bahwa hak cipta melestarikan kesenian tersebut, pada saat ini atas ekspresi budaya tradisional dipegang oleh kesenian Wayang Orang Sriwedari hidup kembali. negara dan negara wajib menginventarisasi, Jurnal ini akan mengkaji permasalahan menjaga dan memelihara ekspresi budaya mengenai eksistensi perlindungan kesenian tradisional tersebut serta dalam penggunaannya Wayang Orang Sriwedari yang dikaji melalui 61 Jurnal Law Reform Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Volume 12, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro perlindungan hukum Hak Cipta, serta peran dan 1. Periodisasi Eksistensi Wayang Orang upaya pemerintah Surakarta dalam melestarikan Sriwedari Surakarta kesenian Wayang Orang Sriwedari. Uraian Periodisasi Eksistensi Wayang Orang permasalahan tersebut akan dikaji menggunakan Sriwedari Surakarta dapat dibagi sebagai berikut : Teori Reward (Reward Theory) dan Teori Hukum a. Di Bawah Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta Utilitarian sebagai pisau analisis. (1901-1946) Periodisasi eksistensi Wayang Orang Metode Penelitian Sriwedari dimulai dari tahun 1901 yaitu tahun Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam berdirinya taman hiburan Sriwedari atau Kebon jurnal ini adalah metode pendekatan penelitian Raja dan diakhiri pada tahun 1946 yaitu periode yuridis empiris, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan akhir keberadan Wayang Orang Sriwedari di bawah untuk memperoleh pengetahuan empiris dengan penguasaan keraton karena hak-hak istimewa para jalan terjun langsung ke lapangan mengenai segala raja Surakarta di luar tembok istana secara resmi sesuatu yang terkait dengan bagaimana upaya dihapus oleh pemerintah pada tanggal 1 Juni 19464 perlindungan hukum Wayang Orang Sriwedari Wayang Orang Sriwedari mulai mengadakan dilihat dari aspek hukum hak cipta di Indonesia dan pentas secara tetap di taman Sriwedari sejak tahun bagaimana upaya pemerintah kota Surakarta untuk 1911. 5 Pada waktu itu grup wayang orang melestarikan Wayang Orang Sriwedari. Selain itu, dinamakan Persatuan Wayang Wong Sriwedari. penelitian ini menggunakan spesifikasi penelitian Dari segi tata pentas, awalnya Wayang Orang deskriptif analitis, dengan menggunakan jenis data Sriwedari diadakan di panggung terbuka dengan primer dan data sekunder, metode pengumpulan penonton berdiri di segala penjuru panggung data melalui teknik wawancara dan studi dengan membayar tiket masuk ke dalam Taman kepustakaan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan Sriwedari, kemudian berkembang dengan dibangun adalah dengan memaparkan untuk kemudian panggung prosenium secara permanen. Bentuk disajikan secara kualitatif dalam bentuk jurnal panggung prosenium merupakan bentuk ilmiah. Sistematika penulisan jurnal ini adalah transformasi dan adaptasi tata teknik pentas model pendahuluan, metode penelitian, pembahasan, Eropa. saran dan simpulan serta daftar pustaka. Perkembangan Wayang Orang Sriwedari pada periode ini sangat bergantung dengan situasi Pembahasan A. Eksistensi dan Perlindungan Hukum Wayang 4 M.C. Ricklefs, Sejarah Indonesia Modern, (Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1991), hlm. 335. Orang Sriwedari Surakarta Dalam Hukum 5 S. Haryanto, Pratiwimba Adhiluhung Sejarah dan Perkembangan Wayang, (Jakarta: Jambatan, 1988), Hak Cipta hlm. 86. 62 Jurnal Law Reform Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Volume 12, Nomor 1, Tahun 2016 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Diponegoro ekonomi dan politik saat itu mengingat Indonesia ekonomi dan politik negara seperti inflasi, sedang melawan penjajah. Konflik bersenjata pada perubahaan keadaan politik dari Orde Lama saat perang berpengaruh pada pertunjukan menjadi Orde Baru. Saat itu, Wayang Orang Wayang Orang Sriwedari. pertunjukan Wayang Sriwedari mengalami kemunduran akibat dari Orang Sriwedari diizinkan sampai pukul 23.00 dan gagalnya regenerasi pemain dan perkembangan disertai sensor skenario serta sinopsis dari teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan yang tidak pemerintah kolonial Jepang. memberi manfaat pada seni pertunjukan tradisional. b. Di Bawah Dinas Pendapatan Daerah c. Di Bawah Dinas Pariwisata Kotamadya Kotamadya Surakarta (1946-1980) Surakarta (1980-1991) Adanya perubahan sistem pemerintahan dari Pada periode ini, Wayang Orang Sriwedari penguasaan keraton ke penguasaan negara dikelola oleh Seksi Objek Wisata dan Pramuwisata Indoneia membawa konsekuensi terhadap Khusus. Tanggung jawab Dinas Pariwisata meliputi keberadaan Wayang Orang Sriwedari dan para dukungan dana pembiayaan produksi, gaji seluruh anak wayang atau pemain wayang orang. Pada pemain dan staf wayang orang dan biaya periode ini, status abdi dalem sebagai pegawai pemeliharaan gedung beserta seluruh fasilitasnya. keraton dialihfungsikan ke status pegawai Peningkatan seni Wayang Orang Sriwedari pemerintah
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