Universidade Federal Do Paraná Setor De Ciências Biológicas Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação

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Universidade Federal Do Paraná Setor De Ciências Biológicas Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Conservação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ SETOR DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO JENYFFER VIERHELLER VIEIRA EFEITOS DOS DISTÚRBIOS ANTRÓPICOS ASSOCIADOS AO USO RECREATIVO NA FAUNA DE PRAIAS: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA O MANEJO E CONSERVAÇÃO CURITIBA 2015 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ SETOR DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAÇÃO JENYFFER VIERHELLER VIEIRA EFEITOS DOS DISTÚRBIOS ANTRÓPICOS ASSOCIADOS AO USO RECREATIVO NA FAUNA DE PRAIAS: IMPLICAÇÕES PARA O MANEJO E CONSERVAÇÃO Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Doutora em Ecologia e Conservação. Orientador: Dr. Carlos Alberto Borzone CURITIBA 2015 “Descobri como é bom chegar quando se tem paciência. E para se chegar, onde quer que seja, aprendi que não é preciso dominar a força, mas a razão. É preciso antes de mais nada, QUERER.” (Amyr Klink) Agradecimentos Agradeço a minha família (especialmente mãe e irmãos) por compreenderem a minha ausência e, principalmente, por aguentarem meus momentos de „loucura‟ na reta final da redação da tese. Sou grata a vocês pelo incentivo, interesse no meu trabalho e apoio incondicional! Ao Fabiano, meu amigo, companheiro, terapeuta, „co-orientador‟, etc. Sou imensuravelmente grata à você pelo seu constante apoio, carinho, inúmeras discussões ecológicas e, em especial, a paciência nos últimos meses do doutorado. Obrigada por acreditar no meu potencial e me animar naqueles momentos em que os pensamentos negativos dominavam. Ao Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Borzone por estar sempre disponível a ajudar, pela confiança, orientação e por compartilhar comigo seu vasto conhecimento acerca da ecologia de praias arenosas. Agradeço as oportunidades profissionais e pessoais oferecidas a mim ao longo destes 4 anos de doutorado, em particular às práticas docentes junto ao curso de Oceanografia – CEM, doutorado sanduíche e momentos compartilhados no território espanhol. Muito obrigada por tudo! A Profa. Dra. Valéria Gomes Veloso, cuja trajetória foi infelizmente interrompida, os meus mais sinceros agradecimentos pela oportunidade da realização do doutorado sanduíche, pelos ensinamentos e estusiasmo que colaboraram significativamente para a minha formação profissional. Ao Prof. Dr. José Francisco García García pela orientação do estágio no exterior. Obrigada por abrir as portas do seu laboratório e da sua casa. Também agradeço aos momentos de lazer compartilhados junto à sua família nas terras espanholas e portuguesas. Às amigas irmãs Cynthia (Cy) e Michele (Mel), mesmo estando longe e não entendendo muito o que faço, sempre se preocuparam comigo e apoiaram minhas decisões. Obrigada por terem tido paciência de escutar minhas angústias, entenderem minha ausência e por proporcionarem momentos únicos de descontração. Às amigas Luciana (Lu) e Bárbara (Ba) pela amizade verdadeira, pelos sábios conselhos, pelas longas conversas presenciais e ao telefone. Obrigada por sempre me incentivarem a seguir meus sonhos e não me deixarem desanimar. Aos companheiros do laboratório de Ecologia de Praias: Ana Luiza Gandara-Martins, Larissa Regina Pinto, Pablo Damian Borges Guilherme, Priscilla Lucena de Oliveira e Angélica Xavier de Miranda Ribas Vianna agradeço de coração as conversas e discussões científicas, as festas e churrascos, ótimos cafés, risadas, choros e angústias compartilhadas. Por entenderem meus momentos de „reflexão‟, minhas constantes „pirações‟ e meu jeito metódico de ser. As companheiras espanholas Maria del Carmen Ruiz Delgado e Maria José Reyes Martínez sou grata primeiramente à amizade. Obrigada por tornarem minha estadia em Sevilla agradável e proveitosa. Agradeço a valiosa parceria profissional estabelecida a partir de 2012 quando ambas cruzaram o Atlântico para iniciarmos o trabalho de limpeza das praias paranaenses. À companheira Helena Gomez Alvarez pela hospitalidade e por compartilhar seu apartamento durante minha estadia em Sevilla. A todos que auxiliaram no trabalho de campo: Fabiano, Borzone, Luciana, Larissa, Pablo, Maristela, Barbara, Angélica, Ana Luiza, Marta Sixto, Ana Emília, Pepe, Marcela, Yuli. Sem dúvida, o esforço de vocês foi crucial para a execução desta tese. Aos docentes do PPGECO, em especial Dr. Luís Fernando Fávaro, Dr. André Andrian Padial, Dr. Maurício Oswaldo Moura e Dra. Rosana Moreira da Rocha, pelos ensinamentos em bancas examinadoras durante o período do doutorado (prova de seleção, simpósios organizados pelo PPGECO e prova de qualificação). Aos Profs. Dr. José Roberto Botelho de Souza (UFPE), Dr. Alexander Turra (IO-USP), Dra. Yara Aparecida Garcia Tavares (FAFIPAR) e Dra. Carla Penna Ozório (UFRGS) por aceitarem participar da banca examidora desta tese e pelas valiosas contribuições e sugestões. Ao Prof. Dr. Omar Defeo pela paciência, conhecimento científico compartilhado e pela revisão e sugestões ao capítulo 1 desta tese. Ao Prof. Dr. Maurício Camargo e Dr. Leonardo Sandrini pela valiosa ajuda nas inúmeras dúvidas estatísticas. Aos taxonomistas Dr. Angélico Asenjo e Dr. Janael Ricetti pelo auxílio na identificação dos coleópteros e aranhas, respectivamente. Ao Pablo e Fabiano pela elaboração dos mapas das áreas de estudo. Ao Laboratório de Oceanografia Geológica (Prof. Dr. Marcelo Lamour, Ghisi e Pâmela) pelas análises sedimentológicas. Ao Centro de Estudos do Mar pela infra-estrutura disponibilizada à execução desta tese; Aos motoristas, em especial Alexandre, Agnaldo e „Fumaça‟, que sempre foram muito atenciosos e por vezes, colocaram o pé na areia também. À Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) pela concessão das bolsas de doutorado no país, e no exterior, através do Projeto de Cooperação Internacional (Brasil/Espanha - Capes DGU n° 206/09), fundamentais a realização dete trabalho. GRATIDÃO! Sumário Resumo .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Introdução geral ............................................................................................................................ 5 Referências .............................................................................................................................. 14 Capítulo 1. Temporal responses of ghost crab Ocypode quadrata Fabricius, 1787 to recreational pressure in a subtropical sandy beach in southern Brazil ............................................................ 19 1.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 19 1.2. Materials and methods ......................................................................................................... 22 1.2.1. Study area ...................................................................................................................... 22 1.2.2. Sampling ....................................................................................................................... 24 1.2.3. Data analysis ................................................................................................................. 25 1.3. Results .................................................................................................................................. 27 1.3.1. Effects of recreational pressure on abundance and population structure of crabs ......... 27 1.3.2. Intra-annual biological responses (Years: 2010 and 2011) ........................................... 30 1.4. Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 32 1.5. References ............................................................................................................................ 38 Capítulo 2. Vulnerabilidade de Bledius Leach, 1819 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) ao uso recreativo da faixa praial ............................................................................................................. 42 2.1. Introdução ............................................................................................................................ 42 2.2. Materiais e métodos ............................................................................................................. 45 2.2.1. Área de estudo ............................................................................................................... 45 2.2.2. Delineamento amostral e processamento das amostras ................................................. 46 2.2.3. Análise de dados............................................................................................................ 48 2.3. Resultados ............................................................................................................................ 49 2.4. Discussão .............................................................................................................................. 53 2.5. Referências ........................................................................................................................... 59 Capítulo 3. Are supralittoral arthropods affected by manual removal of wrack debris? An experimental approach on Atlantic sandy beaches of Brazil and Spain ...................................... 63 3.1. Introduction
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