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The Quaker Domestic Interior, Philadelphia 1780-1830: An University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1992 The Quaker Domestic Interior, Philadelphia 1780-1830: An Artifactual Investigation of the "Quaker Esthetic" at Wyck House, Philadelphia and Collen Brook Farm, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania Sara Margaret Pennell University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Pennell, Sara Margaret, "The Quaker Domestic Interior, Philadelphia 1780-1830: An Artifactual Investigation of the "Quaker Esthetic" at Wyck House, Philadelphia and Collen Brook Farm, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania" (1992). Theses (Historic Preservation). 262. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/262 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Pennell, Sara Margaret (1992). The Quaker Domestic Interior, Philadelphia 1780-1830: An Artifactual Investigation of the "Quaker Esthetic" at Wyck House, Philadelphia and Collen Brook Farm, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/262 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Quaker Domestic Interior, Philadelphia 1780-1830: An Artifactual Investigation of the "Quaker Esthetic" at Wyck House, Philadelphia and Collen Brook Farm, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Pennell, Sara Margaret (1992). The Quaker Domestic Interior, Philadelphia 1780-1830: An Artifactual Investigation of the "Quaker Esthetic" at Wyck House, Philadelphia and Collen Brook Farm, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/262 UNIVERSITVy PENNSYL\^\NIA. UBKARIES THE 0UAKE31 DOMESTIC INTERIOR, PHILADELPHIA 1780-1830; AN ARTIFACTUAL I>A^STIGATION OF THE "QUAKER ESTHETIC" AT WYCK HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA AND COLLEN BROOK FARM, UPPER DARBY, PENNSYLVANIA. Sara Margaret Pennell A Thesis in The Graduate Program in Historic Preservation Presented to the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science 1992 KWCIxa^ Frank G. Mtatero, Associate Professor of Architecture, Historic Preservation, Advisor ifrW- t^. Robert B.St. George] Assistant Professor of Folklore and Folklife, Reader uate Group Chairman EARTS 1'- UNrVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LIBRARIES Copyright Sara Margaret Pennell 1992 1 The Quaker Domestic interior. Philadelphia 1780-1830: AN ARTIFACTUAL INVESTIGATION OF THE "QUAKER ESTHETIC" AT WYCK HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA AND COLLEN BROOK FARM, UPPER DARBY. PENNSYLVANIA. Contents: LIST OF illustrations IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi acknowlecxj^ients vii PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1 I:i. Methodologies 5 I:ii. "The Quaker Esthetic" 7 I:iii. Case Studies, Sources and Literature 10 PART II. CONTEXTS 14 II:i. The Philadelphia Society of Friends in the Federal era: "Declension" 14 II:ii. Domesticity, Testimony and Discipline in the Society of Friends 24 II:iii. Moving Through the House: Quaker Space and the Territory of Visitation 32 PART ni: DOCUMENTATION 44 m:i. The Haines Family of Wyck 44 m:ii. Abraham Lewis m 59 PART IV: WYCK AND COLLEN BROOK: SPATIALTTY, "EMBEIXISHMENT", RNISH: THE ARTIFACTUAL APPROACH 64 IV:L Space 64 IV:ii. Furnishings and "Embellishment" 77 IV:iii. Decorative Surface Finishes 102 PART V. CONCLUSION: THE QUAKER ESTHETIC: ARTIFACT AND INTERPRETATION 121 PART VI: APPENDICES 125 Uinishes Analysis - Wyck House and CoUen Brook Farm 125 II. CoUen Brook Farm Interior Moldings 24 in. Wyck House: Docu mentation of Interior Decorative Treatments 250 IV. Documentation Relating to CoUen Brook Farm 255 SELECT BIBUOGRAWY 262 111 List of Illustrations: Plate l.Wyck House, Germantown, Philadelphia 3 Plate 2. Collen Brook Farm, eastern wing, built circa 1794, south elevation 4 Plate 3. Caspar Wister Haines I, portrait at Wyck 45 Plate 4. Reuben Haines III, posthumous portrait by Rembrandt Peale. at Wyck. 46 Plate 5. Wyck First Floor Plan - Evolution, 1770-1824 65 Plate 6. Parlor [Room 101] at Wyck, looking east 67 Plate 7. Dining Room /Library [Room 104] at Wyck, looking west 67 Plate 8. Wyck, view from Parlor to Dining Room /Library through Hall [Room 103], looking west 69 Plate 9. Wyck, entry Hall [Room 102], looking north 69 Plate 10. Collen Brook Farm, First Floor Plan- Evolution, 1 794- 1 825 72 74 Plate 1 1 . Collen Brook, Parlor (room 101) comer cabinet, north west comer Plate 12. Collen Brook, butterfly shelving in comer cabinet 75 Plate 13. Dining Room [Room 105} at Wyck, showing cupboards moved from Parlor, circa 1824 82 Plate 14. Dining table to seat 24, purchased from Jacob Super in 1812, in the Dining Room at Wyck 82 Plate 15. Front Bedchamber [Room 201] at Wyck, with maple bedstead purchased from Jacob Super in 1812 - looking south-east 84 Plate 16. Canopy of bed 84 Plate 17. Fancy chair, by Haydon and Stewart, purchased in 1813, now in the Dining Room at Wyck 86 Plate 18. the "New York" sofa, circa 1812, shipped down from New York by Reuben Haines III - now in the Parlor at Wyck 89 Plate 19. Coal-burning 'stove' grate installed beneath statuary niche in Dining Room/Library, circa 1824 89 Plate 20. Collen Brook, Front Parlor [Room 101], fireplace surround and tabernacle overmantle, north-east comer 96 Plate 21. Collen Brook, Front Parlor, um detail and reeding, fireplace surround frieze 97 IV Plate 22. Collen Brook, door from Parlor to Entry Hall [Room 1031. showing eared enframement and panelling, looking west 99 Plate 23. Door from Rear Bedchamber [Room 2021 to Stair HaU [Room 203], showing plain enframement and recessed panelling 99 Plate 24. Entry Hall [Room 103], looking south towards transomed front entry 100 Plate 25. Staircase in Entry Hall, showing tread profile detail and wainscotting, and in background, handrail pilasters on wall, looking west 100 Plate 26. Collen Brook, Front Bedchamber [Room 2011, fireplace surround and over mantle 101 Plate 27. Rear Bedchamber, fireplace, south-east comer 101 List of abbreviations: The following abbreviations have been used throughout the footnote text for frequently- occuring names, institutions, and collections: AH: Ann Haines, cousin to Reuben Haines III. CWH: Caspar Wister Haines 1. fifth generation resident of Wyck, and father of Reuben Haines III. EB: Elizabeth Bowne. mother of Jane Bowne Haines. FHL: Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA. HMH: Hannah Marshall Haines, mother of Reuben Haines III and wife of Caspar Wister Haines. HSP: Historical Society of Pennsylvania. HSR: Historic Structures Report JBH: Jane Bowne Haines, wife of Reuben Haines III. JPP: James Pemberton Parke, friend of Jane and Reuben Haines MM: Monthly Meeting (i.e. Abington MM). PYM: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. RHIII: Reuben Haines III, sixth generation resident of WycL WP: Wyck Papers, Manuscript Collection #52, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. PA. / VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to thank the following people, institutions and libraries for their assistance and cooperation during the research for this study: At Wyck House, Germantown, Executive Director John M.Groff; Marigene and Dr. Daniel Butler of the Board of Trustees; Elizabeth Solomon, Collections Consultant; Marsha Ray; and Jim and Fern Derstine. At CoUen Brook Farm, Upper Darby, Councilman Donald Bonnett, George Cain, and Raymond Shay (Chief Administrative Officer), of Uiiper Darby Township and the Upper Darby Historical Commission; Dorothy Hill and Margy Johnson, of the Upper Darby Historical Society; and Tom, Jaime and Kobey Treadwell, residents of CoUen Brook Farm, who kindly opened their home to me. At the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Beth Carroll-Horrocks and her staff in the Manuscripts Reading Room. At the Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, Patricia O'Donnell and her staff. At the Fairmount Park Commission, Memorial Hall, Philadelphia, Director John Mcllhenny. At the American Arts Department of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Martha Craig Halpem and her staff. The staff of the Friends' Library, Friends' House, London, Great Britain. Penelope Hartshome Batcheler, Cloantha Copass, Beatrice Garvan, Sandra Mackenzie Lloyd, Frank G.Matero, Dr. Robert B.St. George, Dr. Alberto Tagle, and Jean Wolf. Finally I would like to thank the Thouron family, generous sponsors of the Thouron Fellowship which I have held at the University of Pennsylvania for the past two years, for their support vu Part I: Introduction: Quaker domestic life is a neglected aspect of the socio-historical study of the Anglo- American sect; whilst the pacifism, business practices, philanthropy and behavioral ethics of the Society of Friends have all attracted scholariy attention, little consideration has been made of Quaker households, the routines and styles of domestic life adopted therein, and the concept of the home and household in Friends' prescriptive morality. This thesis is an attempt to map the basis of a Quaker "domestic interior", to evaluate this idea theoretically and in practice, through the medium of two case
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